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1.
孙宇  宋立新 《大学数学》2011,27(6):171-173
根据一类总体分布函数的特性,对其应用适当的变换,进而给出了这类总体参数的统计推断方法.  相似文献   

2.
采用灰色系统预测理论对产品可靠性寿命试验数据进行预测,提出了建立产品可靠性寿命试验数据的灰色预测NGM(1,1)模型的方法,并通过采用试验数据序列与预测数据序列总体分布函数相等性检验方法确认灰色预测NGM(1,1)模型用于产品可靠性寿命试验数据预测是可行的.算例结果表明,采用灰色预测方法预测产品可靠性寿命试验数据并进行相关的分布函数参数估计有较高的精度,可达到缩短试验时间和节约试验费用目的.  相似文献   

3.
贝叶斯向量自回归分析方法及其应用   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
由于经济环境的多变,使得经济预测面临数据量少的建模难题,贝叶斯方法对小样本数据建模问题具有明显优势。本文在共轭条件似然函数"矩阵正态-Wishart分布"意义下,首先讨论了向量自回归模型的贝叶斯分析方法,得到了模型参数的后验分布与一步预测分布。其次,给出了分量方程的对应结果,说明了模型阶数的推断方法。最后,列出了计算步骤,并作为应用,对上海房地产价格指数数据进行预测建模,取得了较好效果。  相似文献   

4.
在长寿命产品的可靠性增长试验过程中,由于人员、观测设备或其他方面的原因,可能会造成某些试验数据丢失或未观测到的现象。对这类小子样变总体缺失数据情形,提出了Bayes可靠性增长分析方法。首先利用Box-Tiao技术构造先验分布,然后利用非齐次Poisson过程原理和缺失数据的产生机制,得到可靠性增长缺失数据的似然函数,再用Bayes统计推断方法得到产品各研制阶段结束时的可靠性水平,同时给出了缺失数据下增长模型的拟合优度检验方法。最后通过一个示例说明了该方法在工程上的应用。  相似文献   

5.
非概率抽样在大数据时代有广阔的应用空间,但其统计推断问题仍有待研究和发展.针对这一问题,提出利用基于模型的推断方法结合配额抽样实现非概率样本的统计推断,其思路是先设定线性回归形式的超总体模型,再利用配额样本观测数据拟合模型估计未知参数,进而利用模型对非观测单元进行预测,案例分析结果显示基于超总体模型的推断方法是解决非概率样本统计推断的有力途径,具有较大的深入研究价值.  相似文献   

6.
作为识别和评估系统薄弱环节的有效工具之一的重要度理论,一直都被广泛应用于系统可靠性和安全性工程。而作为其主要环节的不确定性重要度分析更是扮演着不可或缺的角色。因此,为有效表征多态系统的可靠性,本文给出了一种变换数据处理方式的改进不确定性重要度分析方法。该模型是以两个累积分布函数之间的空间几何距离为基础,通过改变随机输入变量的不确定性范围和对应分布情况,模拟和描述输入对系统输出变量的相对影响趋势,并以两个累积分布函数之间的定积分面积表示。最后利用系统故障树对其进行不确定性重要度分析。结果表明,空间几何距离是一种用来表示输入变化对输出分布变化的相对影响的不确定性重要度度量的有效工具。  相似文献   

7.
一类可修威布尔型设备可用度的Fiducial推断   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
本文对于可维修的威布尔型设备考虑一类修如新模型,导出了在该模型下设备在任意时刻的可用度函数;基于设备寿命试验的完全数据,给出了威布尔分布在任意时刻可靠度的Fiducial分布,由此进一步求出可修威布尔型设备可用度的点估计和置信下限。最后进行了模拟运算,模拟结果表明,该方法在小样本情况下能够作出较精确的推断。  相似文献   

8.
概率与统计(续)陈应保(华中师范大学数学系430070八、估计理论前一讲我们介绍了样本数据的初步统计方法.列表和作图.由此看出数据的分布情况和变化趋势.而我们通过抽样获得有效数据的更重要目的是根据样本数据中所包含的信息对总体分布进行统计推断.统计推断...  相似文献   

9.
程从华  赵海清 《应用数学》2017,30(4):791-805
在本文中,我们讨论两指数总体的位置参数和尺度参数的统计推断问题.利用极大似然方法,在联合II型删失数据的情形下给出参数的精确分布以及相关精确统计推断结果.将枢轴量表示为标准指数随机变量的线性函数,并且给出枢轴量的条件精确分布,这个条件精确分布的一个很大优点是计算比较简单.利用条件精确分布,可以获得枢轴量的精确分位数.为了说明本文方法的优劣,我们也提供Bootstrap方法构造参数置信区间的相关结果.最后将理论结果,进行了部分数值模拟实验,这些数值结果列在相应的表格里.  相似文献   

10.
枢轴分布族中的Fiducial推断   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
研究枢轴分布族下的Fiducial推断, 提出了求参数的Fiducial分布的一般方法, 在这个方法中Fiducial模型起了重要作用. 方法包含了一些其他求Fiducial分布的方法, 特别地, Fisher提出的第1个Fiducial分布可由此方法导出. 对于单调似然比分布族这样的枢轴分布族, Fiducial分布具有一个Neyman-Pearson观点上的频率性质, 对于文中定义的一类正规参数函数, 它的Fiducial分布也具有上述频率性质. Fiducial推断的一些优点在Fiducial分布的4个应用中展示. 给出了许多例子, 其中的一些例子用现有的方法是得不到Fiducial分布的.  相似文献   

11.
We study a new approach to statistical prediction in the Dempster–Shafer framework. Given a parametric model, the random variable to be predicted is expressed as a function of the parameter and a pivotal random variable. A consonant belief function in the parameter space is constructed from the likelihood function, and combined with the pivotal distribution to yield a predictive belief function that quantifies the uncertainty about the future data. The method boils down to Bayesian prediction when a probabilistic prior is available. The asymptotic consistency of the method is established in the iid case, under some assumptions. The predictive belief function can be approximated to any desired accuracy using Monte Carlo simulation and nonlinear optimization. As an illustration, the method is applied to multiple linear regression.  相似文献   

12.
Bayesian approaches to prediction and the assessment of predictive uncertainty in generalized linear models are often based on averaging predictions over different models, and this requires methods for accounting for model uncertainty. When there are linear dependencies among potential predictor variables in a generalized linear model, existing Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for sampling from the posterior distribution on the model and parameter space in Bayesian variable selection problems may not work well. This article describes a sampling algorithm based on the Swendsen-Wang algorithm for the Ising model, and which works well when the predictors are far from orthogonality. In problems of variable selection for generalized linear models we can index different models by a binary parameter vector, where each binary variable indicates whether or not a given predictor variable is included in the model. The posterior distribution on the model is a distribution on this collection of binary strings, and by thinking of this posterior distribution as a binary spatial field we apply a sampling scheme inspired by the Swendsen-Wang algorithm for the Ising model in order to sample from the model posterior distribution. The algorithm we describe extends a similar algorithm for variable selection problems in linear models. The benefits of the algorithm are demonstrated for both real and simulated data.  相似文献   

13.
A method is proposed to quantify uncertainty on statistical forecasts using the formalism of belief functions. The approach is based on two steps. In the estimation step, a belief function on the parameter space is constructed from the normalized likelihood given the observed data. In the prediction step, the variable Y to be forecasted is written as a function of the parameter θ and an auxiliary random variable Z with known distribution not depending on the parameter, a model initially proposed by Dempster for statistical inference. Propagating beliefs about θ and Z through this model yields a predictive belief function on Y. The method is demonstrated on the problem of forecasting innovation diffusion using the Bass model, yielding a belief function on the number of adopters of an innovation in some future time period, based on past adoption data.  相似文献   

14.
Conventionally, isolated (point-wise) prediction intervals are used to quantify the uncertainty in future mortality rates and other demographic quantities such as life expectancy. A pointwise interval reflects uncertainty in a variable at a single time point, but it does not account for any dynamic property of the time-series. As a result, in situations when the path or trajectory of future mortality rates is important, a band of pointwise intervals might lead to an invalid inference. To improve the communication of uncertainty, a simultaneous prediction band can be used. The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate how simultaneous prediction bands can be created for prevalent stochastic models, including the Cairns-Blake-Dowd and Lee-Carter models. The illustrations in this paper are based on mortality data from the general population of England and Wales.  相似文献   

15.
Traditionally, an insurance risk process describes an insurance company’s risk through some criteria using the historical data under the framework of probability theory with the prerequisite that the estimated distribution function is close enough to the true frequency. However, because of the complexity and changeability of the world, economical and technological reasons in many cases enough historical data are unavailable and we have to base on belief degrees given by some domain experts, which motivates us to include the human uncertainty in the insurance risk process by regarding interarrival times and claim amounts as uncertain variables using uncertainty theory. Noting the expansion of insurance companies’ operation scale and the increase of businesses with different risk nature, in this paper we extend the uncertain insurance risk process with a single class of claims to that with multiple classes of claims, and derive expressions for the ruin index and the uncertainty distribution of ruin time respectively. As the ruin time can be infinite, we propose a proper uncertain variable and the corresponding proper uncertainty distribution of that. Some numerical examples are documented to illustrate our results. Finally our method is applied to a real-world problem with some satellite insurance data provided by global insurance brokerage MARSH.  相似文献   

16.
This paper studies estimation in partial functional linear quantile regression in which the dependent variable is related to both a vector of finite length and a function-valued random variable as predictor variables. The slope function is estimated by the functional principal component basis. The asymptotic distribution of the estimator of the vector of slope parameters is derived and the global convergence rate of the quantile estimator of unknown slope function is established under suitable norm. It is showed that this rate is optimal in a minimax sense under some smoothness assumptions on the covariance kernel of the covariate and the slope function. The convergence rate of the mean squared prediction error for the proposed estimators is also be established. Finite sample properties of our procedures are studied through Monte Carlo simulations. A real data example about Berkeley growth data is used to illustrate our proposed methodology.  相似文献   

17.
目前在我国精算实务中对未决赔款准备金评估的不确定性风险逐渐重视,对不确定性加以度量显得很有必要.在以往关于未决赔款准备金的不确定性研究中,大多集中于预测均方误差.从数值角度看,如果应用随机模拟的方法,能得到未决赔款准备金完整的预测分布,那么就可以由该分布得到各个分位数以及相关的分布度量,对准备金负债评估的准确性和充足性具有重要的参考价值.研究的对数正态模型是未决赔款准备金评估中的分布模型之一,它假设累计赔款单个进展因子服从对数正态分布,进而将参数Bootstrap方法和非参数Bootstrap方法应用于对数正态模型中,得到了未决赔款准备金的预测分布,并通过精算实务中的数值实例加以实证分析.数值实例由当前国际上日益流行的统计软件R加以实现.  相似文献   

18.
An appropriate and accurate residual life prediction for an asset is essential for cost effective and timely maintenance planning and scheduling. The paper reports the use of expert judgments as the additional information to predict a regularly monitored asset’s residual life. The expert judgment is made on the basis of measured condition monitoring parameters, and is treated as a random variable, which may be described by a probability distribution due to the uncertainty involved. Since most expert judgments are in the form of a set of integer numbers, we can either directly use a discrete distribution or use a continuous distribution after some transformation. A key concept used in this paper is condition residual life where the residual life at the point of checking is conditional on, among others, the past expert judgments made on the same asset to date. Stochastic filtering theory is used to predict the residual life given available expert judgments. Artificial, simulated and real data are used for validating and testing the model developed.  相似文献   

19.
吕靖  王爽 《运筹与管理》2018,27(5):85-94
原油海运网络是原油进口国的海上生命线,为科学衡量网络中节点受到突发事件影响后的原油海运网络的连通可靠性,本文采用不确定变量来描述突发事件发生后各节点的连通性,引入不确定理论对原油海运网络连通可靠性进行评估,并建立了不确定原油海运网络的最可靠路径选择模型。本文不确定变量的引入不再依赖较多的历史数据去描绘节点失效的概率分布,而且提出的最可靠路径选择模型可以确保突发事件发生后原油的及时运输。本文还提出了α-最可靠路径和最大测度最可靠路径选择问题,给出不确定原油海运网络最可靠路径风险值的不确定分布,为突发事件发生后决策者的路径选择提供依据。本文以中国进口原油海运网络为例作案例分析。  相似文献   

20.
考虑到赔付流量三角形数据同一事故年反复观测的纵向特征以及数据结构的层次性,建立了分层广义线性模型.与通常的随机模型相比,分层广义线性模型不但可以选择条件反应变量的分布而且风险参数分布范围也更加广泛.利用h-似然函数估计分层广义线性模型的模型参数,降低了计算量.为使模型具有可比性,评估模型的预测精度,推导了模型预测误差的估计式.为充分利用已知赔付信息,将赔付额和赔付次数两种赔付信息纳入未决赔款准备金评估模型,建立了两阶段分层广义线性模型.在线性预测量中考虑了各种固定效应和随机效应以及模型结构的散布参数,改进了线性预估量结构.研究表明:分层广义线性模型对于数据的各种分布及形式都具有很好的适应性,更加符合保险实务现实的赔付规律.  相似文献   

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