具有AR(1)误差的线性随机效应模型中方差齐性和自相关性的检验

在回归分析中，方差齐性是一个很基本的假设．本文对具有AR(1)误差的线性随机效应模型，研究了方差齐性和自相关性的检验问题．我们分别讨论了随机误差异方差、随机效应异方差、多元异方差以及自相关性的检验问题，并用score检验方法给出了三种方差齐性和自相关性的检验统计量．随机模拟的结果表明，当样本容量较大时，检验的功效较好．本文还给出一个数值例子说明检验方法的实用性．另外，模型的结果也可以推广到非线性情形．     

随机权函数非线性回归模型的异方差统计分析

在回归分析中，随机误差是否存在方差齐性是理论与实际工作者都十分关心的问题，方差齐性假设并不总是正确的，在线性和非线性回归中关于异方差的诊断问题已有许多讨论（[1],[2],[4],[5]）。本文在韦博成（1995）讨论了加权非线性回归模型的基础上，用随机系数的方法，讨论随机权函数非线性回归模型中的异方差检验问题，得到了方差齐性检验的似然比统计量和score统计量，同时，当模型存在异方差时，本文给出了估计方差的一种方法。     

具有结构变化的非线性回归模型的阶段异方差检验

对于具有结构变化的非线性回归模型,两阶段的随机误差同时具有方差齐性是一个基本假设,但是该假设未必正确．本文研究该模型阶段异方差的检验问题．首先探讨了两阶段异方差的同时检验,然后构造了两阶段异方差的两个单个检验,分别得到了同时检验和单个检验的score统计量以及相应的调整形式．然后应用得到的检验统计量分析了南澳大利亚洋葱数据的阶段异方差性(Ratkowsky,1983),并用AIC,SBC进行模型比较,得到的结果与检验结果非常吻合．最后,用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了统计量的检验功效．     

具有线性趋势回归信度模型异方差的score检验

回归信度模型在保险研究中具有重要的作用.本文分险种内部,险种之间,险种内部及之间三种情形讨论了具有线性趋势回归信度模型异方差的score检验问题.首先推导了异方差存在性检验的score检验统计量,然后利用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了这几种检验统计量的功效,功效模拟结果显示：这几种检验统计量都有很好的检验效果.最后利用文中所得到的检验方法对旅客意外身体伤害保险数据进行了实例分析.     

回归模型中异方差或变离差检验问题综述

回归模型的异方差或变离差检验是统计诊断的重要课题。本文系统介绍了普通回归模型、广义回归模型和基于纵向数据的随机效应或自相关回归模型的异方差检验或变离差检验的研究概况和最新进展；同时介绍了作者关于非线性回归模型的相应工作，最后指出了若干有有待进一步研究的问题。     

非线性Poisson-Gamma回归模型中存在偏大离差时离差参数的齐性检验

Poisson回归模型广泛地应用于分析计数型数据，但该模型往往存在偏大离差(overdispersion)问题．刻画Poisson回归模型的偏大离差性的两种方法是拟似然方法和随机效应法(Lee＆Nelder，2000)，已有许多作者利用随机效应法研究了Poisson模型的偏大离差的检验问题．但他们均假定随机效应是独立同分布的，本文对他们的假设进行检验．我们分别在组内效应一致和组内效应不一致的情形下，研究了存在偏大离差的Poisson-Gamma非线性随机效应模型中，随机效应方差(称为离差参数)的齐性检验问题，得到了离差参数齐性的score检验统计量．最后给出两个数值例子说明本文方法的应用．     

随机权函数半参数回归模型的导方差统计分析

在回归分析中,观测值的方差齐性只是一个基本的假定,在参数、半参数和非参数回归模型中关于异方差检验和估计问题已有很多研究.本文在冉昊和朱忠义(2004)讨论的半参数回归模型的基础上,用随机参数方法,讨论随机权函数半参数回归模型中的异方差检验问题,得到了方差齐性检验Score统计量,同时,当半参数模型存在异方差时,本文还给出了估计方差的方法.     

半参数随机效应模型的异方差检验

在许多实际问题中,检验观察数据是否出现异方差性是一个相当感兴趣的问题.该文研究了半参数随机效应模型的异方差检验问题.基于Lin(1997)的方法,得到了检验方差成分都为零的Score检验统计量.通过随机模拟和实际数值例子,论证了方法的有效性.利用现有的统计软件,容易实现该文所提出的检验方法.     

具有ARIMA(0,1,0)误差的非线性模型的异方差检验

本文讨论随机误差是 ARIMA( 0 ,1 ,0 )序列的非线性回归模型的异方差检验问题 .首先导出了检验的 score统计量 ,然后利用参数的正交变换 ,得到了调整的 score统计量 .最后 ,利用氯化物数据 ( Bates &Watts,1 988)说明了检验方法的应用     

非参数回归模型异方差的小波检验

在非参数回归模型的讨论中, 通常假定方差具有齐性结构. 然而事前并不能保证方差齐性. 因此需要检验异方差性. 基于小波方法提出了一种相合的非参数异方差检验. 首先定义了回归模型的条件方差函数的经验小波系数, 然后证明了其渐近正态性. 在此基础上, 利用 Fan 的小波收缩的概念, 提出了异方差性检验的统计量. 模拟结果表明, 本检验方法优于传统的非参数检验方法.     

Heteroscedasticity and/or Autocorrelation Checks in Longitudinal Nonlinear Models with Elliptical and AR（1） Errors

The aim of this paper is to study the tests for variance heterogeneity and/or autocorrelation in nonlinear regression models with elliptical and AR(1) errors. The elliptical class includes several symmetric multivariate distributions such as normal, Student-t, power exponential, among others. Several diagnostic tests using score statistics and their adjustment are constructed. The asymptotic properties, including asymptotic chi-square and approximate powers under local alternatives of the score statistics, are studied. The properties of test statistics are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. A data set previously analyzed under normal errors is reanalyzed under elliptical models to illustrate our test methods.     

平衡线性混合模型方差分量几种估计的优良性

对于平衡线性混合模型,本文提出了一组易验证的条件,在此条件下,方差分量的谱分解估计、方 差分析估计和最小范数二次无偏估计都相等且为一致最小方差无偏估计．同时证明了在此条件下,似然 方程和限制似然方程都有显式解,还给出了许多满足这组条件的平衡线性混合模型的例子．     

Heteroscedastic Laplace mixture of experts regression models and applications

Mixture of Experts(MoE) regression models are widely studied in statistics and machine learning for modeling heterogeneity in data for regression, clustering and classification.Laplace distribution is one of the most important statistical tools to analyze thick and tail data. Laplace Mixture of Linear Experts(LMoLE) regression models are based on the Laplace distribution which is more robust. Similar to modelling variance parameter in a homogeneous population, we propose and study a new novel class of models: heteroscedastic Laplace mixture of experts regression models to analyze the heteroscedastic data coming from a heterogeneous population in this paper. The issues of maximum likelihood estimation are addressed. In particular, Minorization-Maximization(MM) algorithm for estimating the regression parameters is developed. Properties of the estimators of the regression coefficients are evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations. Results from the analysis of two real data sets are presented.     

线性混合效应模型中方差分量的估计

本文首先研究了含三个方差分量的线性混合随机效应模型改进的ANOVA估计, 此估计在均方损失下一致优于ANOVA估计. 由于这些方差估计取负值的概率大于零, 对得到的估计在某非负点采用截尾的方法得到非负估计是一种常用的方法. 对文章中提出的估计, 研究了此估计在某非负点截尾之后得到的估计在均方损失意义下优于截尾之前的估计的充分条件, 同时给出ANOVA估计在截尾之后优于它本身的充分条件, 而且将得到的结论推广到更一般的线性混合随机效应模型.     

Efficient Non-Iterative and Nonparametric Estimation of Heterogeneity Variance for the Standardized Mortality Ratio

In this paper the situation of extra population heterogeneity in the standardized mortality ratio is discussed from the point-of-view of an analysis of variance. First, some simple non-iterative ways are provided to estimate the variance of the heterogeneity distribution without estimating the heterogeneity distribution itself. Next, a wider class of linear unbiased estimators is introduced and their properties investigated. Consistency is shown for a wide sub-class of estimators charactererized by the fact that the associated linear weights are within some positive, finite bounds. Furthermore, it is shown that an efficient estimator is often provided when the weights are proportional to the expected counts.     

Evolutionary dynamics of cancer:From epigenetic regulation to cell population dynamics——mathematical model framework,applications,and open problems

Predictive modeling of the evolutionary dynamics of cancer is a challenging issue in computational cancer biology. In this paper, we propose a general mathematical model framework for the evolutionary dynamics of cancer, including plasticity and heterogeneity in cancer cells. Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth, during which abnormal regulation of stem cell regeneration is essential for the dynamics of cancer development. In general, the dynamics of stem cell regeneration can be simplified as a G0 phase cell cycle model, which leads to a delay differentiation equation. When cell heterogeneity and plasticity are considered, we establish a differential-integral equation based on the random transition of epigenetic states of stem cells during cell division. The proposed model highlights cell heterogeneity and plasticity;connects the heterogeneity with cell-to-cell variance in cellular behaviors(for example, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation/senescence);and can be extended to include gene mutation-induced tumor development. Hybrid computational models are developed based on the mathematical model framework and are applied to the processes of inflammationinduced tumorigenesis and tumor relapse after chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy. Finally, we propose several mathematical problems related to the proposed differential-integral equation. Solutions to these problems are crucial for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of cancer.     

具有一致相关的纵向数据模型中方差和相关系数的齐性检验

在纵向数据分析中, 模型方差的齐性是一个基本假定, 但是该假定未必正确. 林金官、韦博成^[1]讨论了具有AR(1)误差的非线性纵向数据模型中方差和相关系数的齐性检验. 本文对具有一致相关协方差结构的纵向数据模型, 研究了方差齐性和相关系数齐性的检验, 得到了检验的score统计量, 并应用于葡萄糖数据. 最后, 本文还给出了模拟结果.     

Reparameterized and Marginalized Posterior and Predictive Sampling for Complex Bayesian Geostatistical Models

This article proposes a four-pronged approach to efficient Bayesian estimation and prediction for complex Bayesian hierarchical Gaussian models for spatial and spatiotemporal data. The method involves reparameterizing the covariance structure of the model, reformulating the means structure, marginalizing the joint posterior distribution, and applying a simplex-based slice sampling algorithm. The approach permits fusion of point-source data and areal data measured at different resolutions and accommodates nonspatial correlation and variance heterogeneity as well as spatial and/or temporal correlation. The method produces Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers with low autocorrelation in the output, so that fewer iterations are needed for Bayesian inference than would be the case with other sampling algorithms. Supplemental materials are available online.