Domain Formation in Membranes Near the Onset of Instability

The formation of microdomains, also called rafts, in biomembranes can be attributed to the surface tension of the membrane. In order to model this phenomenon, a model involving a coupling between the local composition and the local curvature was proposed by Seul and Andelman in 1995. In addition to the familiar Cahn–Hilliard/Modica–Mortola energy, there are additional ‘forces’ that prevent large domains of homogeneous concentration. This is taken into account by the bending energy of the membrane, which is coupled to the value of the order parameter, and reflects the notion that surface tension associated with a slightly curved membrane influences the localization of phases as the geometry of the lipids has an effect on the preferred placement on the membrane. The main result of the paper is the study of the \(\Gamma \)-convergence of this family of energy functionals, involving nonlocal as well as negative terms. Since the minimizers of the limiting energy have minimal interfaces, the physical interpretation is that, within a sufficiently strong interspecies surface tension and a large enough sample size, raft microdomains are not formed.     

抗血管生成治疗抑制实体肿瘤细胞生长的数值模拟:应用血管生成与肿瘤生长的耦合数学模型

为研究抗血管生成因子angiostatin和抗血管生成药物endostatin对肿瘤血管生成和肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,建立耦合肿瘤血管生长、肿瘤生长和血液灌注的数学模型．模拟结果显示抗血管生成因子angiostatin和抗血管生成药物endostatin可明显抑制血管生成和减少肿瘤细胞数量,从而起到改善肿瘤组织内部异常微环境的作用．模型可作为肿瘤抗血管生成治疗的一种理论研究．     

A Porous Media Model to Describe the Behaviour of Brain Tissue

The human brain is a very sensitive organ. Even small changes in the cranium cavity can cause life–threatening effects. In case of medical intervention, biomechanics can assist the therapy decisions by simulating the physical behaviour of brain tissue, e.g., the coupled interaction of the fluid motion and the deformation of the brain tissue. In the context of the Theory of Porous Media (TPM), a convenient model of the brain is introduced, which is able to simulate essential mechanical effects in the porous structure of the brain material. The fluid–saturated brain can be treated as an immiscible binary mixture of constituents. In this macroscopic biphasic model, the mixture consists of a solid phase (brain tissue) and a fluid phase (interstitial fluid or blood plasma). Both constituents are assumed to be materially incompressible. The resulting set of coupled partial differential equations is then spatially discretised using mixed finite elements with a backward Euler time integration. Numerical examples are presented illustrating the fundamental effects on the brain tissue under heart–rate dependent pulsative pressure variations. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Multi-displacement continuum modelling of the metamaterial plate with periodical arranged resonators

Multi-displacement continuum modelling of a two-dimensional (2D) elastic metamaterials plate with periodically arranged local resonator over the surface of the plate is studied in this paper. The additional displacement fields are introduced to model the response of the local resonators. The continuous conditions between the adjacent unit-cells are used to reflect the periodicity of the microstructured continuum and resultantly turned into the constraint conditions between the additional displacement field and the other continuous field. The dispersion features of the multiple-displacement coupled wave propagating along the high symmetrical direction and any oblique direction are both studied numerically. It is found that the multi-displacement coupled waves can be divided into the coupled longitudinal wave and the coupled transversal wave when propagating along the highly symmetric direction but cannot be divided into the coupled longitudinal wave and the coupled transversal wave when propagating along any oblique direction. The effects of boundary conditions on the dispersion of acoustic and optical branches of coupled waves are discussed in detail. At last, the influences of the parameters of resonator on the dispersion feature of the multi-displacement coupled waves are investigated numerically.     

Green's functions for forced vibration analysis of bending-torsion coupled Timoshenko beam

A method based on Green's functions is proposed for the analysis of the steady-state dynamic response of bending-torsion coupled Timoshenko beam subjected to distributed and/or concentrated loadings. Damping effects on the bending and torsional directions are taken into account in the vibration equations. The elastic boundary conditions with bending-torsion coupling and damping effects are derived and the classical boundary conditions can be obtained by setting the values of specific stiffness parameters of the artificial springs. The Laplace transform technology is employed to work out the Green's functions for the beam with arbitrary boundary conditions. The Green's functions are obtained for the beam subject to external lateral force and external torque, respectively. Coupling effects between bending and torsional vibrations of the beam can be studied conveniently through these analytical Green's functions. The direct expressions of the steady-state responses with various loadings are obtained by using the superposition principle. The present Green's functions for the Timoshenko beam can be reduced to those for Euler–Bernoulli beam by setting the values of shear rigidity and rotational inertia. In order to demonstrate the validity of the Green's functions proposed, results obtained for special cases are given for a comparison with those given in the literature and they agree with each other exactly. The influences of external loading frequency and eccentricity on Green's functions of bending-torsion coupled Timoshenko beam are investigated in terms of the numerical results for both simply supported and cantilever beams. Moreover, the symmetric property of the Green's functions and the damping effects on the amplitude of Green's functions of the beam are discussed particularly.     

Flow,heat, and species transfer over a stretching plate considering coupled Stefan blowing effects from species transfer

In this paper, we investigate the flow, heat and mass transfer of a viscous fluid flow over a stretching sheet by including the blowing effects of mass transfer under high flux conditions. Mass transfer in this work means species transfer and is different from mass transpiration for permeable walls. The new contribution from this work is, for the first time, to consider the coupled blowing effects from massive species transfer on flow, heat, and species transfer for a stretching plate. Based on the exact solutions of the momentum equations, which are valid for the whole Navier–Stokes equations, the energy and mass transfer equations are solved exactly and the effects of the blowing parameter, the Schmidt number, and the Prandtl number on the flow, heat and mass transfer are presented and discussed. The solution is given in terms of an incomplete Gamma function. It is found the coupled blowing effects due to mass transfer can have significant influences on velocity profiles, drag, heat flux, as well as temperature and concentration profiles. These solutions provide rare results with closed form analytical expressions and can be used as benchmark problem for numerical code validation.     

A mathematical model of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism has multiple steady states under the same parameter conditions

This paper analyzes a mathematical model of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism, which incorporates not only the Calvin-Benson cycle, but also another two important metabolic pathways: starch synthesis and photorespiratory pathway. Theoretically, the paper shows the existence of steady states, stability and instability of the steady states, the effects of CO ₂ concentration on steady states. Especially, a critical point is found, the system has only one steady state with CO ₂ concentration in the left neighborhood of the critical point, but has two with CO ₂ concentration in the right neighborhood. In addition, the paper also explores the influence of CO ₂ concentration on the efficiency of photosynthesis. These theoretical results not only provide insight to the kinetic behaviors of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism, but also can be used to help improving the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants.     

刚-柔耦合系统离心力效应模型及姿态机动稳定性

研究非线性离心力对刚-柔耦合系统的大范围姿态运动的影响．首先从离心力势场的概念出发,推导了刚-柔耦合系统的非线性模型;然后通过近似计算分析了非线性离心力对系统姿态运动的动态效应;最后,在只有系统姿态与姿态速率测量值的条件下,基于能量范数选择Liapunov函数,证明了采用PD反馈控制律能够确保大角度姿态机动过程的稳定性．     

On fat partitioning, fat covering and the union size of polygons

The complexity of the contour of the union of simple polygons with n vertices in total can be O(n²) in general. A notion of fatness for simple polygons is introduced that extends most of the existing fatness definitions. It is proved that a set of fat polygons with n vertices in total has union complexity O(n log log n), which is a generalization of a similar result for fat triangles (Matou ek et al., 1994). Applications to several basic problems in computational geometry are given, such as efficient hidden surface removal, motion planning, injection molding, and more. The result is based on a new method to partition a fat simple polygon P with n vertices into O(n) fat convex quadrilaterals, and a method to cover (but not partition) a fat convex quadrilateral with O(l) fat triangles. The maximum overlap of the triangles at any point is two, which is optimal for any exact cover of a fat simple polygon by a linear number of fat triangles.     

渗流耦合系统动边值问题特征差分方法及其应用

油气运移、聚集史软件的功能是重建盆地发育中油气资源运移、聚集的历史,它对合理评估油气资源的勘探和开发有重要的价值．其数学模型是一组多层对流扩散耦合系统的动边值问题．提出一类特征差分格式,得到最佳阶误差估计结果．对这一领域的模型分析、数值方法和软件研制均有重要的理论和实用价值．     

Optimisation of the vibrational response of ultrasonic cutting systems

^** Email: m.cartmell{at}mech.gla.ac.uk This paper provides an account of an investigation into possibledynamic interactions between two coupled non-linear sub-systems,each possessing opposing non-linear overhang characteristicsin the frequency domain in terms of positive and negative cubicstiffnesses. This system is a two-degree-of-freedom Duffingoscillator in which certain non-linear effects can be advantageouslyneutralised under specific conditions. This theoretical vehiclehas been used as a preliminary methodology for understandingthe interactive behaviour within typical industrial ultrasoniccutting components. Ultrasonic energy is generated within apiezoelectric exciter, which is inherently non-linear, and whichis coupled to a bar- or block-horn, and to one or more materialcutting blades, for example. The horn/blade configurations arealso non-linear, and within the whole system there are responsefeatures which are strongly reminiscent of positive and negativecubic stiffness effects. The two-degree-of-freedom model isanalysed and it is shown that a practically useful mitigatingeffect on the overall non-linear response of the system canbe created under certain conditions when one of the cubic stiffnessesis varied. It has also been shown experimentally that couplingof ultrasonic components with different non-linear characteristicscan strongly influence the performance of the system and thatthe general behaviour of the hypothetical theoretical modelis indeed borne out in practice. Further experiments have shownthat a multiple horn/blade configuration can, under certaincircumstances, display autoparametric responses based on theforced response of the desired longitudinal mode parametricallyexciting an undesired lateral mode. Typical autoparametric responsephenomena have been observed and are presented at the end ofthe paper.     

变温度荷载作用下半无限成层饱和介质的热固结分析

对半无限成层饱和多孔介质作用随时间变化的温度荷载的热固结问题进行解析求解．其中,热-水-力耦合线性弹性控制方程考虑了热渗效应和等温热流效应的影响．先采用Laplace变换求其在变换域上的解,然后用数值方法求逆变换．对半无限体表面作用呈指数衰减热荷载的双层体系进行研究,分析了两层介质热固结系数、弹性模量等的差异性对热固结特征的影响．研究表明:位移场和应力场对温度场的耦合作用可以忽略,而热渗效应对温度和孔压有显著影响．     

Cooperation of deterministic and stochastic mechanisms resulting in the intermittent behavior

Intermittent behavior near the boundary of chaotic phase synchronization in the presence of noise (when deterministic and stochastic mechanisms resulting in intermittency take place simultaneously) is studied. The noise of small intensity is shown to do not affect on the characteristics of intermittency whereas the noise of large amplitude induces new effects near the boundary of the synchronous regime. In the first case the eyelet intermittency takes place near the boundary of the synchronous regime, in the second one the ring intermittency or coexistence of both types of intermittency is realized. Main results are illustrated using the example of two unidirectionally coupled Rössler systems. Similar effects are shown to be observed in coupled spatially distributed Pierce beam–plasma systems.     

Weakly coupled analysis of a blade in multiphase mixing vessel

Two or more physical systems frequently interact with each other, where the independent solution of one system is impossible without a simultaneous solution of the others. An obvious coupled system is that of a dynamic fluid-structure interaction. [8] In this paper a computational analysis of the fluid-structure interaction in a mixing vessel is presented. In mixing vessels the fluid can have a significant influence on the deformation of blades during mixing, depending on speed of mixing blades and fluid viscosity. For this purpose a computational weakly coupled analysis has been performed to determine the multiphase fluid influences on the mixing vessel structure. The multiphase fluid field in the mixing vessel was first analyzed with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code CFX. The results in the form of pressure were then applied to the blade model, which was the analysed with the structural code MSC.visualNastran forWindows, which is based on the finite element method (FEM). (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the chaotic behavior of the non-ideal vibrating systems

The paper discusses the chaotic behavior of a vibrating structure coupled to an energy source. The structural response of this system may act like energy sink under certain conditions so that a part of the energy supplied by the source is spend to vibrate the structure rather than increasing the drive speed, according to the Sommerfeld effect [1]. The energy source is influenced by the response of the system and consequently, the system exhibits jumps at critical values of the energy source. The system mimics a disappearance of the energy in the resonance regions which can affect the stability of the system, sending it to chaos [2-4]. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于非线性能量阱的双频激励非线性系统减振

针对某型民用航空发动机双频带激励特点,建立了单自由度线性振子耦合非线性能量阱（nonlinear energy sink,NES）的动力学模型.根据典型双转子发动机在巡航状态下低、高特征频率比（1∶4.74）,为系统设定双频带简谐外激励.利用四阶Runge-Kutta算法,研究了耦合NES振子时系统的振动抑制特征,并从外激励频率对系统主振子动能、系统总体能量的影响等方面,与未耦合NES系统、耦合线性动力吸振器两种情况下的数值计算结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明NES对双频带外激励具有更好的振动抑制效果,用NES降低航空发动机振动有可行性.     

Modeling the effects of variable external influences and demographic processes on innovation diffusion

In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model for innovation diffusion is proposed and analyzed by considering the effects of variable external influences (cumulative marketing efforts) and human population (variable marketing potential) in a society. The change in the population density is caused by various demographic processes such as immigration, emigration, intrinsic growth rate, death rate, etc.Thus, the problem of innovation diffusion is governed by three dynamic variables, namely, non adopters’ density, adopters’ density and the cumulative density of external influences. The model is analyzed by using the stability theory of differential equations and computer simulation.The model analysis shows that the main effect of the increase in cumulative density of external influences is to make the adopter population density reach its equilibrium at a much faster rate. It further shows that the density of adopters’ population increases as the parameters related to increase in non adopters’ population density increase. The effects of various parameters in the model on the nature of existing single equilibrium have also been discussed by using numerical simulation. It is shown that parameters related to the growth of non adopters’ population density have stabilizing effects on the system.