基于工时优化的柔性生产人员配置模型及算法

为满足企业工时优化和提高运营效益的内在需求,针对柔性生产,以合理人工配置和最佳作业排序为目标建立了数学模型,并设计了递阶启发式搜索算法.根据组合并联作业结构特性,采用遗传算法优化子层作业的人工配置和作业工时,并将子层作业视为父层作业的相似阶段采用动态规划法决策父层的最优工时.在上述优化工作的基础上再利用改进蚁群算法,将其等效为具有m台处理机、目标函数为最优工时的流水车间作业排序问题,利用优先调度算法确定能见度因子并通过仿真和灵敏度分析优化了算法参数,最终生成最优作业排序计划.对实例问题的求解证明了研究模型和算法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

汽车租赁调度多目标优化模型

本文考虑一个周期的汽车租赁调度问题,在直接调运的前提下,首先以汽车租赁公司的总收益最大和总短缺损失最小为目标,建立多目标优化模型;然后提出了基于启发式的双层排序综合择优算法;最后对汽车租赁案例进行了实证研究。     

流水车间作业排序问题蚁群算法研究

本文运用蚁群算法研究辨台处理机、目标函数为时间表长最小的同顺序排列流水车间作业排序问题，设计出解决该问题的算法步骤与流程。最后，通过仿真比较该算法与解决该问题的其它启发式算法性能，计算效果比较满意。     

置换流水车间调度问题的中心引力优化算法求解

目前求解置换流水车间调度问题的智能优化算法都是随机型优化方法,存在的一个问题是解的稳定性较差。针对该问题,本文给出一种确定型智能优化算法——中心引力优化算法的求解方法。为处理基本中心引力优化算法对初始解选择要求高的问题,利用低偏差序列生成初始解,提高初始解质量;利用加速度和位置迭代方程更新解的状态;利用两位置交换排序法进行局部搜索,提高算法的优化性能。采用置换流水车间调度问题标准测试算例进行数值实验,并和基本中心引力优化算法、NEH启发式算法、微粒群优化算法和萤火虫算法进行比较。结果表明该算法不仅具有更好的解的稳定性,而且具有更高的计算精度,为置换流水车间调度问题的求解提供了一种可行有效的方法。     

带序约束的恒同机分批作业排序问题

研究一类由林诒勋教授提出的带序约束的恒同机分批作业排序问题，证明了这类排序问题均是ＮＰ—困难的，给出了其执行比为３２的一种启发式算法。     

建筑废料现场分拣协调调度优化研究

工程项目施工现场废料分拣的效率对施工进度具有重要的影响。通过分析现场废料分拣实施过程,建立了带有限中间缓冲的混合流水车间调度模型。提出了收集阶段作业排序的动态自适应算法和后续设备分配问题的考虑缓冲区的设备分配规则,在此基础上设计了废料分拣模型的启发式算法,平衡各分区工作量,进一步搜索最优解,并推导了问题的一个低界。实验结果表明,所提出算法能很好地对施工现场废料分拣问题进行求解,具有良好的收敛性和较高的时间效率。     

并行加工系统中的一种排序算法

通过对现有单机和相同机组并行加工系统排序问题的研究，建立了一类多机非相同机组并行加工系统的排序模型，模型的优化目标是工件排序的拖期总数为极小。由于已经证明它是一个NP问题，本提出了一个针对该问题的快速、实用的启发式排序算法，并用实例说明了算法的有效性。     

自适应蚁群算法在双向生产车间调度中的应用

本文将蚁群算法与双向调度算法结合，用以解决以生产周期和关键工件交货期为优化目标的车间作业调度问题。在传统的蚁群算法的基础上自适应调整挥发系数ρ，采用新的启发式信息——机床利用率来定义能见度函数，ηij（t），采用了新的allowed表更新方式。最后通过仿真实验证实了本文的自适应蚁群算法在车间作业的双向调度中优于现在广泛采用的遗传算法。     

具有两台专用机,两台通用机的Q4／／Cmax问题的近似算法

本文讨论具有两台专用机、两台通用机的两组工件的同种类平行机的Q4／／Cmax问题，对这类特殊的排序问题，提出一种启发式算法，得到了最差情况下性能指标的严格的界．     

求解柔性作业车间调度问题的混合分布估计算法

针对柔性作业车间调度问题,提出了一种有效的混合分布估计算法.算法采用基于排序的编码和解码方法.为了保持种群多样性,采用k-均值聚类方法对种群进行分簇,从各子簇中选取具有代表性的若干个体组成优势种群以建立描述问题解空间分布的概率模型,该优势种群包含了全局统计信息及个体特征信息,利用变邻域搜技术优化种群中的最佳个体,避免其陷入局部最优.最后,通过算例仿真,表明算法具有良好的全局搜索能力和局部求精能力.     

柔性作业车间调度与视情维修的联合决策

针对设备状态可直接或间接检测获得的生产系统,提出柔性作业车间调度和视情维修的联合策略,决策变量分别为调度序列与视情维修序列,并建立两者的联合决策模型。进而根据联合策略,推导了相应的概率密度函数。通过数值分析,对比联合决策与独立决策的优化结果,表明了所建模型的有效性,并进行设备劣化参数的敏感度分析,验证了模型的正确性。     

Genetic algorithm-based subproblem solution procedures for a modified shifting bottleneck heuristic for complex job shops

In this paper, we consider a modified shifting bottleneck heuristic for complex job shops. The considered job shop environment contains parallel batching machines, machines with sequence-dependent setup times and reentrant process flows. Semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities (Wafer Fabs) are typical examples for manufacturing systems with these characteristics. Our primary performance measure is total weighted tardiness (TWT). The shifting bottleneck heuristic uses a disjunctive graph to decompose the overall scheduling into scheduling problems for single tool groups. The scheduling algorithms for these scheduling problems are called subproblem solution procedures (SSPs). In previous research, only subproblem solution procedures based on dispatching rules have been considered. In this paper, we are interested in how much we can gain in terms of TWT if we apply more sophisticated subproblem solution procedures like genetic algorithms for parallel machine scheduling. We conduct simulation experiments in a dynamic job shop environment in order to assess the performance of the suggested subproblem solution procedures. It turns out that using near to optimal subproblem solution procedures leads in many situations to improved results compared to dispatching-based subproblem solution procedures.     

Learning and forgetting effects on a group scheduling problem

This paper proposes to investigate learning and forgetting effects on the problem of scheduling families of jobs on a single machine to minimize total completion time of jobs. A setup time is incurred whenever the single machine transfers job processing from a family to another family. To analyze the impact of learning and forgetting on this group scheduling problem, we structure three basic models and make some comparisons through computational experiments. The three models, including no forgetting, total forgetting and partial forgetting, assume that the processing time of a job is dependent on its position in a schedule. Some scheduling rules and a lower bound are derived in order to constitute our branch-and-bound algorithm for searching an optimal sequence. In addition, an efficient and simply-structured heuristic is also built to find a near-optimal schedule.     

A variable neighbourhood search for hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem with rework and set-up times

This paper deals with hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem with rework. In this problem, jobs are inspected at the last stage, and poorly processed jobs were returned and processed again. Thus, a job may visit a stage more than once, and we have a hybrid flow-shop with re-entrant flow. This kind of a shop may occur in many industries, such as final inspection system in automotive manufacturing. The criterion is to minimize the makespan of the system. We developed a 0–1 mixed-integer program of the problem. Since the hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem is NP-hard, an algorithm for finding an optimal solution in polynomial time does not exist. So we generalized some heuristic methods based on several basic dispatching rules and proposed a variable neighbourhood search (VNS) for the problem with sequence-dependent set-up times and unrelated parallel machines. The computational experiments show that VNS provides better solutions than heuristic methods.     

Job shop scheduling with beam search

Beam Search is a heuristic method for solving optimization problems. It is an adaptation of the branch and bound method in which only some nodes are evaluated in the search tree. At any level, only the promising nodes are kept for further branching and remaining nodes are pruned off permanently. In this paper, we develop a beam search based scheduling algorithm for the job shop problem. Both the makespan and mean tardiness are used as the performance measures. The proposed algorithm is also compared with other well known search methods and dispatching rules for a wide variety of problems. The results indicate that the beam search technique is a very competitive and promising tool which deserves further research in the scheduling literature.     

Generalization of Johnson's and Talwar's scheduling rules in two-machine stochastic flow shops

The paper deals with the classical problem of minimizing the makespan in a two-machine flow shop. When the job processing times are deterministic, the optimal job sequence can be determined by applying Johnson's rule. When they are independent and exponential random variables, Talwar's rule yields a job sequence that minimizes the makespan stochastically. Assuming that the random job processing times are independent and Gompertz distributed, we propose a new scheduling rule that is a generalization of both Johnson's and Talwar's rules. We prove that our rule yields a job sequence that minimizes the makespan stochastically. Extensions to m-machine proportionate stochastic flow shops, two-machine stochastic job shops, and stochastic assembly systems are indicated.     

具有学习效应和加工时间可控的平行机排序问题

本文研究了一类不相关平行机的排序问题,在该问题中工件的加工时间既具有学习效应,又资源可控,也就是说在该问题模型中,工件的实际加工时间为其正常的加工时间、加工过程中工件所处位置以及加工时间可控这些变量的函数。该研究的目的是为使得总机器负载和总的控制费用的加权和最小以及总的完工时间和总的控制费用的加权和最小。文章通过对问题的相关性质的分析和证明找到了一个解决问题的最优化算法,并且也证明了在处理机的数量给定的条件下,该问题的时间复杂性为O(n^m+2),最后也给出了相应的数值例子来阐述该问题。     

具有机器适用限制的分布式置换流水车间问题的模型与算法

考虑具有机器适用限制的多个不同置换流水车间的调度问题. 机器适用限制指的是每个工件只能分配到其可加工工厂集合. 所有置换流水车间拥有的机器数相同但是具有不同的加工能力. 首先, 针对该问题建立了基于位置的混合整数线性规划模型; 进而, 对一般情况和三种特殊情况给出了具有较小近似比的多项式时间算法. 其次, 基于NEH方法提出了启发式算法NEHg, 并给出了以NEHg为上界的分支定界算法. 最后, 通过例子说明了NEHg启发式算法和分支定界算法的计算过程, 并进行大量的实验将NEHg与NEH算法结果进行比较, 从而验证了NEHg算法的有效性.     

带准备时间的单机指数时间学习效应排序问题

研究带有准备时间的单机学习效应模型,其中工件加工时间具有指数时间学习效应,即工件的实际加工时间是已经排好的工件加工时间的指数函数。学习效应模型考虑工件的实际加工时间同时依赖于工件本身的加工时间和已加工工件的累计加工时间,目标函数为最小化总完工时间。这个问题是NP-难的,提出了一个数学规划模型来求解该问题的最优解。通过分析几个优势性质和下界,提出分支定界算法来求解此问题,并设计启发式算法改进分支定界算法的上界值。通过仿真实验验证了分支定界算法在求解质量和时间方面的有效性。     

Learning heuristics for basic block instruction scheduling

Instruction scheduling is an important step for improving the performance of object code produced by a compiler. A fundamental problem that arises in instruction scheduling is to find a minimum length schedule for a basic block—a straight-line sequence of code with a single entry point and a single exit point—subject to precedence, latency, and resource constraints. Solving the problem exactly is known to be difficult, and most compilers use a greedy list scheduling algorithm coupled with a heuristic. The heuristic is usually hand-crafted, a potentially time-consuming process. In contrast, we present a study on automatically learning good heuristics using techniques from machine learning. In our study, a recently proposed optimal basic block scheduler was used to generate the machine learning training data. A decision tree learning algorithm was then used to induce a simple heuristic from the training data. The automatically constructed decision tree heuristic was compared against a popular critical-path heuristic on the SPEC 2000 benchmarks. On this benchmark suite, the decision tree heuristic reduced the number of basic blocks that were not optimally scheduled by up to 55% compared to the critical-path heuristic, and gave improved performance guarantees in terms of the worst-case factor from optimality.