Periodic behavior for a degenerate fast diffusion equation

This work deals with the study of periodic solutions to a degenerate fast diffusion equation. The existence of the periodic solution to an intermediate problem restraint to a period T is proved first and then the result is extended by the data periodicity to all time real space. The approach involves an appropriate approximating problem whose periodic solution is proved via a fixed point theorem. Next, a passing to the limit procedure leads to the existence of the solution to the original problem on a time period. Finally, the behavior at large time of the solution to a Cauchy problem with periodic data is characterized.     

Analytic well-posedness of periodic gKdV

In the periodic case, it is proved that the Cauchy problem for the generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation (gKdV) is locally well-posed in a class of analytic functions that can be extended holomorphically in a symmetric strip of the complex plane around the x-axis. Thus, the uniform analyticity radius of the solution does not change as time progresses. Also, information about the regularity of the solution in the time variable is provided.     

Extinction in nonautonomous competitive Lotka-Volterra systems with infinite delay

The principle of competitive exclusion is extended to n-species nonautonomous Lotka-Volterra competition systems of differential equations with infinite delay. It is shown that if the coefficients are bounded, continuous and satisfy certain inequalities, then any solution with initial function in an appropriate space will have n−1 of its components tend to zero, while the remaining one will stabilize at a certain solution of a logistic differential equation.     

关于实方阵的几个问题

本文讨论如下内容：１．把有关对称正定（半正定）的一些性质推广到广义正定（半正定）。２．给定ｘ∈Ｒｍ×ｍ，∧为对角阵，求ＡＸ＝ｘ∧在对称半正定矩阵类中解存在的充要条件及一般形式，并讨论了对任意给定的对称正定（半正定）矩阵Ａ，在上述解的集合中求得Ａ，使得     

A linearized difference scheme for semilinear parabolic equations with nonlinear absorbing boundary conditions

A novel three level linearized difference scheme is proposed for the semilinear parabolic equation with nonlinear absorbing boundary conditions. The solution of this problem will blow up in finite time. Hence this difference scheme is coupled with an adaptive time step size, i.e., when the solution tends to infinity, the time step size will be smaller and smaller. Furthermore, the solvability, stability and convergence of the difference scheme are proved by the energy method. Numerical experiments are also given to demonstrate the theoretical second order convergence both in time and in space in L_∞-norm.     

Dynamics of a periodic Watt-type predator–prey system with impulsive effect

In this paper, an impulsive periodic predator–prey system with Watt-type functional response is investigated. By using the Floquet theory of linear periodic impulsive equation, the stability conditions for the prey-eradication positive periodic solution are given, and the boundedness of the system is proved. By the method of coincidence degree, the sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one strictly positive periodic solution are obtained. Furthermore, we give numerical analysis to confirm our theoretical results. It will be useful for ecosystem control.     

On the classical and generalized solutions of boundary-value problems for difference-differential equations with variable coefficients

The first boundary-value problem for second-order difference-differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite interval (0, d) is considered. The following question is studied: Under what conditions will the boundary-value problem for a difference-differential equation have a classical solution for an arbitrary continuous right-hand side? It is proved that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a classical solution is that certain coefficients of the difference operators on the orbits generated by the shifts be equal to zero.     

Cascades of Hopf bifurcations from boundary delay

We consider a 1-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation with nonlinear boundary conditions of logistic type with delay. We deal with non-negative solutions and analyze the stability behavior of its unique positive equilibrium solution, which is given by the constant function u≡1. We show that if the delay is small, this equilibrium solution is asymptotically stable, similar as in the case without delay. We also show that, as the delay goes to infinity, this equilibrium becomes unstable and undergoes a cascade of Hopf bifurcations. The structure of this cascade will depend on the parameters appearing in the equation. This equation shows some dynamical behavior that differs from the case where the nonlinearity with delay is in the interior of the domain.     

Contractive maps on normed linear spaces and their applications to nonlinear matrix equations

In this paper we will give necessary and sufficient conditions under which a map is a contraction on a certain subset of a normed linear space. These conditions are already well known for maps on intervals in R. Using the conditions and Banach’s fixed point theorem we can prove a fixed point theorem for operators on a normed linear space. The fixed point theorem will be applied to the matrix equation X = I_n + A^∗f(X)A, where f is a map on the set of positive definite matrices induced by a real valued map on (0, ∞). This will give conditions on A and f under which the equation has a unique solution in a certain set. We will consider two examples of f in detail. In one example the application of the fixed point theorem is the first step in proving that the equation has a unique positive definite solution under the conditions on A.     

Derivation of the cubic non-linear Schrödinger equation from quantum dynamics of many-body systems

We prove rigorously that the one-particle density matrix of three dimensional interacting Bose systems with a short-scale repulsive pair interaction converges to the solution of the cubic non-linear Schrödinger equation in a suitable scaling limit. The result is extended to k-particle density matrices for all positive integer k.     

On the stability and domain of attraction of asymptotically nonsmooth stationary solutions to a singularly perturbed parabolic equation

A stationary solution to the singularly perturbed parabolic equation ?u _t + ε² u _xx ? f(u, x) = 0 with Neumann boundary conditions is considered. The limit of the solution as ε → 0 is a nonsmooth solution to the reduced equation f(u, x) = 0 that is composed of two intersecting roots of this equation. It is proved that the stationary solution is asymptotically stable, and its global domain of attraction is found.     

Optimal control problem for the extended Fisher–Kolmogorov equation

In this paper, the optimal control problem for the extended Fisher–Kolmogorov equation is studied. The optimal control under boundary condition is given, the existence of optimal solution to the equation is proved and the optimality system is established.     

Construction of time-inhomogeneous Markov processes via evolution equations using pseudo-differential operators

For a pseudo-differential operator with symbol which is time-and space-dependent, elliptic and continuous negative definite,the corresponding evolution equation is solved. Further, itis shown that the solution defines a Markov process. In general,this will be a time- and spaceinhomogeneous jump process. Tosolve the evolution equation, we combine a fixed-point methodwith the symbolic calculus for negative definite symbols developedby Hoh. The properties of the fundamental solution which ensurethe existence of a corresponding Markov process are proved alongthe lines of Eidelman, Ivasyshen and Kochubei. However, insteadof hyper-singular integral representations, we use the pseudo-differentialoperator representation together with the positive maximum principleto obtain the required properties.     

Asymptotic stability of a pendulum with quadratic damping

The equation considered in this paper is $$x'' + h(t)\:x'|x'| + \omega^2\sin x = 0,$$ where h(t) is continuous and nonnegative for \({t \geq 0}\) and ω is a positive real number. This may be regarded as an equation of motion of an underwater pendulum. The damping force is proportional to the square of the velocity. The primary purpose is to establish necessary and sufficient conditions on the time-varying coefficient h(t) for the origin to be asymptotically stable. The phase plane analysis concerning the positive orbits of an equivalent planar system to the above-mentioned equation is used to obtain the main results. In addition, solutions of the system are compared with a particular solution of the first-order nonlinear differential equation $$u' + h(t)u|u| + 1 = 0.$$ Some examples are also included to illustrate our results. Finally, the present results are extended to be applied to an equation with a nonnegative real-power damping force.     

On the solvable operators generated by uniformly correct problems

A first order differential-operator equation with an operator-coefficient generating a C₀ class semi-group is studied. Boundary conditions for which this equation possesses a unique solution dependent continuously on its right-hand side are derived. Two theorems are formulated and proved.     

LOCAL CLASSICAL SOLUTION OF FREE BOUNDARY PROBLEM FOR A COUPLED SYSTEM

This paper considers a two-phase free boundary problem for coupled system including one parabolic equation and two elliptic equations. The problem comes from the discussion of a growth model of self-lnaintaining protocell in multidimensional case. The local classical solution of the problem with free boundary F : y = g(x,t) between two domains is being seeked. The local existence and uniqueness of the problem will be proved in multidimensional case.     

A nonlinear singular diffusion equation with source

In this paper, the existence, uniqueness and dependence on initial value of solution for a singular diffusion equation with nonlinear boundary condition are discussed. It is proved that there exists a unique global smooth solution which depends on initial data in L¹ continuously.     

Formulation and well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for a diffusion equation with discontinuous degenerating coefficients

The choice of a differential diffusion operator with discontinuous coefficients that corresponds to a finite flow velocity and a finite concentration is substantiated. For the equation with a uniformly elliptic operator and a nonzero diffusion coefficient, conditions are established for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the corresponding Cauchy problem. For the diffusion equation with degeneration on a half-line, it is proved that the Cauchy problem with an arbitrary initial condition has a unique solution if and only if there is no flux from the degeneration domain to the ellipticity domain of the operator. Under this condition, a sequence of solutions to regularized problems is proved to converge uniformly to the solution of the degenerate problem in L ₁(R) on each interval.     

A two-grid method for finite volume element approximations of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations

The two-grid method is studied for solving a two-dimensional second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equation using finite volume element method. The method is based on two different finite element spaces defined on one coarse grid with grid size H and one fine grid with grid size h, respectively. The nonsymmetric and nonlinear iterations are only executed on the coarse grid and the fine grid solution can be obtained in a single symmetric and linear step. It is proved that the coarse grid can be much coarser than the fine grid. A prior error estimate in the H¹-norm is proved to be O(h+H³|lnH|) for the two-grid semidiscrete finite volume element method. With these proposed techniques, solving such a large class of second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations will not be much more difficult than solving one single linearized equation. Finally, a numerical example is presented to validate the usefulness and efficiency of the method.     

Dynamic behaviors of a delay differential equation model of plankton allelopathy

In this paper, we consider a modified delay differential equation model of the growth of n-species of plankton having competitive and allelopathic effects on each other. We first obtain the sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence of the system. As a corollary, for periodic case, we obtain a set of delay-dependent condition which ensures the existence of at least one positive periodic solution of the system. After that, by means of a suitable Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions are derived for the global attractivity of the system. For the two-dimensional case, under some suitable assumptions, we prove that one of the components will be driven to extinction while the other will stabilize at a certain solution of a logistic equation. Examples show the feasibility of the main results.