Some of Commutators on Spaces of Homogeneous Type

§ 1.Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｌｅｔａｂｅａｍｅａｓｕｒａｂｌｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｂｅａ φ∈Ｓ(Ｒ)ｎｏｎｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ,ａｎｄ 0 <ｒ <∞ .Ｄｅｆｉｎｅｃｏｍｍｕｔａｔｏｒｓａｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ :Ｃｒａ( ｆ) (ｘ) =ｓｕｐｘ∈Ｑ1｜Ｑ｜∫Ｑ｜ａ(ｘ) -ａ( ｙ) ｜ｒ｜ｆ( ｙ) ｜ｄｙ ,( 1 .1 )ａｎｄΦｒａ( ｆ) (ｘ) =ｓｕｐε>0∫Ｒｎ｜ａ(ｘ) -ａ( ｙ) ｜ｒφε( ｜ｘ- ｙ｜)｜ｆ( ｙ) ｜ｄｙ ,( 1 .2 )ｗｈｅｒｅＱｄｅｎｏｔｅｓａｃｕｂｅａｎｄφε(ｔ) =1εｎφ ｔε .Ｔｈｅｓｅｔｗｏｏｐｅｒａｔ…     

EXISTENCE TIME FOR THE SEMILINEAR SCHR?DINGER EQUATION

§ 1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ ,ｗｅｗｉｌｌｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈｅｓｅｍｉｌｉｎｅａｒＳｃｈｒ ｄｉｎｇｅｒｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎｏｎｅｓｐａｃｅｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｙｐｅｕｔ-ｉｕｘｘ =Ｆ(ｕ) .　 (ｘ ,ｔ)∈Ｒ×Ｒ+,( 1 )ｕ(ｘ ,0 ) =ｕ0 ,　ｘ ∈Ｒ ,( 2 )ｗｈｅｒｅｕ =ｕ(ｘ ,ｔ)ｉｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ ｖａｌｕｅｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ,ａｎｄＦｉｓａｓｍｏｏｔｈｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｕｓｕｃｈｔｈａｔ｜Ｆ(ｕ) ｜ =Ｏ( ｜ｕ｜α+1)ｆｏｒ |ｕ|ｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙｓｍａｌｌａｎｄ…     

Pointwise Estimate for Baskakov Operators

§ 1.Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｗｅｌｌ ｋｎｏｗｎＢｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎｐｏｌｙｎｏｍｉａｌＢｎ(ｆ;ｘ) = ｎｋ=0ｆ ｋｎ ｐｎ,ｋ(ｘ) ,　ｐｎ ,ｋ(ｘ) =ｎｋ ｘｋ( 1 -ｘ) ｎ-ｋ,ＢｅｒｅｎｓａｎｄＬｏｒｅｎｔｚ[1]ｐｒｏｖｅｄｔｈａｔｆｏｒｆ∈Ｃ[0 ,1 ] ,0 <α<2 ,ｏｎｅｈａｓ｜ (Ｂｎｆ-ｆ) (ｘ) ｜=Ｏ ｘ( 1 -ｘ)ｎα/ 2 ω2 (ｆ;ｔ) =Ｏ(ｔα) . ( 1 .1 )Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ ,ＤｉｔｚｉａｎａｎｄＴｏｔｉｋ[2 ]ｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｔｈａｔｆｏｒｆ∈Ｃ[0 ,1 ] ,0 <α<2 ,ｏｎｅｈａｓ｜ (Ｂｎｆ -ｆ)…     

Young Measure Solutions of a Class of Singular Diffusion Equations

Ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｎｉｔｉａｌ ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｖａｌｕｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ ｕ ｔ=ｄｉｖ ｑ( ｕ) ,　 (ｘ,ｔ) ∈ＱＴ,(1 )ｕ(ｘ,ｔ) =0 ,　 (ｘ,ｔ) ∈ Ω× (0 ,Ｔ) ,(2 )ｕ(ｘ,0 ) =ｕ0 (ｘ) ,　ｘ∈Ω ,(3 )ｗｈｅｒｅΩｉｓａｂｏｕｎｄｅｄｄｏｍａｉｎｉｎＲＮｗｉｔｈｓｍｏｏｔｈｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙ Ω ,ＱＴ=Ω× (0 ,Ｔ) , ｑ = φ ,φ∈Ｃ1(ＲＮ) ,ａｎｄ φ , ｑｓａｔｉｓｆｙｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ(λ｜ξ｜1+δ-1 ) +≤ φ(ξ) ≤Λ｜ξ｜1+δ+ 1 ,　 ξ∈ＲＮ,(4 )｜ ｑ(ξ) …     

课外练习

高一年级1 .设ｘ ,ｙ为实数 ,且满足 (ｘ - 1 ) 3 + 2 0 0 3 (ｘ - 1 ) + 1 =0 ,(ｙ- 1 ) 3 + 2 0 0 3 (ｙ- 1 ) - 1 =0 .求ｘ + ｙ的值 .2 .已知锐角α ,β满足 ｓｉｎαｃｏｓβ2 0 0 2 + ｓｉｎβｃｏｓα2 0 0 2 =2 .求ｓｉｎ2 0 0 2 (α + β)的值 .3 .过正方形ＡＢＣＤ的顶点Ａ作ＰＡ⊥平面ＡＢＣＤ .设ＰＡ =ＡＢ =ａ .求平面ＰＡＢ与平面ＰＣＤ所成二面角的大小 .高二年级1 .设数列 { 1ｎ}的前ｎ项和为Ｓｎ,是否存在数列 {ａｎ}使得等式Ｓ1 +Ｓ2 +… +Ｓｎ - 1 =ａｎ(Ｓｎ- 1 )对ｎ≥2的一切自然数都成立 ,并证明你的结论 .2 .ＡＢ…     

Periodic Solutions of Porous Medium Equations with Weakly Nonlinear Sources

§ 1.Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｒｏｕｓｍｅｄｉｕｍｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｗｅａｋｌｙｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＤｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｖａｌｕｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｎａｍｅｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ ｕ ｔ =Δ(｜ｕ｜ｍ- 1ｕ) +Ｂ(ｘ ,ｔ,ｕ) +ｆ(ｘ ,ｔ)　ｉｎΩ×Ｒ ,(1 .1 )ｕ(ｘ ,ｔ) =0　ｏｎ Ω×Ｒ , (1 .2 )ｕ(ｘ ,ｔ+ω) =ｕ(ｘ ,ｔ)　ｉｎ Ω×Ｒ ,…     

数学问题解答

20 0 1年 8月号问题解答(解答由问题提供人给出 )1 3 2 6　设ｍ >0 ,ｎ >0 ,α∈ (0 ,π2 ) ,求证 :ｍｓｅｃα ｎｃｓｃα≥ (ｍ23 ｎ23) 32 .(江苏省灌云县中学　朱兆和　 2 2 2 2 0 0 )证明　设点Ｐ的坐标为 (ｍ ,ｎ) ,直线ｌ过点Ｐ ,倾角为π-α ,ｌ与ｘ、ｙ轴的正半轴分别交于点Ａ、Ｂ(如图 ) .则 ｜ＰＡ｜ =ｎｓｉｎα,｜ＰＢ｜ =ｍｃｏｓα则 ｜ＡＢ｜ =｜ＰＡ｜ ｜ＰＢ｜=ｍｓｅｃα ｎｃｓｃα .又设Ａ(ａ ,0 ) ,Ｂ(0 ,ｂ) ,则直线ｌ的方程为 ｘａ ｙｂ =1 ,ｌ过Ｐ(ｍ ,ｎ) ,所以 ｍａ ｎｂ =1 .｜ＡＢ｜2 =ａ2 ｂ2 =(ａ2 ｂ2…     

求分式函数值域的方法

我们把形如ｆ(x) =(ｄx~2 +ｅｘ + ｆ)/(ａx~2 +ｂx+ｃ)(分子分母既约 ,ａ、ｄ不同时为零 )的函数称为二次分式函数 .下面举例说明二次分式函数值域的求法 .问题求函数 ｆ(ｘ) =ｘ + 22ｘ2 + 3ｘ + 6 的值域 .我们可以把函数式变形为ｆ (ｘ) =ｄｘ2 +ｅｘ+ ｆａｘ2 +ｂｘ +ｃ=ｍ(ｘ +ｎ)ｘ2 + ｐｘ+ ｑ+ｈ的形式 ,而ｇ(ｘ) =ｘ +ｎｘ2 + ｐｘ + ｑ=ｘ +ｎ(ｘ +ｎ) 2 +ｒ(ｘ+ｎ) +ｓ(ｓ≠ 0 ) .当ｘ +ｎ =0时 ,则易得 ｇ(ｘ) =0 ;当ｘ +ｎ≠ 0时 ,继续变形为 ｇ(ｘ) =1(ｘ +ｎ) + ｓｘ +ｎ+ｒ=1ｈ(ｔ) +ｒ,其中ｔ =ｘ +ｎ ,ｈ(ｔ) =ｔ + ｓｔ…     

上期课外练习解答

高一年级1.设 ｆ(ｔ) =ｔ3 +2 0 0 3ｔ,易证 ｆ(ｔ)在Ｒ上是奇函数且递增函数 ,由题意可知 :ｆ(ｘ - 1) =- 1,　ｆ(ｙ - 1) =1.即　ｆ(ｘ - 1) =-ｆ( ｙ - 1) =ｆ( 1-ｙ) .∴　ｘ - 1=1-ｙ ,故ｘ +ｙ =2 .2 .由条件知 :ｓｉｎαｃｏｓβ2 0 0 2 ,ｓｉｎβｃｏｓα2 0 0 2 中必有一个不大于 1,一个不小于 1.不妨设　 ｓｉｎαｃｏｓβ2 0 0 2 ≤ 1,　 ｓｉｎβｃｏｓα2 0 0 2 ≥ 1.∵　α ,β∈ ( 0 ,π2 ) ,又ｙ=ｓｉｎｘ在 ( 0 ,π2 )上递增 .∴　ｓｉｎα≤ｃｏｓβ且ｓｉｎβ≥ｃｏｓα .∴　ｓｉｎα≤ｓｉｎ( π2 - β)且ｓｉｎβ≥ｓ…     

THE EXISTENCE OF HOMOCLINIC ORBITS FOR HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITH THE POTENTIALS CHANGING SIGN

§1.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＭａｉｎＲｅｓｕｌｔｓ　　ＷｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈｅＨａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉａｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ¨ｑ-Ｌ(ｔ)ｑ Ｖ′(ｔ,ｑ)=0,(ＨＳ)ｗｈｅｒｅ(ｔ,ｑ)∈Ｒ×ＲＮ,¨ｑ=ｄ2ｄｔ2ｑ,Ｖ′(ｔ,ｑ)ｄｅｎｏｔｅｓｔｈｅｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｏｆＶ(ｔ,ｑ)ｗｉｔｈｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｔｏｑ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃｍａｔｒｉｘＬ(ｔ)ｉｓａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｏｓａｔｉｓｆｙ:(Ｌ)Ｌ(ｔ)∈Ｃ(Ｒ,ＲＮ2)ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｅｘｉｓｔｓλ>0ｓｕｃｈｔｈａｔＬ(ｔ)ｘ·ｘλ｜ｘ｜2,(ｔ,ｘ)∈Ｒ×ＲＮ.Ｗｅａｓｓｕｍ…     

Regularized additive operator-difference schemes

The construction of additive operator-difference (splitting) schemes for the approximate solution Cauchy problem for the first-order evolutionary equation is considered. Unconditionally stable additive schemes are constructed on the basis of the Samarskii regularization principle for operator-difference schemes. In the case of arbitrary multicomponent splitting, these schemes belong to the class of additive full approximation schemes. Regularized additive operator-difference schemes for evolutionary problems are constructed without the assumption that the regularizing operator and the operator of the problem are commutable. Regularized additive schemes with double multiplicative perturbation of the additive terms of the problem’s operator are proposed. The possibility of using factorized multicomponent splitting schemes, which can be used for the approximate solution of steadystate problems (finite difference relaxation schemes) are discussed. Some possibilities of extending the proposed regularized additive schemes to other problems are considered.     

波动方程两种哈密顿型蛙跳格式

1.构造格式 考虑如下波动方程 u_(tt)=u_(xx) (1.1)的初边值问题,设其边界条件为周期的,即在此条件下,解具有周期性.(1.1)有二种namilton形式.一种是经典形式:     

Construction of splitting schemes based on transition operator approximation

The stability analysis of approximate solutions to unsteady problems for partial differential equations is usually based on the use of the canonical form of operator-difference schemes. Another possibility widely used in the analysis of methods for solving Cauchy problems for systems of ordinary differential equations is associated with the estimation of the norm of the transition operator from the current time level to a new one. The stability of operator-difference schemes for a first-order model operator-differential equation is discussed. Primary attention is given to the construction of additive schemes (splitting schemes) based on approximations of the transition operator. Specifically, classical factorized schemes, componentwise splitting schemes, and regularized operator-difference schemes are related to the use of a certain multiplicative transition operator. Additive averaged operator-difference schemes are based on an additive representation of the transition operator. The construction of second-order splitting schemes in time is discussed. Inhomogeneous additive operator-difference schemes are constructed in which various types of transition operators are used for individual splitting operators.     

On compact approximations of divergence differential equations

A method for the construction of compact difference schemes approximating divergence differential equations is proposed. The schemes have an arbitrarily prescribed order of approximation on general stencils. It is shown that the construction of such schemes for partial differential equations is based on special compact schemes approximating ordinary differential equations in several independent functions. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the coefficients of these schemes with high order of approximation are obtained. Examples of reconstruction of compact difference schemes for partial differential equations with these schemes are given. It is shown that such compact difference schemes have the same order of accuracy both for classical approximations on smooth solutions and weak approximations on discontinuous solutions.     

Additive schemes for certain operator-differential equations

Unconditionally stable finite difference schemes for the time approximation of first-order operator-differential systems with self-adjoint operators are constructed. Such systems arise in many applied problems, for example, in connection with nonstationary problems for the system of Stokes (Navier-Stokes) equations. Stability conditions in the corresponding Hilbert spaces for two-level weighted operator-difference schemes are obtained. Additive (splitting) schemes are proposed that involve the solution of simple problems at each time step. The results are used to construct splitting schemes with respect to spatial variables for nonstationary Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid. The capabilities of additive schemes are illustrated using a two-dimensional model problem as an example.     

Arbitrary-order difference schemes for solving linear advection equations with constant coefficients by the Godunov method with antidiffusion

An approach to the construction of second-and higher order accurate difference schemes in time and space is described for solving the linear one-and multidimensional advection equations with constant coefficients by the Godunov method with antidiffusion. The differential approximations for schemes of up to the fifth order are constructed and written. For multidimensional advection equations with constant coefficients, it is shown that Godunov schemes with splitting over spatial variables are preferable, since they have a smaller truncation error than schemes without splitting. The high resolution and efficiency of the difference schemes are demonstrated using test computations.     

High-order compact solvers for the three-dimensional Poisson equation

New compact approximation schemes for the Laplace operator of fourth- and sixth-order are proposed. The schemes are based on a Padé approximation of the Taylor expansion for the discretized Laplace operator. The new schemes are compared with other finite difference approximations in several benchmark problems. It is found that the new schemes exhibit a very good performance and are highly accurate. Especially on large grids they outperform noncompact schemes.     

SM-stability of operator-difference schemes

The spectral mimetic (SM) properties of operator-difference schemes for solving the Cauchy problem for first-order evolutionary equations concern the time evolution of individual harmonics of the solution. Keeping track of the spectral characteristics makes it possible to select more appropriate approximations with respect to time. Among two-level implicit schemes of improved accuracy based on Padé approximations, SM-stability holds for schemes based on polynomial approximations if the operator in an evolutionary equation is self-adjoint and for symmetric schemes if the operator is skew-symmetric. In this paper, additive schemes (also called splitting schemes) are constructed for evolutionary equations with general operators. These schemes are based on the extraction of the self-adjoint and skew-symmetric components of the corresponding operator.     

Alternating triangular schemes for convection–diffusion problems

Explicit–implicit approximations are used to approximate nonstationary convection–diffusion equations in time. In unconditionally stable two-level schemes, diffusion is taken from the upper time level, while convection, from the lower layer. In the case of three time levels, the resulting explicit–implicit schemes are second-order accurate in time. Explicit alternating triangular (asymmetric) schemes are used for parabolic problems with a self-adjoint elliptic operator. These schemes are unconditionally stable, but conditionally convergent. Three-level modifications of alternating triangular schemes with better approximating properties were proposed earlier. In this work, two- and three-level alternating triangular schemes for solving boundary value problems for nonstationary convection–diffusion equations are constructed. Numerical results are presented for a two-dimensional test problem on triangular meshes, such as Delaunay triangulations and Voronoi diagrams.     

Discontinuous mixed penalty-free Galerkin method for second-order quasilinear elliptic equations

Discrete schemes for finding an approximate solution of the Dirichlet problem for a second-order quasilinear elliptic equation in conservative form are investigated. The schemes are based on the discontinuous Galerkin method (DG schemes) in a mixed formulation and do not involve internal penalty parameters. Error estimates typical of DG schemes with internal penalty are obtained. A new result in the analysis of the schemes is that they are proved to satisfy the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi condition (inf-sup) condition.