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1.
根据现实中的博弈现象,本文首先提出了多维博弈概念,然后描述了其特征、策略型式,并将Nash均衡扩展为多维Nash均衡.最后,讨论了两个企业关于具有一定替代性的两种产品的不完全信息静态多维Cournot多维博弈模型,并进一步分析得到两个企业对两种产品单独博弈的均衡策略劣于对两种产品多维博弈的均衡策略.  相似文献   

2.
不完全信息动态二维价格博弈模型及其分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
单位生产成本为不完全信息条件下,本文首先讨论了两个企业关于具有一定替代性的两种产品价格的动态二维博弈模型,并求得其精练Bayes均衡.然后分析了当两种产品不存在替代关系时,企业对这两种产品价格进行动态博弈的精练Bayes均衡相当于对这两种产品单独进行博弈的精练Bayes均衡的简单组合.  相似文献   

3.
当市场上存在两个拥有不完全信息的内部交易者时,研究了其对待风险的态度分别为风险喜好、风险中性与风险厌恶情况下模型在混合策略空间中离散时间的均衡解和高频交易下均衡的渐近行为特征,并分析了相关模型的经济金融学意义.  相似文献   

4.
本文考虑的是可数状态空间不完全信息的非平衡MDP平均模型,借助于模型的转化,建立了不完全信息的非平衡MDP平均模型的最优方程,并进一步给出了最优方程的解及ε(〉,0)-最优策略存在的充分条件。  相似文献   

5.
针对中药材供给中的信息不对称性,建立了三个中药材供给方与政府稽查部门之间的三个不完全信息动态博弈模型,得到了相应的子博弈精炼贝叶斯均衡解的五个结论.这五个结论合理刻画了中药材供给方与政府稽查部门的博弈行为并揭示了非法采挖野生中药材现象难以杜绝的原因.结果表明,政府对稽查行为的条件激励措施并不能有效杜绝非法采挖野生中药材现象,只有政府对所有的稽查行为实施普遍的强激励机制才可从根本上消除非法采挖野生中药材的现象.  相似文献   

6.
建设工程投标报价决策中引入博弈论的精髓在于博弈中的一个理智决策者必须以考虑其他参与者的反应为基础来确定自身最理智的投标报价方案.应用信息不完全重复博弈的KMRW\"四人帮\"声誉模型原理,通过设定两方竞标者的非理智概率q,建立建设工程投标报价中两方投标者竞标的重复博弈模型,并对模型的精炼贝叶斯均衡进行求解及分析,得出两投标者在有限次重复博弈中的竞争合作规律,为企业竞标把握竞争合作规律提供理论参考.  相似文献   

7.
在不完全信息环境下,文章研究了具有随机工资和保费返还条款,且面临通胀风险的DC养老金均衡投资策略.假设养老金参与者连续不断地将其随机工资的固定比例作为保费缴纳到自己的养老金账户,基金经理将保费投资于一个无风险资产,一支股票和一支通胀指数债券以使养老金保值增值.其中股票预期收益率是随机的,并遵循均值回复过程,但基金经理无法直接观测.由于考虑了保费返还条款,则在累积期间死亡的参与者可提取按预先设定利率累积的保费.基金经理的决策目标是使每个幸存参与者养老金的终端价值期望最大化,并最小化终端价值的方差.利用滤波技术和纳什均衡框架,文章得到了DC养老金均衡策略和均衡值函数的解析式.最后,数值算例表明保费返还条款和信息损失都会使基金经理对风险投资更谨慎,但是保费返还条款对通胀指数债券均衡策略的影响更显著,而信息损失对股票均衡策略的影响更显著.  相似文献   

8.
基于不完全信息静态博弈模型,讨论了相互竞争的两厂商在双方都掌握的线性需求函数和一方随机选取的线性成本函数这样的不完全信息情况下实施三度价格歧视的有效性问题,且给出了双方实施三度价格歧视的最优产量,最优价格以及最大利润公式,并把相关结论与基于完全信息静态博弈的三度歧视定价和不完全信息静态博弈的统一定价进行对比,得出了许多重要的结论.  相似文献   

9.
基于PAB(Pay-As-Bid)竞价机制,探讨不完全信息情况下供需关系对房屋成交价格的影响.在购房者对房屋价格预期不确定和购房者有限理性的假设下,利用鲁棒优化技术和演化博弈论中的\"复制动态\"思想,提出鲁棒演化博弈均衡的概念,建立相应的复制动态系统,并对系统的鲁棒演化均衡的渐进稳定性进行分析,得到在不同市场供需情况下购房者价格策略演化的一般规律.最后选用数值算例对模型加以验证.  相似文献   

10.
在Kyle模型中的线性均衡假设进行了修正的基础上,针对内部交易者只具有资产价值不完全信息情况,建立两期风险厌恶型内部交易均衡模型,并求得该模型的子博弈纳什均衡解.由此发现资产价值不完信息中噪音对市场干扰程度愈小(波动程度愈小),就愈有利于内部交易者的收益;内部交易者的交易就愈活跃;交易均衡价格包含资产价值信息就愈多.  相似文献   

11.
    
Various models of 2-player stopping games have been considered which assume that players simultaneously observe a sequence of objects. Nash equilibria for such games can be found by first solving the optimal stopping problems arising when one player remains and then defining by recursion the normal form of the game played at each stage when both players are still searching (a 2 × 2 matrix game). The model considered here assumes that Player 1 always observes an object before Player 2. If Player 1 accepts the object, then Player 2 does not see that object. If Player 1 rejects an object, then Player 2 observes it and may choose to accept or reject it. It is shown that such a game can be solved using recursion by solving appropriately defined subgames, which are played at each moment when both players are still searching. In these subgames Player 1 chooses a threshold, such that an object is accepted iff its value is above this threshold. The strategy of Player 2 in this subgame is a stopping rule to be used when Player 1 accepts this object, together with a threshold to be used when Player 1 rejects the object. Whenever the payoff of Player 1 does not depend on the value of the object taken by Player 2, such a game can be treated as two optimisation problems. Two examples are given to illustrate these approaches.  相似文献   

12.
    
We develop a symmetric incomplete-information continuous-time two-player war-of-attrition game with an option to fight decisively. We show that there exists an essentially unique symmetric Bayesian Nash equilibrium. Under equilibrium, the game does not end immediately, and a costly delay persists even with the availability of the fighting option that ends the game if chosen. In addition, there exists a critical time in which a fight occurs unless a player resigns before that time.  相似文献   

13.
    
A family of oligopolies that possess a unique equilibrium was identified in the second authors doctoral dissertation. For such a family, it is therein specified a class of functions-economically related to the price function of a Cournot oligopoly – that satisfy a particular type of quasi-concavity. The first part of the present article (i) conceptualizes that type of quasi-concavity by introducing the notion of demi-concavity, (ii) considers two possible variants and (iii) provides some calculus properties. The second part, by relying on the results on demi-concavity, proves a Cournot equilibrium uniqueness theorem which is new for the journal literature and subsumes various results thereof. A third part shows an example that illustrates the novelty of the result.  相似文献   

14.
A new version of the Coleman model is given in this comment It is modeled as a simple barter economy with Cobb‐Douglas utility function. So, standard microeconomic results can be applied for the dynamic analysis of the Coleman model.  相似文献   

15.
This paper extends possibilities for analyzing incomplete ordinal information about the parameters of an additive value function. Such information is modeled through preference statements which associate sets of alternatives or attributes with corresponding sets of rankings. These preference statements can be particularly helpful in developing a joint preference representation for a group of decision-makers who may find difficulties in agreeing on numerical parameter values. Because these statements can lead to a non-convex set of feasible parameters, a mixed integer linear formulation is developed to establish a linear model for the computation of decision recommendations. This makes it possible to complete incomplete ordinal information with other forms of incomplete information.  相似文献   

16.
梁希泉 《经济数学》2000,17(3):1-13
本文在第一章给出了经济模型及相关的基本概念,第二章中利用Grassmanian流形上的集值映射的不动点理论及非线性泛函分析中一类方程解的有限性定理,给出了不完全资产与现货市场的两期交换经济的非套利均衡存在的简捷证明.  相似文献   

17.
In an interaction it is possible that one agent has features it is aware of but the opponent is not. These features (e.g. cost, valuation or fighting ability) are referred to as the agent’s type. The paper compares two models of evolution in symmetric situations of this kind. In one model the type of an agent is fixed and evolution works on strategies of types. In the other model every agent adopts with fixed probabilities both types, and type-contingent strategies are exposed to evolution. It is shown that the dynamic stability properties of equilibria may differ even when there are only two types and two strategies. However, in this case the dynamic stability properties are generically the same when the payoff of a player does not depend directly on the type of the opponent. Examples illustrating these results are provided.  相似文献   

18.
在已有的寡头古诺模型基础上进一步扩展,建立了综合考虑竞争者成本差异和市场广义非线性需求的扩展多寡头古诺模型。给出了扩展多寡头古诺模型Nash均衡解的一般求解方法以及两类特殊需求函数下Nash均衡解的解析表达式。接着进一步探讨了模型的性质,重点讨论成本差异对均衡的影响及其与经典模型的异同,并利用模型的结论简单解释若干经济现象。模型性质探讨表明,边际成本差异会对均衡产量及其在各类寡头之间的分配产生重要影响。作为应用,将相关结论应用到以稀土开采管理为代表的稀有资源管理的策略分析上,提出了若干建议。  相似文献   

19.
In this paper we consider the minimum cost spanning tree model. We assume that a central planner aims at implementing a minimum cost spanning tree not knowing the true link costs. The central planner sets up a game where agents announce link costs, a tree is chosen and costs are allocated according to the rules of the game. We characterize ways of allocating costs such that true announcements constitute Nash equilibria both in case of full and incomplete information. In particular, we find that the Shapley rule based on the irreducible cost matrix is consistent with truthful announcements while a series of other well-known rules (such as the Bird-rule, Serial Equal Split, and the Proportional rule) are not.  相似文献   

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