On the Assouad dimension of self-similar sets with overlaps

It is known that, unlike the Hausdorff dimension, the Assouad dimension of a self-similar set can exceed the similarity dimension if there are overlaps in the construction. Our main result is the following precise dichotomy for self-similar sets in the line: either the weak separation property is satisfied, in which case the Hausdorff and Assouad dimensions coincide; or the weak separation property is not satisfied, in which case the Assouad dimension is maximal (equal to one). In the first case we prove that the self-similar set is Ahlfors regular, and in the second case we use the fact that if the weak separation property is not satisfied, one can approximate the identity arbitrarily well in the group generated by the similarity mappings, and this allows us to build a weak tangent that contains an interval. We also obtain results in higher dimensions and provide illustrative examples showing that the ‘equality/maximal’ dichotomy does not extend to this setting.     

Improving dimension estimates for Furstenberg-type sets

In this paper we study the problem of estimating the generalized Hausdorff dimension of Furstenberg sets in the plane. For α∈(0,1], a set F in the plane is said to be an α-Furstenberg set if for each direction e there is a line segment ?e in the direction of e for which dimH(?e∩F)?α. It is well known that , and it is also known that these sets can have zero measure at their critical dimension. By looking at general Hausdorff measures Hh defined for doubling functions, that need not be power laws, we obtain finer estimates for the size of the more general h-Furstenberg sets. Further, this approach allow us to sharpen the known bounds on the dimension of classical Furstenberg sets.The main difficulty we had to overcome, was that if Hh(F)=0, there always exists g?h such that Hg(F)=0 (here ? refers to the natural ordering on general Hausdorff dimension functions). Hence, in order to estimate the measure of general Furstenberg sets, we have to consider dimension functions that are a true step down from the critical one. We provide rather precise estimates on the size of this step and by doing so, we can include a family of zero dimensional Furstenberg sets associated to dimension functions that grow faster than any power function at zero. With some additional growth conditions on these zero dimensional functions, we extend the known inequalities to include the endpoint α=0.     

Transfinite Hausdorff dimension

Making extensive use of small transfinite topological dimension trind, we ascribe to every metric space X an ordinal number (or −1 or Ω) tHD(X), and we call it the transfinite Hausdorff dimension of X. This ordinal number shares many common features with Hausdorff dimension. It is monotone with respect to subspaces, it is invariant under bi-Lipschitz maps (but in general not under homeomorphisms), in fact like Hausdorff dimension, it does not increase under Lipschitz maps, and it also satisfies the intermediate dimension property (Theorem 2.7). The primary goal of transfinite Hausdorff dimension is to classify metric spaces with infinite Hausdorff dimension. Indeed, if tHD(X)?ω₀, then HD(X)=+∞. We prove that tHD(X)?ω₁ for every separable metric space X, and, as our main theorem, we show that for every ordinal number α<ω₁ there exists a compact metric space Xα (a subspace of the Hilbert space l₂) with tHD(Xα)=α and which is a topological Cantor set, thus of topological dimension 0. In our proof we develop a metric version of Smirnov topological spaces and we establish several properties of transfinite Hausdorff dimension, including its relations with classical Hausdorff dimension.     

Divergence points of self-similar measures and packing dimension

Let μ be a self-similar measure in Rd. A point x∈Rd for which the limit does not exist is called a divergence point. Very recently there has been an enormous interest in investigating the fractal structure of various sets of divergence points. However, all previous work has focused exclusively on the study of the Hausdorff dimension of sets of divergence points and nothing is known about the packing dimension of sets of divergence points. In this paper we will give a systematic and detailed account of the problem of determining the packing dimensions of sets of divergence points of self-similar measures. An interesting and surprising consequence of our results is that, except for certain trivial cases, many natural sets of divergence points have distinct Hausdorff and packing dimensions.     

A generalized finite type condition for iterated function systems

We study iterated function systems (IFSs) of contractive similitudes on Rd with overlaps. We introduce a generalized finite type condition which extends a more restrictive condition in [S.-M. Ngai, Y. Wang, Hausdorff dimension of self-similar sets with overlaps, J. London Math. Soc. (2) 63 (3) (2001) 655-672] and allows us to include some IFSs of contractive similitudes whose contraction ratios are not exponentially commensurable. We show that the generalized finite type condition implies the weak separation property. Under this condition, we can identify the attractor of the IFS with that of a graph-directed IFS, and by modifying a setup of Mauldin and Williams [R.D. Mauldin, S.C. Williams, Hausdorff dimension in graph directed constructions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 309 (1988) 811-829], we can compute the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor in terms of the spectral radius of certain weighted incidence matrix.     

The topological dimension of limits of vertex replacements

Given an initial graph G, one may apply a rule R to G which replaces certain vertices of G with other graphs called replacement graphs to obtain a new graph R(G). By iterating this procedure, a sequence of graphs {Rn(G)} is obtained. When each graph in this sequence is normalized to have diameter one, the resulting sequence may converge in the Gromov-Hausdorff metric. In this paper, we compute the topological dimension of limit spaces of normalized sequences of iterated vertex replacements involving more than one replacement graph. We also give examples of vertex replacement rules that yield fractals.     

The exact hausdorff dimension of a branching set

Summary We obtain a critical function for which the Hausdorff measure of a branching set generated by a simple Galton-Watson process is positive and finite.     

Spectral Properties of Image Measures Under the Infinite Conflict Interaction

We introduce the conflict interaction with two positions between a couple of image probability measures and consider the associated dynamical system. We prove the existence of invariant limiting measures and find the criteria for these measures to be a pure point, absolutely continuous, or singular cotinuous as well as to have any topological type and arbitary Hausdorff dimension.     

The Hausdorff dimension of chaotic sets for interval self-maps

We obtain two sufficient conditions for an interval self-map to have a chaotic set with positive Hausdorff dimension. Furthermore, we point out that for any interval Lipschitz maps with positive topological entropy there is a chaotic set with positive Hausdorff dimension.     

Hausdorff dimension of the limit sets of some planar geometric constructions

We determine the Hausdorff and box dimension of the limit sets for some class of planar non-Moran-like geometric constructions generalizing the Bedford-McMullen general Sierpiński carpets. The class includes affine constructions generated by an arbitrary partition of the unit square by a finite number of horizontal and vertical lines, as well as some non-affine examples, e.g. the flexed Sierpiński gasket.     

On the Beurling dimension of exponential frames

We study Fourier frames of exponentials on fractal measures associated with a class of affine iterated function systems. We prove that, under a mild technical condition, the Beurling dimension of a Fourier frame coincides with the Hausdorff dimension of the fractal.     

Typical dimension of the graph of certain functions

Most functions from the unit interval to itself have a graph with Hausdorff and lower entropy dimension 1 and upper entropy dimension 2. The same holds for several other Baire spaces of functions. In this paper it will be proved that this is the case also in the spaces of all mappings that are Lebesgue measurable, Borel measurable, integrable in the Riemann sense, continuous, uniform distribution preserving (and continuous).     

Applications of multifractal divergence points to some sets of d-tuples of numbers defined by their N-adic expansion

In this paper we apply the techniques and results from the theory of multifractal divergence points developed in [L. Olsen, Multifractal analysis of divergence points of deformed measure theoretical Birkhoff averages, Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 82 (2003) 1591-1649; L. Olsen, Multifractal analysis of divergence points of deformed measure theoretical Birkhoff averages III, Preprint (2002); L. Olsen, S. Winter, J. London Math. Soc. 67 (2003) 103-122; L. Olsen, S. Winter, Multifractal analysis of divergence points of deformed measure theoretical Birkhoff averages II, Preprint (2001)] to give a systematic and detailed account of the Hausdorff dimensions of sets of d-tuples numbers defined in terms of the asymptotic behaviour of the frequencies of the digits in their N-adic expansion. Using the method and results from [L. Olsen, Multifractal analysis of divergence points of deformed measure theoretical Birkhoff averages, Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 82 (2003) 1591-1649; L. Olsen, Multifractal analysis of divergence points of deformed measure theoretical Birkhoff averages III, Preprint (2002); L. Olsen, S. Winter, J. London Math. Soc. 67 (2003) 103-122; L. Olsen, S. Winter, Multifractal analysis of divergence points of deformed measure theoretical Birkhoff averages II, Preprint (2001)] we investigate and compute the Hausdorff dimension of several new sets of d-tuples of numbers. In particular, we compute the Hausdorff dimension of a large class of sets of d-tuples numbers for which the limiting frequencies of the digits in their N-adic expansion do not exist. Such sets have only very rarely been studied. In addition, our techniques provide simple proofs of higher-dimensional and non-linear generalizations of known results, by Cajar and Volkmann and others, on the Hausdorff dimension of sets of normal and non-normal numbers.     

The box dimension of completely invariant subsets for expanding piecewise monotonic transformations

We consider completely invariant subsetsA of expanding piecewise monotonic transformationsT on [0, 1]. An estimate of the box dimension of such setsA in terms of a certain pressure function is given, which implies equality of box dimension and Hausdorff dimension ofA.     

Extracting information is hard: A Turing degree of non-integral effective Hausdorff dimension

We construct a infinite binary sequence with effective Hausdorff dimension 1/2 that does not compute a sequence of higher dimension. Introduced by Lutz, effective Hausdorff dimension can be viewed as a measure of the information density of a sequence. In particular, the dimension of A∈ω² is the lim inf of the ratio between the information content and length of initial segments of A. Thus the main result demonstrates that it is not always possible to extract information from a partially random source to produce a sequence that has higher information density.     

Local dimensions of sliced measures and stability of packing dimensions of sections of sets

Let m and n be integers with 0<m<n. We relate the absolutely continuous and singular parts of a measure μ on to certain properties of plane sections of μ. This leads us to prove, among other things, that the lower local dimension of (n−m)-plane sections of μ is typically constant provided that the Hausdorff dimension of μ is greater than m. The analogous result holds for the upper local dimension if μ has finite t-energy for some t>m. We also give a sufficient condition for stability of packing dimensions of section of sets.     

Fractal entropies and dimensions for microstates spaces

Using Voiculescu's notion of a matricial microstate we introduce fractal dimensions and entropies for finite sets of selfadjoint operators in a tracial von Neumann algebra. We show that they possess properties similar to their classical predecessors. We relate the new quantities to free entropy and free entropy dimension and show that a modified version of free Hausdorff dimension is an algebraic invariant. We compute the free Hausdorff dimension in the cases where the set generates a finite-dimensional algebra or where the set consists of a single selfadjoint. We show that the Hausdorff dimension becomes additive for such sets in the presence of freeness.     

Hausdorff Dimension of Operator Stable Sample Paths

The Hausdorff dimension of the sample paths of a stochastic process with stationary independent operator stable increments is computed. With probability one, every sample path has the same dimension, depending on the real parts of the eigenvalues of the operator stable exponent.Received May 28, 2002; in revised form October 2, 2002 Published online May 15, 2003     

Hausdorff measures for a class of homogeneous Moran sets

This paper provides an explicit formula for the Hausdorff measures of a class of regular homogeneous Moran sets. In particular, this provides, for the first time, an example of an explicit formula for the Hausdorff measure of a fractal set whose Hausdorff dimension is greater than 1.     

Egoroff’s theorem and maximal run length

We construct a sequence of measurable functions converging at each point of the unit interval, but the set of points with any given rate of convergence has Hausdorff dimension one. This is used to show that a version of Egoroff’s theorem due to Taylor is best possible. The construction relies on an analysis of the maximal run length of ones in the dyadic expansion of real numbers. It is also proved that the exceptional set for a limit theorem of Renyi has Hausdorff dimension one.