Local mass conservative Hermite interpolation for the solution of flow problems by a multi-domain boundary element approach

This paper presents a local Hermite radial basis function interpolation scheme for the velocity and pressure fields. The interpolation for velocity satisfies the continuity equation (mass conservative interpolation) while the pressure interpolation obeys the pressure equation. Additionally, the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element method (DRBEM) is applied to obtain an integral representation of the Navier-Stokes equations. Then, the proposed local interpolation is used to obtain the values of the field variables and their partial derivatives at the boundary of the sub-domains. This interpolation allows one to obtain the boundary values needed for the integral formulas for velocity and pressure at some nodes within the sub-domains. In the proposed approach the boundary elements are merely used to parameterize the geometry, but not for the evaluation of the integrals as it is usually done. The presented multi-domain approach is different from the traditional ones in boundary elements because the resulting integral equations are non singular and the boundary data needed for the boundary integrals are approximated using a local interpolation. Some accurate results for simple Stokes problems and for the Navier-Stokes equations at low Reynolds numbers up to Re = 400 were obtained.     

Boundary element analysis of uncoupled transient thermo-elastic problems with time- and space-dependent heat sources

A boundary element method (BEM) for the analysis of two- and three-dimensional uncoupled transient thermo-elastic problems involving time- and space-dependent heat sources is presented. The domain integrals are efficiently treated using the Cartesian transformation and the radial integration methods without considering any internal cells. Similar to the dual reciprocity method (DRM), some internal points without any connectivity are considered; however, in contrast to the DRM, any arbitrary mesh-free interpolation method can be used in the present formulation. There is no need to find any particular solutions and the shape functions in the mesh-free interpolation method can be arbitrary and sufficiently complicated. Unlike the DRM, the generated system of equations contains the unknowns only on the boundary. After finding the primary unknowns on the boundary, the temperature, displacement, and stress components at all internal points can directly be found without solving any system of equations. Three examples with different forms of heat sources are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Although the proposed BEM is mathematically more complicated than domain methods, such as the finite element method (FEM), it is more efficient from a modelling viewpoint since only the surface mesh has to be generated in the presented method.     

A new extension of boundary elements method for classical elliptic partial differential equations with constant coefficients

This article is devoted to an extension of boundary elements method (BEM) for solving elliptic partial differential equations of general type with constant coefficients. As the fundamental solution of these equations was not available in the literature, BEM was not able to handle them, directly. So the dual reciprocity method (DRM) has been applied to tackle these problems. In this work, a fundamental solution for these equations is obtained and a new formulation is derived to solve them. Besides, we show that the rate of convergence of the new scheme is quadratic when singular (boundary and domain) integrals are calculated, accurately. The new scheme is applicable on complex domains, without needing internal nodes, just same as conventional BEM. So the CPU time of the new scheme is much less than that of the DRM. Numerical examples presented in the article show ability and efficiency of the new scheme in solving two‐dimensional nonhomogenous elliptic boundary value problems, clearly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 2027–2042, 2015     

A stable boundary elements method for magnetohydrodynamic channel flows at high Hartmann numbers

The article is devoted to extension of boundary element method (BEM) for solving coupled equations in velocity and induced magnetic field for time dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows through a rectangular pipe. The BEM is equipped with finite difference approach to solve MHD problem at high Hartmann numbers up to 10⁶. In fact, the finite difference approach is used to approximate partial derivatives of unknown functions at boundary points respect to outward normal vector. It yields a numerical method with no singular boundary integrals. Besides, a new approach is suggested in this article where transforms 2D singular BEM's integrals to 1D nonsingular ones. The new approach reduces computational cost, significantly. Note that the stability of the numerical scheme is proved mathematically when computational domain is discretized uniformly and Hartmann number is 40 times bigger than length of boundary elements. Numerical examples show behavior of velocity and induced magnetic field across the sections.     

Numerical solution of thermal convection problems using the multidomain boundary element method

The multidomain dual reciprocity method (MD‐DRM) has been effectively applied to the solution of two‐dimensional thermal convection problems where the momentum and energy equations govern the motion of a viscous fluid. In the proposed boundary integral method the domain integrals are transformed into equivalent boundary integrals by the dual reciprocity approach applied in a subdomain basis. On each subregion or domain element the integral representation formulas for the velocity and temperature are applied and discretised using linear continuous boundary elements, and the equations from adjacent subregions are matched by additional continuity conditions. Some examples showing the accuracy, the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed method are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 469–489, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/num.10016     

Semi-analytic integration of hypersingular Galerkin BIEs for three-dimensional potential problems

An accurate and efficient semi-analytic integration technique is developed for three-dimensional hypersingular boundary integral equations of potential theory. Investigated in the context of a Galerkin approach, surface integrals are defined as limits to the boundary and linear surface elements are employed to approximate the geometry and field variables on the boundary. In the inner integration procedure, all singular and non-singular integrals over a triangular boundary element are expressed exactly as analytic formulae over the edges of the integration triangle. In the outer integration scheme, closed-form expressions are obtained for the coincident case, wherein the divergent terms are identified explicitly and are shown to cancel with corresponding terms from the edge-adjacent case. The remaining surface integrals, containing only weak singularities, are carried out successfully by use of standard numerical cubatures. Sample problems are included to illustrate the performance and validity of the proposed algorithm.     

On the formulation of a BEM in the Bézier–Bernstein space for the solution of Helmholtz equation

This paper proposes a novel boundary element approach formulated on the Bézier-Bernstein basis to yield a geometry-independent field approximation. The proposed method is geometrically based on both computer aid design (CAD) and isogeometric analysis (IGA), but field variables are independently approximated from the geometry. This approach allows the appropriate approximation functions for the geometry and variable field to be chosen. We use the Bézier–Bernstein form of a polynomial as an approximation basis to represent both geometry and field variables. The solution of the element interpolation problem in the Bézier–Bernstein space defines generalised Lagrange interpolation functions that are used as element shape functions. The resulting Bernstein–Vandermonde matrix related to the Bézier–Bernstein interpolation problem is inverted using the Newton-Bernstein algorithm. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated solving the Helmholtz equation over an unbounded region in a two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D) domain.     

A numerical solution for advection‐diffusion equation using dual reciprocity method

This article describes a numerical method based on the boundary integral equation and dual reciprocity method(DRM) for solving the one‐dimensional advection‐diffusion equations. The concept of DRM is used to convert the domain integral to the boundary that leads to an integration free method. The time derivative is approximated by the time‐stepping method. Numerical results are presented for some problems to demonstrate the usefulness and accuracy of the new approach. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013     

A conservative SPH scheme using exact projection with semi-analytical boundary method for free-surface flows

This paper presents a novel SPH scheme for modelling incompressible and divergence-free flow with a free surface (IDFSPH) associated with semi-analytical wall boundary conditions. In line with the projection method, the velocity field is decoupled from the pressure field in the momentum equation. A Poisson equation, serving as the pressure solver, is obtained by which pressure field is decoupled completely from the velocity field. In particular, an exact projection scheme is deployed to fulfil the requirement of the divergence-free velocity field. The condition of incompressibility is satisfied by iteratively updating the density field till the convergence. The two-equation k–ε model is employed to describe the turbulence effects in Newtonian flows. It is shown that the discretised SPH schemes have the feature of both linear and angular momentum conservations. The semi-analytical wall method implements the appropriate integrals to evaluate the boundary contributions to the mass and momentum equations. In comparison to the boundary particle methods, it can greatly enhance the feasibility and efficiency with the complex geometries. The algorithm presented within this paper is applied to several academic test cases for which either analytical results or simulations with other methods are available. The comparisons verify that this scheme is provided with convincing efficiency and extensive applicability.     

Fourier积分的数值计算法

本文建议采用样条函数插值作Fourier积分数值计算.同时,介绍了对几个一般函数采用各种不同的数值计算法的计算结果和构造样条函数的边界条件的简化处理方法.     

正交各向异性轴对称位势问题的Trefftz有限元分析

Trefftz有限元法（Trefftz finite element method, TFEM）因其独特的优良品质而备受关注.针对正交各向异性轴对称位势问题,提出了一种4节点四边形环状单元．在该单元模型中,首先假设两套独立的位势插值模式:即单元域内场和网线场,然后代入修正变分泛函并利用Gauss散度定理消除区域积分,最后根据驻值原理导得只含边界积分的单元刚度方程．数值算例表明了该单元的准确性、稳定性以及对网格畸变的不敏感性.     

Multigrid technique for biharmonic interpolation with application to dual and multiple reciprocity method

A biharmonic-type interpolation method is presented to solve 2D and 3D scattered data interpolation problems. Unlike the methods based on radial basis functions, which produce a large linear system of equations with fully populated and often non-selfadjoint and ill-conditioned matrix, the presented method converts the interpolation problem to the solution of the biharmonic equation supplied with some non-usual boundary conditions at the interpolation points. To solve the biharmonic equation, fast multigrid techniques can be applied which are based on a non-uniform, non-equidistant but Cartesian grid generated by the quadtree/octtree algorithm. The biharmonic interpolation technique is applied to the multiple and dual reciprocity method of the BEM to convert domain integrals to the boundary. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the computational cost of the evaluation of the appearing domain integrals as well as the memory requirement of the procedure. The resulting method can be considered as a special grid-free technique, since it requires no domain discretisation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A fast numerical approach for the simulation of highly viscous non-isothermal non-Newtonian fluids

This paper deals with the efficient simulation of polymer melts, as an example of highly viscous non-isothermal non-Newtonian fluids. In flow fields of our interest, which are characterized by small Reynolds numbers and large Prandtl numbers, steep gradients occur in thin boundary layers of the temperature distribution, whereas the boundary layers associated with the velocity field possess a considerable different length scale. In order to benefit from these properties, we introduce a physically motivated multigrid approach by computing velocity and temperature fields on different meshes. This new development is achieved by the modification of a discrete projection method. Numerical experiments are presented which confirm that the method decreases the computational effort considerably, while preserving the numerical accuracy.     

An implicit-Chebyshev pseudospectral method for the effect of radiation on power-law fluid past a vertical plate immersed in a porous medium

An implicit-Chebyshev collocation spectral method is employed in this study. This method was used to compute the problem of unsteady free convection with heat transfer from an isothermal vertical flat plate to a non-Newtonian fluid saturated porous medium, which is modeled as a power-law fluid. Boundary layer and Boussinesq approximations have been incorporated. The Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model is applied to describe the flow field, where the magnetic field and the radiation effects are taken into account. Because of the non-Newtonian rheology, these problems are non-linear and must be solved numerically. The domain of the problem is discretized according to the implicit-Chebyshev spectral collocation scheme. In this study, the spatial derivatives are computed with a differentiation matrix and the time derivatives are computed with Crank–Nicolson implicit finite-difference method. Numerical calculations are carried out for the various parameters entering into the problem. Velocity and temperature profiles are shown in tables and graphically. It is found that as time approaches infinity, the values of friction factor and heat transfer coefficients approach the steady state values.     

Numerical evaluation of the two-dimensional partition of unity boundary integrals for Helmholtz problems

There has been considerable attention given in recent years to the problem of extending finite and boundary element-based analysis of Helmholtz problems to higher frequencies. One approach is the Partition of Unity Method, which has been applied successfully to boundary integral solutions of Helmholtz problems, providing significant accuracy benefits while simultaneously reducing the required number of degrees of freedom for a given accuracy. These benefits accrue at the cost of the requirement to perform some numerically intensive calculations in order to evaluate boundary integrals of highly oscillatory functions. In this paper we adapt the numerical steepest descent method to evaluate these integrals for two-dimensional problems. The approach is successful in reducing the computational effort for most integrals encountered. The paper includes some numerical features that are important for successful practical implementation of the algorithm.     

On the Finite Element Analysis of Problems with Nonlinear Newton Boundary Conditions in Nonpolygonal Domains

The paper is concerned with the study of an elliptic boundary value problem with a nonlinear Newton boundary condition considered in a two-dimensional nonpolygonal domain with a curved boundary. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the continuous problem is a consequence of the monotone operator theory. The main attention is paid to the effect of the basic finite element variational crimes: approximation of the curved boundary by a polygonal one and the evaluation of integrals by numerical quadratures. With the aid of some important properties of Zlamal's ideal triangulation and interpolation, the convergence of the method is analyzed.     

Semi-analytic treatment of the three-dimensional Poisson equation via a Galerkin BIE method

A systematic treatment of the three-dimensional Poisson equation via singular and hypersingular boundary integral equation techniques is investigated in the context of a Galerkin approximation. Developed to conveniently deal with domain integrals without a volume-fitted mesh, the proposed method initially converts domain integrals featuring the Newton potential and its gradient into equivalent surface integrals. Then, the resulting boundary integrals are evaluated by means of well-established cubature methods. In this transformation, weakly-singular domain integrals, defined over simply- or multiply-connected domains with Lipschitz boundaries, are rigorously converted into weakly-singular surface integrals. Combined with the semi-analytic integration approach developed for potential problems to accurately calculate singular and hypersingular Galerkin surface integrals, this technique can be employed to effectively deal with mixed boundary-value problems without the need to partition the underlying domain into volume cells. Sample problems are included to validate the proposed approach.     

Analysis of a meshless method for the time fractional diffusion-wave equation

In this paper a numerical technique is proposed for solving the time fractional diffusion-wave equation. We obtain a time discrete scheme based on finite difference formula. Then, we prove that the time discrete scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent using the energy method and the convergence order of the time discrete scheme is \(\mathcal {O}(\tau ^{3-\alpha })\). Firstly, we change the main problem based on Dirichlet boundary condition to a new problem based on Robin boundary condition and then, we consider a semi-discrete scheme with Robin boundary condition and show when \(\beta \rightarrow +\infty \) solution of the main semi-discrete problem with Dirichlet boundary condition is convergent to the solution of the new semi-discrete problem with Robin boundary condition. We consider the new semi-discrete problem with Robin boundary condition and use the meshless Galerkin method to approximate the spatial derivatives. Finally, we obtain an error bound for the new problem. We prove that convergence order of the numerical scheme based on Galekin meshless is \(\mathcal {O}(h)\). In the considered method the appeared integrals are approximated using Gauss Legendre quadrature formula. The main aim of the current paper is to obtain an error estimate for the meshless Galerkin method based on the radial basis functions. Numerical examples confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme.     

Semi-analytic treatment of the three-dimensional Poisson equation via a Galerkin BIE method

A systematic treatment of the three-dimensional Poisson equation via singular and hypersingular boundary integral equation techniques is investigated in the context of a Galerkin approximation. Developed to conveniently deal with domain integrals without a volume-fitted mesh, the proposed method initially converts domain integrals featuring the Newton potential and its gradient into equivalent surface integrals. Then, the resulting boundary integrals are evaluated by means of well-established cubature methods. In this transformation, weakly-singular domain integrals, defined over simply- or multiply-connected domains with Lipschitz boundaries, are rigorously converted into weakly-singular surface integrals. Combined with the semi-analytic integration approach developed for potential problems to accurately calculate singular and hypersingular Galerkin surface integrals, this technique can be employed to effectively deal with mixed boundary-value problems without the need to partition the underlying domain into volume cells. Sample problems are included to validate the proposed approach.     

n-sided polygonal hybrid finite elements with unified fundamental solution kernels for topology optimization

In topology optimization, the optimized design can be obtained based on spatial discretization of design domain using natural polygonal finite elements to reduce the influence of mesh geometry on topology optimization solutions. However, the natural polygonal finite elements require separate interpolants for each type of elements and involve troublesome domain integrals. In this study, an alternative n-sided polygonal hybrid finite element possessing multiple-node connection is formulated in a unified form to compress the checkerboard patterns caused by numerical instability in topology optimization. Different from the natural polygonal finite elements, the present polygonal hybrid finite elements involve two sets of independent displacement fields. The intra-element displacement field defined inside the element is approximated by the linear combination of the fundamental solution of the problem to achieve the purpose of the local satisfaction of the governing equations of the problem, but not the specific boundary conditions and the inter-element continuity conditions. To overcome such drawback, the inter-element displacement field defined over the entire element boundary is independently approximated by means of the conventional shape function interpolation. As a result, only line integrals along the element boundary are involved in the computation, whose dimension is reduced by one compared to the domain integrals in the natural polygonal finite elements, and more importantly, allowing us to flexibly construct any polygons from Voronoi tessellations in discretizing complex design domains using same fundamental solution kernels. Numerical results obtained indicate that the present n-sided polygonal hybrid finite elements can produce more accurate displacement solutions and smaller mean compliance, compared to the standard finite elements and the natural polygonal finite elements.