On stabilizability of evolution systems of partial differential equations on ℝ<Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Superscript>×[0,+∞) by time-delayed feedback controlsby time-delayed feedback controls

In this work we obtain sufficient conditions for stabilizability by time-delayed feedback controls for the system

$\frac{{\partial w\left( {x,t} \right)}}{{\partial t}} = A(D_x )w(x,t) - A(D_x )u(x,t), x \in \mathbb{R}^n , t > h, $

where D _x =(-i?/?x ₁,...-i?/?x _n ), A(σ) and B(σ) are polynomial matrices (m×m), det B(σ)≡0 on ? ⁿ , w is an unknown function, u(·,t)=P(D _x )w(·,t?h) is a control, h>0. Here P is an infinite differentiable matrix (m×m), and the norm of each of its derivatives does not exceed Γ(1+|σ|²)^γ for some Γ, γ∈? depending on the order of this derivative. Necessary conditions for stabilizability of this system are also obtained. In particular, we study the stabilizability problem for the systems corresponding to the telegraph equation, the wave equation, the heat equation, the Schrödinger equation and another model equation. To obtain these results we use the Fourier transform method, the Lojasiewicz inequality and the Tarski—Seidenberg theorem and its corollaries. To choose an appropriate P and stabilize this system, we also prove some estimates of the real parts of the zeros of the quasipolynomial det {Iλ-A(σ)+B(σ)P(σ)e ^-hλ.

     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis>-Gorenstein injective modules preenvelopes and related dimension

Let R and S be associative rings and _S V _R a semidualizing (S-R)-bimodule. An R-module N is said to be V-Gorenstein injective if there exists a Hom _R (I _V (R),?) and Hom _R (?,I _V (R)) exact exact complex \( \cdots \to {I_1}\xrightarrow{{{d_0}}}{I_0} \to {I^0}\xrightarrow{{{d_0}}}{I^1} \to \cdots \) of V-injective modules I _i and I ⁱ , i ∈ N₀, such that N ? Im(I ₀ → I ⁰). We will call N to be strongly V-Gorenstein injective in case that all modules and homomorphisms in the above exact complex are equal, respectively. It is proved that the class of V-Gorenstein injective modules are closed under extension, direct summand and is a subset of the Auslander class A _V (R) which leads to the fact that V-Gorenstein injective modules admit exact right I _V (R)-resolution. By using these facts, and thinking of the fact that the class of strongly V-Gorenstein injective modules is not closed under direct summand, it is proved that an R-module N is strongly V-Gorenstein injective if and only if N ⊕ E is strongly V-Gorenstein injective for some V-injective module E. Finally, it is proved that an R-module N of finite V-Gorenstein injective injective dimension admits V-Gorenstein injective preenvelope which leads to the fact that, for a natural integer n, Gorenstein V-injective injective dimension of N is bounded to n if and only if \(Ext_{{I_V}\left( R \right)}^{ \geqslant n + 1}\left( {I,N} \right) = 0\) for all modules I with finite I _V (R)-injective dimension.     

Order,type and cotype of growth for <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-adic entire functions: A survey with additional properties

Let IK be a complete ultrametric algebraically closed field and let A(IK) be the IK-algebra of entire functions on IK. For an f ∈ A(IK), similarly to complex analysis, one can define the order of growth as \(\rho \left( f \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{r \to + \infty } \sup \frac{{\log \left( {\log |f|\left( r \right)} \right)}}{{\log r}}\). When ρ(f) ≠ 0,+∞, one can define the type of growth as \(\sigma \left( f \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{r \to + \infty } \sup \frac{{\log \left( {|f|\left( r \right)} \right)}}{{{r^\rho }\left( f \right)}}\). But here, we can also define the cotype of growth as \(\psi \left( f \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{r \to + \infty } \sup \frac{{q\left( {f,r} \right)}}{{{r^\rho }\left( f \right)}}\) where q(f, r) is the number of zeros of f in the disk of center 0 and radius r. Many properties described here were first given in the Houston Journal, but new inequalities linking the order, type and cotype are given in this paper: we show that ρ(f)σ(f) ≤ ψ(f) ≤ eρ(f)σ(f). Moreover, if ψ or σ are veritable limits, then ρ(f)σ(f) = ψ(f) and this relation is conjectured in the general case. Several other properties are examined concerning ρ, σ, ψ for f and f’. Particularly,we show that if an entire function f has finite order, then \(\frac{{f'}}{{{f^2}}}\) takes every value infinitely many times.     

On the <Emphasis Type="Italic">σ</Emphasis>-countable compactness of spaces of continuous functions with the set-open topology

For a Tychonoff space X, we obtain a criterion of the σ-countable compactness of the space of continuous functions C(X) with the set-open topology. In particular, for the class of extremally disconnected spaces X, we prove that the space C _λ(X) is σ-countably compact if and only if X is a pseudocompact space, the set X(P) of all P-points of the space X is dense in X, and the family λ consists of finite subsets of the set X(P).     

Generalization of CS condition

Let R be an associative ring with identity. An R-module M is called an NCS module if C (M)∩S(M) = {0}, where C (M) and S(M) denote the set of all closed submodules and the set of all small submodules of M, respectively. It is clear that the NCS condition is a generalization of the well-known CS condition. Properties of the NCS conditions of modules and rings are explored in this article. In the end, it is proved that a ring R is right Σ-CS if and only if R is right perfect and right countably Σ-NCS. Recall that a ring R is called right Σ-CS if every direct sum of copies of R_R is a CS module. And a ring R is called right countably Σ-NCS if every direct sum of countable copies of R_R is an NCS module.     

The characterization of a class of quantum Markov semigroups and the associated operator-valued Dirichlet forms based on Hilbert <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>*-module <Emphasis Type="Italic">l</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>)

We characterize A-linear symmetric and contraction module operator semigroup{Tt}t∈R+L(l2(A)),where A is a finite-dimensional C-algebra,and L(l2(A))is the C-algebra of all adjointable module maps on l2(A).Next,we introduce the concept of operator-valued quadratic forms,and give a one to one correspondence between the set of non-positive definite self-adjoint regular module operators on l2(A)and the set of non-negative densely defined A-valued quadratic forms.In the end,we obtain that a real and strongly continuous symmetric semigroup{Tt}t∈R+L(l2(A))being Markovian if and only if the associated closed densely defined A-valued quadratic form is a Dirichlet form.     

Characteristic modules and tensor products over quasi-hereditary algebras

Let A be a monomial quasi-hereditary algebra with a pure strong exact Borel subalgebra B.It is proved that the category of induced good modules over B is contained in the category of good modules over A;that the characteristic module of A is an induced module of that of B via the exact functor-(?)_B A if and only if the induced A-module of an injective B-module remains injective as a B-module.Moreover,it is shown that an exact Borel subalgebra of a basic quasi-hereditary serial algebra is right serial and that the characteristic module of a basic quasi-hereditary serial algebra is exactly the induced module of that of its exact Borel subalgebra.     

Weak regularity of group algebras

A Banach algebra \(\mathcal {A}\) is called weakly regular if its multiplicative semigroup is E-inversive. We show that for a unimodular group G which admits an integrable unitary representation, \(L^1(G)\) is weakly regular. Moreover for a locally compact Abelian group, \(L^1(G)\) is weakly regular if and only if G is compact; while \(L^1(G)^{**}\) is weakly regular if and only if G is finite. All of our results hold, if we replace \(L^1(G)\) with M(G).     

Partial Order Embeddings with Convex Range

A careful study is made of embeddings of posets which have a convex range. We observe that such embeddings share nice properties with the homomorphisms of more restrictive categories; for example, we show that every order embedding between two lattices with convex range is a continuous lattice homomorphism. A number of posets are considered; for one of the simplest examples, we prove that every product order embedding σ : ?^? → ?^? with convex range is of the form

$$ \sigma(x)(n)=\left( (x\circ g_{\sigma})+y_{\sigma}\right)(n) ~~~~\text{if}~ n\in K_{\sigma}, $$

(1)

and σ(x)(n) = y _σ (n) otherwise, for all x ∈ ?^?, where K _σ ? ?, g _σ : K _σ → ? is a bijection and y _σ ∈ ?^?. The most complex poset examined here is the quotient of the lattice of Baire measurable functions, with codomain of the form ? ^I for some index set I, modulo equality on a comeager subset of the domain, with its ‘natural’ ordering.

     

Weakly regular modules over normal rings

Under study are some conditions for the weakly regular modules to be closed under direct sums and the rings over which all modules are weakly regular. For an arbitrary right R-module M, we prove that every module in the category σ(M) is weakly regular if and only if each module in σ(M) is either semisimple or contains a nonzero M-injective submodule. We describe the normal rings over which all modules are weakly regular.     

On nonregular ideals and <Emphasis Type="Italic">z</Emphasis>°-ideals in <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">X</Emphasis>)

The spaces X in which every prime z°-ideal of C(X) is either minimal or maximal are characterized. By this characterization, it turns out that for a large class of topological spaces X, such as metric spaces, basically disconnected spaces and one-point compactifications of discrete spaces, every prime z°-ideal in C(X) is either minimal or maximal. We will also answer the following questions: When is every nonregular prime ideal in C(X) a z°-ideal? When is every nonregular (prime) z-ideal in C(X) a z°-ideal? For instance, we show that every nonregular prime ideal of C(X) is a z°-ideal if and only if X is a ?-space (a space in which the boundary of any zeroset is contained in a zeroset with empty interior).     

Certain decompositions of matrices over Abelian rings

A ring R is (weakly) nil clean provided that every element in R is the sum of a (weak) idempotent and a nilpotent. We characterize nil and weakly nil matrix rings over abelian rings. Let R be abelian, and let n ∈ ?. We prove that M ⁿ (R) is nil clean if and only if R/J(R) is Boolean and M _n (J(R)) is nil. Furthermore, we prove that R is weakly nil clean if and only if R is periodic; R/J(R) is ?₃, B or ?₃ ⊕ B where B is a Boolean ring, and that M _n (R) is weakly nil clean if and only if M _n (R) is nil clean for all n ≥ 2.     

On a conjecture of Bulman-Fleming and Gilmour

If S is a monoid, the set S×S equipped with componentwise S-action is called the diagonal act of S and is denoted by D(S). We prove the following theorem: the right S-act S ⁿ (1≠n∈?) is (principally) weakly flat if and only if \(\prod _{i=1}^{n}A_{i}\) is (principally) weakly flat where A _i , 1≤i≤n are (principally) weakly flat right S-acts, if and only if the diagonal act D(S) is (principally) weakly flat. This gives an answer to a conjecture posed by Bulman-Fleming and Gilmour (Semigroup Forum 79:298–314, 2009). Besides, we present a fair characterization of monoids S over which the diagonal act D(S) is (principally) weakly flat and finally, we impose a condition on D(S) in order to make S a left PSF monoid.     

Orbit projections as fibrations

The orbit projection π: M → M/G of a proper G-manifold M is a fibration if and only if all points in M are regular. Under additional assumptions we show that π is a quasifibration if and only if all points are regular. We get a full answer in the equivariant category: π is a G-quasifibration if and only if all points are regular.     

Strongly regular locally <Emphasis Type="Italic">GQ</Emphasis>(4,<Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>)-graphs

Amply regular with parameters (v, k, λ, μ) we call an undirected graph with v vertices in which the degrees of all vertices are equal to k, every edge belongs to λ triangles, and the intersection of the neighborhoods of every pair of vertices at distance 2 contains exactly μ vertices. An amply regular diameter 2 graph is called strongly regular. We prove the nonexistence of amply regular locally GQ(4,t)-graphs with (t,μ) = (4, 10) and (8, 30). This reduces the classification problem for strongly regular locally GQ(4,t)-graphs to studying locally GQ(4, 6)-graphs with parameters (726, 125, 28, 20).     

Lower bounds for polynomials of many variables

A polynomial P(ξ) = P(ξ₁,..., ξ _n ) is said to be almost hypoelliptic if all its derivatives D ^ν P(ξ) can be estimated from above by P(ξ) (see [16]). By a theorem of Seidenberg-Tarski it follows that for each polynomial P(ξ) satisfying the condition P(ξ) > 0 for all ξ ∈ R ⁿ , there exist numbers σ > 0 and T ∈ R¹ such that P(ξ) ≥ σ(1 + |ξ|) ^T for all ξ ∈ R ⁿ . The greatest of numbers T satisfying this condition, denoted by ST(P), is called Seidenberg-Tarski number of polynomial P. It is known that if, in addition, P ∈ I _n , that is, |P(ξ)| → ∞ as |ξ| → ∞, then T = T(P) > 0. In this paper, for a class of almost hypoelliptic polynomials of n (≥ 2) variables we find a sufficient condition for ST(P) ≥ 1. Moreover, in the case n = 2, we prove that ST(P) ≥ 1 for any almost hypoelliptic polynomial P ∈ I₂.     

The structure of finite groups with weakly <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>-normal subgroups

For a subgroup of a finite group we introduce a new property called weakly c-normal. Suppose that G is a finite group and H is a subgroup of G. H is said to be weakly c-normal in G if there exists a subnormal subgroup K of G such that \(G=HK\) and \(H\cap K\) is s-quasinormally embedded in G. We fix in every non-cyclic Sylow subgroup P of G some subgroup D satisfying \(1<|D|<|P|\) and study the structure of G under the assumption that every subgroup H of P with \(|H|=|D|\) is weakly c-normal in G. Some recent results are generalized and unified.     

Finite Groups with Given Weakly <Emphasis Type="Italic">σ</Emphasis>-Permutable Subgroups

Let G be a finite group and let σ = {σ _i | i ∈ I} be a partition of the set of all primes P. A set ? of subgroups of G is said to be a complete Hall σ-set of G if each nonidentity member of ? is a Hall σ _i -subgroup of G and ? has exactly one Hall σ _i -subgroup of G for every σ _i ∈ σ(G). A subgroup H of G is said to be σ-permutable in G if G possesses a complete Hall σ-set ? such that HA ^x = A ^x H for all A ∈ ? and all x ∈ G. A subgroup H of G is said to be weakly σ-permutable in G if there exists a σ-subnormal subgroup T of G such that G = HT and H ∩ T ≤ H _σG , where H _σG is the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H which are σ-permutable in G. We study the structure of G under the condition that some given subgroups of G are weakly σ-permutable in G. In particular, we give the conditions under which a normal subgroup of G is hypercyclically embedded. Some available results are generalized.     

<Emphasis Type="Bold">K</Emphasis><Subscript>0</Subscript> of Semiartinian Von Neumann Regular Rings. Direct Finiteness Versus Unit-Regularity

If R is a regular and semiartinian ring, it is proved that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) R is unit-regular, (2) every factor ring of R is directly finite, (3) the abelian group K _O(R) is free and admits a basis which is in a canonical one to one correspondence with a set of representatives of simple right R-modules. For the class of semiartinian and unit-regular rings the canonical partial order of K _O(R) is investigated. Starting from any partially ordered set I, a special dimension group G(I) is built and a large class of semiartinian and unit-regular rings is shown to have the corresponding K _O(R) order isomorphic to G(P r i m _R ), where P r i m _R is the primitive spectrum of R. Conversely, if I is an artinian partially ordered set having a finite cofinal subset, it is proved that the dimension group G(I) is realizable as K _O(R) for a suitable semiartinian and unit-regular ring R.     

Uniform Convexity and Associate Spaces

We prove that the associate space of a generalized Orlicz space L^?(·) is given by the conjugate modular ?* even without the assumption that simple functions belong to the space. Second, we show that every weakly doubling Φ-function is equivalent to a doubling Φ-function. As a consequence, we conclude that L^?(·) is uniformly convex if ? and ?* are weakly doubling.