Representation of distributions with compact support

Distributions having compact support are represented as the boundary value of Cauchy and Poisson integrals corresponding to tubular radial domains T^C in ⁿ where C is an open convex cone. The Cauchy integral of U is shown to be an analytic function in T^C which satifies a certain boundedness condition. All analytic functions in T^C having this boundedness condition have a distributional boundary value which can be used to determine an distribution. The results are extended to vector valued distributions.     

Linearly ordered groups whose system of convex subgroups is central

The order P on a group G is called rigid if for p P the relation p¦[x, p]¦ P holds for every x G, =±1. In this note we give criteria for the existence of a rigid linear order, for the extendability of a rigid partial order to a rigid linear order, and for the extendability of each rigid partial order to a rigid linear order on a group. It is proved that the class of groups each of whose rigid partial orders can be extended to a rigid linear order is closed with respect to direct products. A new proof of the theorem of M. I. Kargapolov which states that if a group G can be approximated by finite p-groups for infinite number of primes p, then it has a central system of subgroups with torsion-free factors is presented.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 85–90, January, 1976.     

Temps de vie des solutions régulières des équations d'Euler compressibles axisymétriques en dimension deux

Résumé Nous considérons le système des équations d'Euler isentropiques en dimension deux; pour des données initiales invariantes par rotation et perturbations de taille d'un état de repos, on établit un équivalent du temps de vieT de la solution classique (lim ² T = _* ² ).De plus, on donne, pour une estimation de la vraie solution, en calculant la taille de son écart à une solution approchée construite dans un précédent travail.

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Summary We consider the 2D isentropic Euler equations; for rotationnally invariant data which are a perturbation of size of a rest state, we establish the first term asymptotic of the life spanT of the classical solution (lim ² T = _* ² ).Moreover, we give, for an estimate of the true solution, by computing the size of its difference with an approximate solution obtained in a previous work.

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Oblatum 2-XII-1991 & 24-IX-1992     

Über Extremalpunkte des numerischen Wertebereichs eines linearen Operators

For a bounded linear operator T in a Hilbert space denote by (T) the set of the extreme points of its numerical range W(T), and by K(T) the subset of the points of (T) which lie on the boundary of a disc being a spectral set for T in the sense of J. von Neumann. Each corner of W(T) belongs to K(T). This implies: K(T) is dense in (T) if T is compact and the convex hull of its spectrum contains W(T). If Re T0 and o (T) then a necessary and sufficient condition is given that O is a eigenvalue of T. This is applied to show that W(T) (T) is a subset of the point spectrum of T for a class of operators containing the hyponormal operators.     

Construction of ɛ-nets

LetS be a set ofn points in the plane and let be a real number, 0<<1. We give a deterministic algorithm, which in timeO(n ^–2 log(1/)+ ^–8) (resp.O(n ^–2 log(1/)+ ^–10) constructs an-netNS of sizeO((1/) (log(1/))²) for intersections ofS with double wedges (resp. triangles); this means that any double wedge (resp. triangle) containing more thatn points ofS contains a point ofN. This givesO(n logn) deterministic preprocessing for the simplex range-counting algorithm of Haussler and Welzl [HW] (in the plane).We also prove that given a setL ofn lines in the plane, we can cut the plane intoO( ^–2) triangles in such a way that no triangle is intersected by more thann lines ofL. We give a deterministic algorithm for this with running timeO(n ^–2 log(1/)). This has numerous applications in various computational geometry problems.     

Spectral parameter asymptotics of the Weyl solutions of Sturm-Liouville equations

In the paper one investigates the dependence of Weyl's solution ,)=c(,)+n()s(,) of the Sturm-Liouville equation y+q()y=²y on the spectral parameter . Under the condition that the potential q is bounded from below and q()exp(c₀+c[in1 ¦¦), it is proved for {ie217-01} for any positive values and A. If q()>1 and {ie217-02} for all >0, then in the semiplane >0 the Weyl solution (, ) is obtained from the Weyl solution (,x) is obtained from the Weyl solution e^ix with zero potential, with the aid of a generalization of B. Ya Levin's transformation operators.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol. 170, pp. 184–206, 1989.I express my sincere gratitude to L. A. Pastur and I. V. Ostrovskii for valuable advice and discussions.     

On a conjecture of Herzer concerning linear partitions

We prove: Let G be a finite group with a non-trivial partition (G) and a set (G) of subgroups such that any two components of (G) are contained in at least one W with W (G) and W G; then G is a p-group or a Frobenius group.From this we obtain: A finite group with a linear partition can only be an abelian p-group or a Frobenius group.Dedicated to Prof. H. Lenz on the occasion of his 70^th birthday     

Errors in approximate solutions of Cauchy's problem for a first-order quasilinear equation

The proximity is investigated of the solution of Cauchy's problem for the equation u _t +((u))_x= u _xx ((u) > 0) to the solution of Cauchy's problem for the equation u_t+ ((u))_x= 0, when the solution of the latter problem has a finite number of lines of discontinuity in the strip 0 t T. It is proved that, everywhere outside a fixed neighborhood of the lines of discontinuity, we have |u–u| C, where the constant C is independent of. Similar inequalities are derived for the first derivatives of u–u.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 309–320, September, 1970.In conclusion we express our gratitude to L. A. Chudov for his valuable advice concerning this work.     

Effect of cycle asymmetry on the dynamic properties of rubbers in tension

The dynamic properties of rubbers have been investigated at large extensions in asymmetric cycles. Methods of calculating the characteristics of the elastic C and hysteretic A properties of rubbers in two regimes are presented: 1) when the harmonic strain amplitude ₀ and the mean strain are given; 2) when the harmonic displacement amplitude w₀ of the rubber specimen and a spring dynamometer connected in series and the static load Q_st are given. It is shown that in the case of vulcanizates based on crystallizing rubbers and active fillers in the region of strains ₀, and loads Q_st causing crystallization during extension C and A increase with increase in ₀, , and Q_st. The variation of C and A with ₀, , and Q_st is qualitatively different for different types of deformation.Scientific-Research Institute of the Tire Industry, Moscow. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 682–687, July–August, 1968.     

Lower semicontinuity of attractors of gradient systems and applications

Summary For 0₀, let T(t), t0, be a family of semigroups on a Banach space X with local attractors A. Under the assumptions that T₀(t) is a gradient system with hyperbolic equilibria and T(t) converges to T₀(t) in an appropriate sense, it is shown that the attractors {A, 0₀} are lower-semicontinuous at zero. Applications are given to ordinary and functional differential equations, parabolic partial differential equations and their space and time discretizations. We also give an estimate of the Hausdorff distance between A and A₀, in some examples.Research supported by U.S. Army Research Office DAAL-03-86-K-0074 and the National Science Foundation DMS-8507056.     

Isolation theorem for forms corresponding to purely real algebraic fields

Let M be the complete module of a purely real algebraic field of degree n 3, let be a lattice in this module, and let F(X) be its form. We use to denote any lattice for which we have = , where is a nondiagonal matrix for which – I . With each lattice we can associate a factorizable formF (X) in a natural manner. We denote the complete set of forms corresponding to the set {} by {F (X)}. It is proved that for any > 0 there exists an > 0 such that for eachF (X) {F } we have |F (X₀₎| for some integer vector X₀ 0.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol. 185, pp. 5–12, 1990.In conclusion, the author would like to express his deep gratitude to B. F. Skubenko for stating the problem and for his constant attention.     

A note on quasi-periodic solutions of some elliptic systems

We extend a recent method of proof of a theorem by Kolmogorov on the conservation of quasi-periodic motion in Hamiltonian systems so as to prove existence of (uncountably many) real-analytic quasi-periodic solutions for elliptic systems u=f _x (u, y), whereu y ^M u(y) ^N ,f=f(x, y) is a real-analytic periodic function and is a small parameter. Kolmogorov's theorem is obtained (in a special case) whenM=1 while the caseN=1 is (a special case of) a theorem by J. Moser on minimal foliations of codimension 1 on a torusT ^M +1. In the autonomous case,f=f(x), the above result holds for any .     

On some approximately balanced combinatorial cooperative games

A model of taxation for cooperativen-person games is introduced where proper coalitions Are taxed proportionally to their value. Games with non-empty core under taxation at rate-balanced. Sharp bounds on in matching games (not necessarily bipartite) graphs are estabLished. Upper and lower bounds on the smallest in bin packing games are derived and euclidean random TSP games are seen to be, with high probability,-balanced for0.06.     

On Logarithmic Smoothing of the Maximum Function

We consider the maximum function f resulting from a finite number of smooth functions. The logarithmic barrier function of the epigraph of f gives rise to a smooth approximation g of f itself, where >0 denotes the approximation parameter. The one-parametric family g converges – relative to a compact subset – uniformly to the function f as tends to zero. Under nondegeneracy assumptions we show that the stationary points of g and f correspond to each other, and that their respective Morse indices coincide. The latter correspondence is obtained by establishing smooth curves x() of stationary points for g , where each x() converges to the corresponding stationary point of f as tends to zero. In case of a strongly unique local minimizer, we show that the nondegeneracy assumption may be relaxed in order to obtain a smooth curve x().     

Parametrices for operators of tricomi type

Sunto Si costruisce una parametrice per il problema di Dirichlet relativo ad operatori P del tipo (1/i(/t))² + t_x, nella regione t0. Tenuto conto che per tali operatori è nota la parametrice del problema di Cauchy nella regione t 0, ciò consente di costruire una soluzione (modO ) dell'equazione Pu=f , t (–T, T), T>0.     

Properties of the Mappings That Are Close to the Harmonic Mappings. II

We continue studying the mappings that are close to the harmonic mappings (-quasiharmonic mappings with small). This study originates with the previous articles of the author. The results of the article include a theorem on connection between the notion of -quasiharmonic mapping and the solutions to Beltrami systems, an analog to the arithmetic mean property of harmonic functions for -quasiharmonic mappings, a theorem on stability in the Poisson formula for harmonic mappings in the ball, and a theorem on the local smoothing of -quasiharmonic mappings with small which preserves proximity to the harmonic mappings.     

Characterization of Dirichlet Forms by their Excessive and Co–Excessive Elements

It is proved that if S, T are two elliptic Dirichlet operators on an ordered Hilbert space such that the excessive (resp. coexcessive) elements with respect to S and T are the same then there exists > 0 with T = S. Particularly if , are two elliptic Dirichlet forms on L² ( ) having the same domain of definition and the same -excessive (resp. -coexcessive) elements for any > 0 then = .     

A result from diophantine approximation which has applications in economics

We say that a real number allows poor approximations if we can find 0<=()<1 and a sequence of integers n₁2<... such that for all rationals p/q with qn. we have |–.p/q| > Kn _j ^–l– where K is a constant depending only on .In this note we prove that the set of numbers which allow poor approximations are precisely the very well-approximable numbers.The existence of numbers with poor approximations has been used by Cheng [1] to show the existence of a dense set of economies whose cone converges to the Walras equilibrium as slowly as 0(n^–1/2–) after n replications.     

The generalized inverse of a perturbed singular matrix

It is shown that, whenA is singular, (A+A ₁)^–1 can be expanded into a Laurent's series in. The coefficients of the expansion are given in an explicit form. The case where A+A ₁ vanishes identically in is also studied and a generalized inverse ofA+A ₁ is given.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß wennA singulär ist (A+A ₁)^–1 auf eine Laurent-Serie in erweitert werden kann. Die Koeffizienten der Erweiterung werden in expliziter Form gegeben. Der Fall wo A+A ₁ sich identisch in auflöst wird ebenfalls untersucht und eine verallgemeinerte Umkehrung vonA+A ₁ wird angegeben.

     

Range of the posterior probability of an interval for priors with unimodality preserving contaminations

Range of the posterior probability of an interval over the -contamination class ={=(1–)₀+q:qQ} is derived. Here, ₀ is the elicited prior which is assumed unimodal, is the amount of uncertainty in ₀, andQ is the set of all probability densitiesq for which =(1–)₀+q is unimodal with the same mode as that of ₀. We show that the sup (resp. inf) of the posterior probability of an interval is attained by a prior which is equal to (1–)₀ except in one interval (resp. two disjoint intervals) where it is constant.