数学的进步

我们从三个侧面来考察现代数学的进步:1.百年难题的破解,2.研究领域的拓展,3.政府民间的关注.头两个方面来自数学内部,第三方面是外部环境.我们不仅可以从数学发展的历史中吸取力量.还可以从中得到许多启迪.1百年难题的破解关于难题的破解,让我们限于最近30年.第     

幂等矩阵的组合的可逆性

本文研究了两个幂等矩阵P与Q的组合aP+bQ-cPQ-dQP-ePQP (其中a,b,c,d,e∈(C),a≠0,b≠0)的可逆性. 利用P-Q的可逆性及幂等矩阵的性质,得到了aP+bQ-cPQ-dQP-ePQP可逆的一些充要条件. 推广了J. J.Koliha 和 V.RakoA(c)eviA(c)[1]及Zuo Kezheng[2]的结论.     

仿酉对称矩阵的构造及对称正交多小波滤波带的参数化

仿酉矩阵在小波、多小波、框架的构造中发挥了重要的作用.本文给出仿酉对称矩阵(简记为p.s.m.)的显式构造算法,其中仿酉对称矩阵是元素为对称或反对称多项式的仿酉矩阵.基于已构造的p.s.m.和已知的正交对称多小波(简记为o.s.m.),给出o.s.m.的参数化.恰当地选择一些参数,可得到具有一些优良性质的o.s.m.,例如Armlet.最后作这一个算例,构造出一类对称的Chui-Lian Armlet滤波带.     

关于广义Kloosterman和的高次均值的一个注记

本文的主要目的是利用三次特征的性质,以及W.Duke,H.Iwaniec,B.J.Birch等人的重要工作来研究广义Kloosterman和的高次均值,并给出一些有趣的计算公式.     

涉及平移函数的亚纯函数唯一性定理的一个注记

改进Heittokangas等最近获得的涉及亚纯函数与其平移函数唯一性的一个结果[J.Heit-tokangas,R.Korhonen,I.Laine,J.Rieppo and J.Zhang,Value sharing results for shifts of mero-morphic function and sufficient conditions for periodicity,J.Math.Anal.Appl.,355（2009）：352-363].     

连通度量空间的映象

拓扑空间X称为s连通,若X不能表示为两个非空的不相交的序列开集之并.本文纠正了A.Fedeli 和A.Le Donne关于连通度量空间映象的错误论证,证明了s连通性可刻画为连通度量空间的连续的序列覆盖映象,从而导出连通的序列空间(或FrEchet空间)可刻画为连通度量空间的商映象(或伪开映象),回答了V.V.Tkachuk在Proc.Amer.Math Soc.上提出的问题.     

测度的微分同测度与单位逼近的卷积的边界渐近性质

文中对通常意义下的核与定义在RN上的有限Borel测度μ作卷积之后得到的u加以讨论,研究了u在边界Arn+1+处的渐近性质.根据μ的对称导数与的性质,得到了同N.A.Watson类似的结果,也就是本文的主要结果.即:当μ为正测度时,u(x,t)(t→0)与μ的对称导数是相互等价的.并由此将N.A.Watson的结果加以推广.     

具有环境污染的随机Lotka-Volterra模型周期解的存在性与种群的灭绝性

种群系统在受到环境噪声干扰的同时,还会受到环境污染的影响.讨论了具有环境污染的非自治随机Lotka-Volterra模型.通过构造Lyapunov函数证明了系统正周期解的存在性.运用Ito公式和鞅的强大数定律给出了种群灭绝的充分条件.通过数值例子验证了所得到的结论.     

关于Thompson的一个结果的注记

本文改进了J .G .Thompson在JournalofCombinatorialTheory ,1 (1 96 6 )中得到的一个有用的引理的结果 .     

框架的强分离性与紧框架的构造

Hilbert空间上框架的分离性概念是由Han与Larson首先提出的.分离框架有很多有用的性质.本文利用强分离紧框架来构造出新的紧框架.特别地,我们将给出一些充分或充要条件使得正规紧框架的算子系数的线性组合是某些特殊的紧框架.并给出一个框架存在界满足一定条件的紧对偶框架的充要条件.最后还讨论了实Hilbert空间中的一些相关问题.     

Boundary-Value Problems of the Theory of Thin and Nonthin Orthotropic Shells with Account of Nonlinearly Elastic Properties and Low Shear Rigidity of Composite Materials

The basic geometric and physical relations and resolving equations of the theory of thin and nonthin orthotropic composite shells with account of nonlinear properties and low shear rigidity of their materials are presented. They are derived based on two theories, namely the theory of anisotropic shells employing the Timoshenko or Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis and the nonlinear theory of elasticity and plasticity of anisotropic media in combination with the Lagrange variational principle. The procedure and algorithm for the numerical solution of nonlinear (linear) problems are based on the method of successive approximations, the difference-variational method, and the Lagrange multiplier method. Calculations of the stress-strain state for a spherical shell with a circular opening loaded with internal pressure are presented. The effect of transverse shear strains and physical nonlinearity of the material on the distribution of maximum deflections and circumferential stresses in the shell, obtained according to two variants of the shell theories, is studied. A comparison of the results of the problem solution in linear and nonlinear statements with and without account of the shell shear strains is given. The numerical data obtained for thin and nonthin (medium thick) composite shells are analyzed.     

Dynamics of coupled systems

A survey in the form of a review of the author’s research results in the area of dynamics of coupled rotations and coupled systems is presented. The theorem on the existence of a trigger of the coupled singularities and the separatrix in the form of the number eight is presented with a few examples of coupled rotations of the simple systems with debalances. Also, a survey of models and dynamics of coupled systems composed of a number of deformable bodies (plates, beams or belts) with different properties of materials and discrete layer properties is presented and mathematically described. The constitutive stress–strain relations for materials of the coupled sandwich structure elements are presented for different properties: elastic, viscoelastic and creeping. The characteristic modes of the coupled system vibrations are obtained and analyzed for different kinds of materials and structure composition. The visualization of the characteristic numbers and modes and eigenamplitude forms are presented. Structural analysis of sandwich structure vibrations is done.     

Effects of permeability and viscosity in linear polymeric gels

We propose and analyze a mathematical model of the mechanics of gels, consisting of the laws of balance of mass and linear momentum of the polymer and liquid components of the gel. We consider a gel to be an immiscible and incompressible mixture of a nonlinearly elastic polymer and a fluid. The problems that we study are motivated by predictions of the life cycle of body‐implantable medical devices. Scaling arguments suggest neglecting inertia terms, and therefore, we consider the quasi‐static approximation to the dynamics. We focus on the linearized system about stress‐free states, uniform expansions, and compressions and derive sufficient conditions for the solvability of the time‐dependent problems. These turn out to be conditions that guarantee local stability of the equilibrium solutions. We also consider non‐stress free equilibria and states with residual stress and derive an energy law for the corresponding time‐dependent system. The conditions that guarantee stability of solutions provide a selection criteria of the material parameters of devices. The boundary conditions that we consider are of two types, displacement‐traction and permeability of the gel surface to the fluid. We address the cases of viscous and inviscid solvent, assume Newtonian dissipation for the polymer component, and establish existence of weak solutions for the different boundary permeability conditions and viscosity assumptions. We present two‐dimensional, finite element numerical simulations to study stress concentration on edges, this being the precursor to debonding of the gel from its substrate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

函数空间多体挠性结构系统动力学、稳定性与控制的研究

利用现代数学方法,在函数空间中研究了一类无穷维系统动力学、稳定性与控制问题。首先提出并建立了具有阻尼、陀螺部件和约束阻尼的多拓扑结构多挠体分布参数系统动力学控制模型;其次给出并论证了多体挠性结构特征、系统分析结果－可控可观性充要条件、稳定性理论和系统的渐近性质。研究的结果扩充和发展了本领域关于多挠体系统动力学与控制的理论成果,具有重要的工程意义。     

The stress driven instability in elastic crystals: Mathematical models and physical manifestations

Summary Equilibrium equations and stability conditions for the simple deformable elastic body are derived by means of considering a minimum of the static energy principle. The energy is supposed to be sum of the volume (elastic) and the surface terms. The ability to change relative positions of different material particles is taken into account, and appropriate natural definitions of the first and second variations of the energy are introduced and calculated explicitly. Considering the case of negligible magnitude of the surface tension, we establish that an equilibrium state of a nonhydrostatically stressed simple elastic body (of any physically reasonable elastic energy potential and of any symmetry) possessing any small smooth part of free surface is always unstable with respect to relative transfer of the material particles along the surface. Surface tension suppresses the mentioned instability with respect to sufficiently short disturbances of the boundary surface and thus can probably provide local smoothness of the equilibrium shape of the crystal. We derive explicit formulas for critical wavelength for the simplest models of the internal and surface energies and for the simplest equilibrium configurations. We also formulate the simplest problem of mathematical physics, revealing peculiarities and difficulties of the problem of equilibrium shape of elastic crystals, and discuss possible manifestations of the above-mentioned instability in the problems of crystal growth, materials science, fracture, physical chemistry, and low-temperature physics.     

道路维修施工路段交通分流信控优化模型

针对道路维修施工期间常采用的部分路面封闭施工且利用辅路进行分流的情形,探讨了交通分流信控优化模型。借助交通流波动理论,分析了施工路段及其前后车流拥挤排队及疏散特征和规律,分析了对车流进行控制需满足的约束,并分析了车流的延误计算公式。以总的车辆行驶时间最小化目标,原路径及分流路径的绿时分配及信号周期为优化参数,考虑交通分流控制的各种约束,建立了道路施工路段交通分流信控优化模型。分析了该模型属于非凸问题,因此提出了一种近似求解最优解的办法。通过一个示例对模型和求解算法进行了验证,并对一些规律性结果进行了分析。     

考虑闲置产能分享参与者利益的平台定价研究

信息技术的快速发展,使得闲置产能的分享逐渐成为生产领域重要的产能利用模式。为研究闲置产能分享时平台的最优定价问题,在平台向供给者收取交易费而对需求者不收费的条件下,首先,建立商业平台和公益平台的基础模型,并对两类平台进行分析和对比;然后,在基础模型之上构建以一定权重考虑其他参与者利益的平台X的定价模型,探讨权重对最优交易费、供需双方的数量以及平台最优利润的影响;最后,用数值例子验证文中重要定理以及权重对供需双方效用产生的影响。研究结果表明:(1)商业平台收取的最优交易费和获得的最优利润均高于公益平台;(2)考虑其他参与者利益的平台X收取的最优交易费和获得的最优利润、需求者(免费方)的数量和效用均随着权重的增加而增加,而供给者(被收费方)的数量及其效用则随着权重的增加而减少。研究结果为平台运营商和企业的行为决策提供理论参考依据。     

On effectiveness of wiretap programs in mapping social networks

Snowball sampling methods are known to be a biased toward highly connected actors and consequently produce core-periphery networks when these may not necessarily be present. This leads to a biased perception of the underlying network which can have negative policy consequences, as in the identification of terrorist networks. When snowball sampling is used, the potential overload of the information collection system is a distinct problem due to the exponential growth of the number of suspects to be monitored. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the effectiveness of a wiretapping program in terms of its ability to map the rapidly evolving networks within a covert organization. By running a series of simulation-based experiments, we are able to evaluate a broad spectrum of information gathering regimes based on a consistent set of criteria. We conclude by proposing a set of information gathering programs that achieve higher effectiveness then snowball sampling, and at a lower cost. Maksim Tsvetovat is an Assistant Professor at the Center for Social Complexity and department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. He received his Ph.D. from the Computation, Organizations and Society program in the School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University. His dissertation was centered on use of artificial intelligence techniques such as planning and semantic reasoning as a means of studying behavior and evolution of complex social networks, such as these of terrorist organizations. He received a Master of Science degree from University of Minnesota with a specialization in Artificial Intelligence and design of Multi-Agent Systems, and has also extensively studied organization theory and social science research methods. His research is centered on building high-fidelity simulations of social and organizational systems using concepts from distributed artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems. Other projects focus on social network analysis for mapping of internal corporate networks or study of covert and terrorist orgnaizations. Maksim’s vita and publications can be found on Kathleen M. Carley is a professor in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University and the director of the center for Compuational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS) which has over 25 members, both students and research staff. Her research combines cognitive science, social networks and computer science to address complex social and organizational problems. Her specific research areas are dynamic network analysis, computational social and organization theory, adaptation and evolution, text mining, and the impact of telecommunication technologies and policy on communication, information diffusion, disease contagion and response within and among groups particularly in disaster or crisis situations. She and her lab have developed infrastructure tools for analyzing large scale dynamic networks and various multi-agent simulation systems. The infrastructure tools include ORA, a statistical toolkit for analyzing and visualizing multi-dimensional networks. ORA results are organized into reports that meet various needs such as the management report, the mental model report, and the intelligence report. Another tool is AutoMap, a text-mining systems for extracting semantic networks from texts and then cross-classifying them using an organizational ontology into the underlying social, knowledge, resource and task networks. Her simulation models meld multi-agent technology with network dynamics and empirical data. Three of the large-scale multi-agent network models she and the CASOS group have developed in the counter-terrorism area are: BioWar a city-scale dynamic-network agent-based model for understanding the spread of disease and illness due to natural epidemics, chemical spills, and weaponized biological attacks; DyNet a model of the change in covert networks, naturally and in response to attacks, under varying levels of information uncertainty; and RTE a model for examining state failure and the escalation of conflict at the city, state, nation, and international as changes occur within and among red, blue, and green forces. She is the founding co-editor with Al. Wallace of the journal Computational Organization Theory and has co-edited several books and written over 100 articles in the computational organizations and dynamic network area. Her publications can be found at: http://www.casos.cs.cmu.edu/bios/carley/publications.php     

城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价指标与评价方法

定量的评判城市老旧居住小区整体交通环境质量并进而科学有效的提出老旧小区交通环境更新与改善措施,对城市老旧居住小区交通环境进行了调查,明确了老旧居住小区存在的突出交通问题,并提出了城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价的指标体系,包括行人跨路出行指数、无人行道路段长度占比、停车泊位供需比、路内非法停车占比、平均停车步行距离、泊位数量户数比、人均步行空间、无障碍通道、盲道设置比例、非机动车泊位供需比、地面停放车辆数小区面积比、外部穿行交通周转量小区面积比等。并给出了具体指标的计算方法与获得办法。以长沙市四个典型老旧居住小区为例,对评价方法进行了论证,并得到城市老旧居住小区存在的一般问题,包括人车混杂、人车交织现象严重,停车泊位短缺、车辆乱停乱放,交通设施、特别是弱势群体交通设施缺乏。给出的评价指标、评价方法与结论可为城市老旧小区改造更新,特别是其中很重要的交通环境更新提供决策依据。     

Dynamics of a small vibro-impact pile driver

A mathematical model is developed to study periodic-impact motions and bifurcations in dynamics of a small vibro-impact pile driver. Dynamics of the small vibro-impact pile driver can be analyzed by means of a three-dimensional map, which describes free flight and sticking solutions of the vibro-impact system, between impacts, supplemented by transition conditions at the instants of impacts. Piecewise property and singularity are found to exist in the Poincaré map. The piecewise property is caused by the transitions of free flight and sticking motions of the driver and the pile immediately after the impact, and the singularity of map is generated via the grazing contact of the driver and the pile immediately before the impact. These properties of the map have been shown to exhibit particular types of sliding and grazing bifurcations of periodic-impact motions under parameter variation. The influence of piecewise property, grazing singularities and parameter variation on the performance of the vibro-impact pile driver is analyzed. The global bifurcation diagrams for the impact velocity of the driver versus the forcing frequency are plotted to predict much of the qualitative behavior of the actual physical system, which enable the practicing engineer to select excitation frequency ranges in which stable period one single-impact response can be expected to occur, and to predict the larger impact velocity and shorter impact period of such response.