On extremal perturbations of semi-Fredholm operators

Given a bounded linear operatorA in an infinite dimensional Banach space and a compact subset of a connected component of its semi-Fredholm domain, we construct a finite rank operatorF such that –A+F is bounded below (or surjective) for each ,F ²=0 and rankF=max min{dimN(–A), codimR(–A)}, if ind(–A)0 (or ind(–A)0, respectively) for each .     

Factorization of a selfadjoint nonanalytic operator function II. Single spectral zone

We consider a selfadjoint and smooth enough operator-valued functionL() on the segment [a, b]. LetL(a)0,L(b)0, and there exist two positive numbers and such that the inequality |(L()f, f)|< ([a, b] f=1) implies the inequality (L'()f, f)>. Then the functionL() admits a factorizationL()=M()(I-Z) whereM() is a continuous and invertible on [a, b] operator-valued function, and operatorZ is similar to a selfadjoint one. This result was obtained in the first part of the present paper [10] under a stronge conditionL()0 ( [a,b]). For analytic functionL() the result of this paper was obtained in [13].     

Separation of roots of matrix and operator polynomials

In a complex Hilbert spaceX for an arbitrary operator polynomialL() ( C) of degreem the following theorem is proved. If the equation (L()x, x)=0 hasm distinct roots at every pointx X, x=1, then there existm pairwise disjoint connected sets in C such that each set contains a root at everyx. The minimal distance between the roots is separated from zero under the same assumption on the discriminant and the leading coefficient of that equation.     

Resolution of the Symmetric Nonnegative Inverse Eigenvalue Problem for Matrices Subordinate to a Bipartite Graph

There is a symmetric nonnegative matrix A, subordinate to a given bipartite graph G on n vertices, with eigenvalues _{12 n} if and only if, ₁ + _n 0, ₂ + _n-10,..., _m + _{n - m + 1}0, _{m + 1}0,..., _{n - m} 0, in which m is the matching numberof G. Other observations are also made about the symmetric nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem with respect to a graph     

On the width of ordered sets and Boolean algebras

Thewidth (chain number) of a partial order P, < is the smallest cardinal such that ¦A¦< 1 + whenever A is an antichain (chain) in P. We prove that, if a partial order (P, <) has width and cf()=, then P contains antichains A_n (n<) such that ¦A ₀¦<¦A₁¦ <...<={¦A_n¦: n < < } and either A₀1 A₂< ... or A₀>A₁ >A₂> ... A similar structure result is obtained for partial orders with chain number if cf()=. As an application we solve a problem of van Douwen, Monk and Rubin [1] by showing that if a Boolean algebra has width , thencf() .This work has been partially supported by NATO grant No. 339/84.Presented by Bjarni Jonsson.     

Remarks on the perturbation of analytic matrix functions III

As in [N], [LN] the Newton diagram is used in order to get information about the first terms of the Puiseux expansions of the eigenvalues () of the perturbed matrix pencilT(, )=A()+B(, ) in the neighbourhood of an unperturbed eigenvalue () ofA(). In fact sufficient conditions are given which assure that the orders of these first terms correspond to the partial multiplicities of the eigenvalue ₀ ofA().     

An Improvement of an Inequality of Fiedler Leading to a New Conjecture on Nonnegative Matrices

Suppose that A is an n × n nonnegative matrix whose eigenvalues are = (A), ₂, ..., _n. Fiedler and others have shown that \det( I -A) ⁿ - ⁿ, for all > with equality for any such if and only if A is the simple cycle matrix. Let a _i be the signed sum of the determinants of the principal submatrices of A of order i × i, i=1, ..., n - 1. We use similar techniques to Fiedler to show that Fiedler's inequality can be strengthened to: for all . We use this inequality to derive the inequality that: . In the spirit of a celebrated conjecture due to Boyle-Handelman, this inequality inspires us to conjecture the following inequality on the nonzero eigenvalues of A: If ₁ = (A), ₂,...,_k are (all) the nonzero eigenvalues of A, then . We prove this conjecture for the case when the spectrum of A is real.     

Sensitivity analysis of the greatest eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix via the ɛ-subdifferential of the associated convex quadratic form

LetA(·) be ann × n symmetric affine matrix-valued function of a parameteruR ^m , and let (u) be the greatest eigenvalue ofA(u). Recently, there has been interest in calculating (u), the subdifferential of atu, which is useful for both the construction of efficient algorithms for the minimization of (u) and the sensitivity analysis of (u), namely, the perturbation theory of (u). In this paper, more generally, we investigate the Legendre-Fenchel conjugate function of (·) and the -subdifferential (u) of atu. Then, we discuss relations between the set (u) and some perturbation bounds for (u).The author is deeply indebted to Professor J. B. Hiriart-Urruty who suggested this study and provided helpful advice and constant encouragement. The author also thanks the referees and the editors for their substantial help in the improvement of this paper.     

Principal part of resolvent and factorization of an increasing nonanalytic operator-function

Let a selfadjoint operator-valued functionL() be given on the interval [a,b] such thatL(a)0,L(b)0,L()0 (ab), andL() has a certain smoothness (for instance, it satisfies Hölder's condition). It turns out that the spectral theory of the operator-valued functionL() can be reduced to the spectral theory of one operatorZ, the spectrum of which lies on (a, b) and which is similar to a selfadjoint operator. In particular, the factorization takes place:L()=M()(I–Z), where the operator-valued functionM() is invertible on [a, b]. Earlier similar results were known only for analytic operator-valued functions. The authors had to use new methods for the proof of the described theorem. The key moment is the decomposition ofL ^–1() into the sume of its principal and regular parts.     

Preassigning the boundary of diametrically-complete sets

In a Minkowski space with unit ballS, a setD() is diametrically complete ifD()={. In this paper a method is given for generating such setsD() which contain an arbitrary setX. This technique is then employed to find necessary and sufficient conditions for a setA to lie on the boundary of some suchD() and bounds are given on the acceptable values of .     

Ein Störungssatz für abgeschlossene,lineare Operatoren

Zusammenfassung In vorliegender Note wird ein Satz von Kato [7] über die Störung eines abgeschlossenen, normal auflösbaren OperatorsT mit endlichem Null-defekt (T) durch einen streng singulären Operator verallgemeinert. Zu diesem Zweck wird für jedes 0 mit Hilfe des Kuratowskischen Nichtkompaktheitsmaßes eine KlasseC von beschränkten, linearen Operatoren eingeführt, welche sowohl die streng singulären Operatoren als auch die OperatorenS mit S enthält.Das erzielte Resultat steht in engem Zusammenhang mit den Untersuchungen von Gol'denteinn, Gohberg und Markus [5] und von Gol'denteienn und Markus [6].     

Ultrafilter translations

We develop a method for extending results about ultrafilters into a more general setting. In this paper we shall be mainly concerned with applications to cardinality logics. For example, assumingV=L, Gödel's Axiom of Constructibility, we prove that if > then the logic with the quantifier there exist many is (,)-compact if and only if either is weakly compact or is singular of cofinality<. As a corollary, for every infinite cardinals and , there exists a (,)-compact non-(,)-compact logic if and only if either < orcf<cf or < is weakly compact.Counterexamples are given showing that the above statements may fail, ifV=L is not assumed.However, without special assumptions, analogous results are obtained for the stronger notion of [,]-compactness.     

Discrete Spectrum of Differential Operators in Spectral Gaps under Nonnegative Perturbations of High Order

Let A be a self-adjoint elliptic second-order differential operator, let (, ) be an inner gap in the spectrum of A, and let B(t) = A + tW ^* W, where W is a differential operator of higher order. Conditions are obtained under which the spectrum of the operator B(t) in the gap (, ) is either discrete, or does not accumulate to the right-hand boundary of the spectral gap, or is finite. The quantity N(, A, W, ), (, ), > 0 (the number of eigenvalues of the operator B(t) passing the point (, ) as t increases from 0 to ) is considered. Estimates of N(, A, W, ) are obtained. For the perturbation W ^* W of a special form, the asymptotics of N(, A, W, ) as + is given. Bibliography: 5 titles.     

Zur Vollständigkeit der Induktiven Gruppoide der Partiellen Automorphismen von Algebren

For any algebraA let(A) be the set of partial automorphisms (isomorphisms between subalgebras). With the natural multiplication it is an inductive groupoid in the sense of Ehresmann.(A) is complete iff every subset of(A) which is compatible with the semi-ordering has an upper bound. The fact, whether(A) is complete or not, depends on the defining operations ofA. For every direct familyF = (, (A ) ,()_, , of algebras such that all ,, with are one-to-one functions, the direct limit is complete iff all(A) are complete. We give some theorems on the decomposition of inductive groupoids, and employ them in proving the completeness of(A) to variousA.In particular, we obtain that, in case whenG is a finite group,(G) is complete iffG is either cyclic or direct product of a noncyclic group of order 4 and a cyclic group of odd order. For finite acyclic ringsR and finite fieldsK the inductive groupoids(R) and(K) are complete.Further we deal with the question, to what extent algebras are determined by their inductive groupoids. (An algebraA of a classS is defined by(A) iff, for any algebraB of the classS, isomorphism between(A) and(B) implies isomorphism betweenA andB.) Particular attention is paid to finite groups. In general, algebras of classesS are not defined within the classS by their inductive groupoids.

     

Sur les égalités du miroir et certaines formes faibles de la conjecture de Greenberg

Let p be an odd prime. For any CM number field K containing a primitive p^th-root of unity, class field theory and Kummer theory put together yield the well known reflection inequality ^+– between the plus and minus parts of the -invariant of K. Greenbergs conjecture asserts that ⁺ is always trivial. We study here a weak form of this conjecture, namely ⁺=^– if and only if ⁺=^–=0.     

Approximate Identities, Almost-Periodic Functions and Toeplitz Operators

A sequence {A } of linear bounded operators is called stable if, for all sufficiently large , the inverses of A exist and their norms are uniformly bounded. We consider the stability problem for sequences of Toeplitz operators {T(k a)}, where a(t) is an almost-periodic function on unit circle and k a is an approximate identity. A stability criterion is established in terms of the invertibility of a family of almost-periodic functions. This family of functions depends on the approximate identity used in a very subtle way, and the stability condition is, in general, stronger than the invertibility condition of the Toeplitz operator T(a).     

A sandwich theorem and Hyers—Ulam stability of affine functions

It is shown that two real functionsf andg, defined on a real intervalI, satisfy the inequalitiesf(x + (1 – )y) g(x) + (1 – )g(y) andg(x + (1 – )y) f(x) + (1 – )f(y) for allx, y I and [0, 1], iff there exists an affine functionh: I such thatf h g. As a consequence we obtain a stability result of Hyers—Ulam type for affine functions.     

Resolvent of the Toeplitz operator may increase arbitrarily fast

It is proved that for every sequence of points _n from the unit circle, _n1, and for an arbitrary sequence of positive numbers A_n, A_n, there exists a continuous real function u, such that for the Toeplitz operator T (acting in the Hardy space H²) with the symbol =e ^iu we have the estimates (T–_nI)^–1>A_n, n.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova, AN SSSR, Vol. 157, pp. 175–177, 1987.     

Limits of balayage measures

LetA be a subset of a balayage space (X,W) and a measure onX. It is shown that for every sequence _n of measures such that lim_nn and lim_{n n} ^A = the limit measure is of the formf+[(1-f)]^A for some (unique) Borel function 0f1_Cb(A). Furthermore, conditions are given such that any such functionf occurs.     

Conditions for eigenvectors of a selfadjoint operator-function to form a basis

Consider a functionL() defined on an interval of the real axis whose values are linear bounded selfadjoint operators in a Hilbert spaceH. A point ₀ and a vector ₀ H( ₀ 0) are called eigenvalue and eigenvector ofL() ifL() ifL(₀) ₀ = 0. Supposing that the functionL() can be represented as an absolutely convergent Fourier integral, the interval is sufficiently small and the derivative will be positive at some point, it has been proved that all the eigenvectors of the operator-functionL() corresponding to the eigenvalues from the interval form an unconditional basis in the subspace spanned by them.