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1.
基于农业生产技术的功能性特征及随机前沿理论,构建可分离柯布-道格拉斯形式生产函数,测算我国粮食生产全要素增长率及其组成成分.实证结果表明,1999-2011年间,小麦、稻谷和玉米作物的全要素增长率普遍较低,其中,前沿技术进步率对全要素增长率具有正的贡献;但技术效率(尤其是M技术效率)在逐年降低,是造成全要素增长率偏低的主要原因.在此基础上,对影响我国粮食生产技术效率变化的因素进行理论分析和实证检验.研究发现,以直接补贴为主的农业财政支出政策对BC和M技术效率提高作用明显,且影响效果最强.粮食生产技术的推广与普及、粮食生产的规模化和专业化对技术效率具有显著正向影响,但市场机制的影响效果并没有显现出来.  相似文献   

2.
选取全国各省粮食生产指标面板数据,对数据进行灰色拟合处理,采用数据包络分析(DEA)法,测算各区域的粮食生产效率,得到投入产出体系的要素冗余值;同时测算了各区域的全要素生产率,并对Malmquist指数进行分解,分析各区域的效率变化和技术变化趋势.结果显示:东、西部地区粮食生产投入要素大量冗余,要素配置效率不高,中部地区要素利用率较高,要素配置趋于合理;效率变化对全要素生产率的作用不明显,而技术进步是全要素生产率增长的关键驱动因素.  相似文献   

3.
出口企业专利生产技术效率的提升有助于提高出口企业的专利生产能力。本文以我国2005-2011年257家上市出口企业为样本,研究了出口企业专利生产技术效率、影响因素及其收敛性。研究发现:研发资本和研发劳动投入对出口企业专利申请量都有促进作用,但研发劳动投入的促进作用更大;出口企业专利生产的技术效率较小,总体上具有增长趋势和收敛性;企业冗余资源、技术装备利用率、资本密集度、国有股比例、市场势力和国际化水平对出口企业专利生产的技术效率具有显著作用。研究结果可为出口企业提升专利生产技术效率的决策提供依据。  相似文献   

4.
《数理统计与管理》2014,(5):878-891
应用随机前沿分析(SFA)和数据包络分析(DEA)两种方法,结合Malmquist指数,基于2002-2010年中国31个省份的健康面板数据,比较分析了中国健康生产效率及其变化状况。结果表明:两方法测算结果差异较大但各有特点,效率方面DEA高于SFA,在全要素生产率、前沿技术进步率和规模效率变动率方面测算值相反,并且SFA方法对前沿技术进步率的测算更符合现实;SFA对省域个体差异更敏感,能较好反映实质,而DEA能反映出现实随机波动性。考察期内中国健康生产效率总体上表现出缓慢上升的良好态势,但仍有较大的提升空间,且省域间差异较大;总体生产效率对技术前沿呈现追赶态势,其中管理因素促进了这一态势。  相似文献   

5.
中国乡镇企业增长的随机前沿生产函数分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
论文在运用中国1990-2005年间省际平衡面板数据的基础上,采用考虑非效率项的非中性技术进步随机前沿生产函数模型,分析了影响我国各省区乡镇企业增长的规模报酬、技术效率和技术进步因素。主要得出结论如下:在乡镇企业的发展过程中,资本产出弹性不断接近甚至有超过劳动产出弹性的趋势,呈现出一定的"资本深化"过程;整个规模报酬略大于1,这表明适当扩大乡镇企业经营规模存在着一定的规模经济效应;而整体平均技术效率水平逐年递增,技术进步率则逐年下降。在这些实证工作的基础上,论文还得出一些政策建议,希冀能够对实现我国乡镇企业的可持续发展有所裨益。  相似文献   

6.
李小东  黄利  王平 《运筹与管理》2021,30(10):233-239
基于奥地利学派生产结构视角探讨高新技术产业外部技术扩散的影响路径,提出技术扩散通过生产结构的迂回性作用于技术创新,进而影响产出绩效。基于2005~2014年我国四个高新技术产业的面板数据,利用stata14软件进行数据分析,并对所提假设进行检验。结果表明:外部技术扩散对生产结构迂回性具有正向影响,但迂回性负向影响企业技术自主创新能力。研究结论对企业提升产业竞争力、增强技术创新和创新扩散效率具有重要的理论和实践启示。  相似文献   

7.
以非参数的DEA(数据包络分析)方法及模型为理论基础,从投入和产出两个层面建立农产品生产效率评价指标体系,引入Malmquist指数分析法,运用DEAP2.1软件对陕西省2003-2012年农产品生产效率进行静态和动态变化的实证分析,揭示影响其农业生产效率的因素,作出了综合评价,并提出了有针对性的对策建议.  相似文献   

8.
空间的生产可能集和技术效率   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
康梅 《运筹与管理》2006,15(5):75-79
技术效率的估计方法有参数法和非参数法,由于传统效率分析指标--资金K、劳动力L和产出Y,识别不出资产技术的差异,部分文献在参数法中采用资金装备率k(或加职工人数L)和劳动生产率y来估计企业技术效率.为探讨这一指标体系下的非参数技术效率分析方法,本文将传统(K,L,Y)空间的规模不变生产可能集映射到(k,y)空间,得到(k,y)空间的规模非增生产可能集.我们证明,决策单元在(k,y)空间的规模非增技术效率等于决策单元在传统(K,L,Y)空间的规模不变技术效率(C^2R技术效率).这一结果简化了传统C^2R技术效率的计算,而且可以在(k,y)空间得到资产物理技术的最佳近似值--资产运营前沿技术.  相似文献   

9.
中国人口增长与粮食生产的协整研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
周四军  谢腾云 《经济数学》2006,23(4):380-385
本文以1978-2004年为样本数据,对中国人口和粮食产量进行了单位根检验、协整检验和Granger因果关系检验.结果表明,样本期内人口因素不是粮食生产的Geanger原因,人口增长和粮食生产发展并不协调.通过建立中国粮食生产模型,预测了2006-2010年的人口增长与粮食生产趋势,提出了实现中国人口增长与粮食生产和谐发展的几点建议.  相似文献   

10.
《数理统计与管理》2018,(2):211-223
提出包含非期望产出的博弈交叉-Malmquist全要素生产率指数模型,利用该模型对中国2002-2014年30个省份的电力能源面板数据进行电力能源终端消费效率评价,并采用SYS-GMM动态面板模型对其影响因素进行分析。研究发现:(1)我国省际电力能源终端利用效率出现负增长,技术效率变动和技术变动是引发该问题两大因素。(2)我国经济相对落后的西北地区借助技术效率的后发优势,在电能终端消费效率的排序中跻身榜首,其次是华北和东北地区,而华东、华中和南方地区则处于末位。(3)电力能源效率具有传递效应,其前期表现会对现期产生显著影响,此外电力价格、对外开放程度和技术进步对电力能源效率具有正向影响,而产业结构与电力能源效率具有负相关关系。  相似文献   

11.
Quantile regression for robust bank efficiency score estimation   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We discuss quantile regression techniques as a robust and easy to implement alternative for estimating Farell technical efficiency scores. The quantile regression approach estimates the production process for benchmark banks located at top conditional quantiles. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that even when generating data according to the assumptions of the stochastic frontier model (SFA), efficiency estimates obtained from quantile regressions resemble SFA-efficiency estimates. We apply the SFA and the quantile regression approach to German bank data for three banking groups, commercial banks, savings banks and cooperative banks to estimate efficiency scores based on a simple value added function and a multiple-input–multiple-output cost function. The results reveal that the efficient (benchmark) banks have production and cost elasticities which differ considerably from elasticities obtained from conditional mean functions and stochastic frontier functions.  相似文献   

12.
本文选取1999-2004年间中国城市公共交通行业的面板数据,在Cobb-Douglas函数的基础上运用随机边界法对我国城市公共交通行业的技术效率进行了考察,并从时间、地域、交通工具类型和客运规模方面,分析了该行业的效率差异及其产生原因,旨在为该行业的未来发展和管制改革提供决策依据。研究结果表明,我国城市公共交通行业技术效率情况为:近几年虽有小幅上升,但基数总体不高;东部地区技术效率偏高;客运量大和拥有轨道交通的省市的技术效率较高。  相似文献   

13.
In this paper we propose a new measure of input allocative efficiency that we estimate using directional distance functions. Our new measure compares the gain in output if a firm reduces technical inefficiency for the direct production possibility set and the gain in output if the firm reduces technical inefficiency for the indirect production possibility set. Because the directional distance function uses a translated origin, the gain in output from an optimal reallocation of inputs can be estimated for non-radial expansions in output. We estimate efficiency for Japanese banks during 1992–1999. The gains in outputs from reducing allocative inefficiency by reallocating inputs are greater than the gains in outputs that can be attained by reducing technical inefficiency.  相似文献   

14.
This paper studies the characteristics and structure of the weak surface of the production possibility set. We apply techniques and methods of transferring a polyhedral cone from its intersection form to its sum form, identify an intersection representation of the production possibility set. We give the structure theorem of weak surface of the production possibility set, which includes three complementary slackness conditions. We define the input weak efficiency and output weak efficiency for different DEA models according to the representation of the intersection form. It investigates the characteristics of the weak surfaces, and proves the structure theorems of input weak DEA efficiency and output weak DEA efficiency. The structure theorems establish weighted combination of inputs and outputs that are weak DEA efficient. Numerical examples are provided for illustration.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT. The economic performance of fisheries is difficult to measure, due to the importance of (multi‐species) biological dynamics, property rights and regulatory issues affecting fishermen's behavior and efficiency. However, an understanding of performance patterns is essential for enhancing the economic and biological viability of fisheries. In this paper we estimate and evaluate alternative primal stochastic approaches to modeling and measuring technical efficiency for the Northern Spain hake fishery. We then compare the resulting efficiency measures to identify variations in their potential interpretation, and application to policy guidance. We find that multi‐output models are more theoretically and empirically justifiable than aggregate output production function models, and provide additional policy‐relevant insights, but that relative production and efficiency estimates are not sub‐stantively affected by model specification.  相似文献   

16.
This paper uses a mechanistic frontier approach as a reference to evaluate the ability of conventional parametric (SFA) and non-parametric (DEA) frontier approaches for analyzing economic–environmental trade-offs. Conventional frontier approaches are environmentally adjusted through incorporating the materials balance principle. The analysis is worked out for the Flemish pig finishing case, which is both representative and didactic. Results show that, on average, SFA and DEA yield adequate economic–environmental trade-offs. Both methods are good estimators for technical efficiency. Cost allocative and environmental allocative efficiency scores are less robust, due to the well-known methodological advantages and disadvantages of SFA and DEA. For particular firms, SFA, DEA and the mechanistic approach may yield different economic–environmental trade-offs. One has therefore to be careful when using conventional frontier approaches for firm-specific decision support. The mechanistic approach allows for optimizing performances per average present finisher, which is the production unit in pig finishing. Conventional frontier methods do not allow for this optimization since the number of average present finishers varies along the production functions. Since the mechanistic production function is based on underlying growth, feed uptake and mortality functions, additional firm-specific indicators can also be calculated at each point of the production function.  相似文献   

17.
This paper examines firms operating under different technologies but under a common metatechnology and provides a decomposition of their efficiency into input-invariant and output-invariant components. To achieve this, it reviews known definitions of technical and scale efficiency and provides alternative expressions, which incorporate a firm operating at the most productive scale size. By extending this approach, analogous decompositions are derived for the gap between two technologies and the (technical) efficiency difference between two firms operating under two distinct technologies or metatechnologies. Two indicative case-studies are also presented in order to illustrate the applicability of the proposed framework.  相似文献   

18.
On the measurement of technical efficiency in the public sector   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
Existing measures of technical inefficiency obtained through linear programming models in the public sector do not properly control for environmental variables that affect production. It will be shown that the consequences of not controlling for these fixed factors are biased estimates of technical efficiency. This paper extends the mathematical programming approach to frontier estimation known as Data Envelopment Analysis to allow for environmental variables. This modified model will be then contrasted with the existing model that purportedly controls for exogeneous factors to measure public sector efficiency with simulated data. The results provide evidence that the existing Data Envelopment Analysis model will overestimate the level of technical inefficiency and that the modified model developed in this paper does a better job controlling for exogenous factors. The modified model is also applied to analyze the technical efficiency of school districts.  相似文献   

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