Optimization of Functional Integral Equations: A Spectral Approach

Abstract

The spectral method of Elnagar and Kazemi (J. Comp. Appl. Math. 76(1–2):147–158, 1996), which yields spectral convergence rate for the approximate solutions of Volterra-Hammerstein integral equations, is generalized in order to solve the larger class of functional integral equation control systems with spectral accuracy. The proposed method is based on the idea of relating spectrally constructed grid points to the structure of projection operators. These operators will be used to approximate the control vector and the associated state vector. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.     

Spectral flow as winding number and integral formulas

A general integral formula for the spectral flow of a path of unbounded selfadjoint Fredholm operators subject to certain summability conditions is derived from the interpretation of the spectral flow as a winding number.

     

Asymptotics of eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of non‐homogeneous inextensible filament with an end load

We consider a class of non‐selfadjoint operators generated by the equation and the boundary conditions, which govern small vibrations of an ideal filament with non‐conservative boundary conditions at one end and a heavy load at the other end. The filament has a non‐constant density and is subject to a viscous damping with a non‐constant damping coefficient. The boundary conditions contain two arbitrary complex parameters. We derive the spectral asymptotics for the aforementioned two‐parameter family of non‐selfadjoint operators. In the forthcoming papers, based on the asymptotical results of the present paper, we will prove the Riesz basis property of the eigenfunctions. The spectral results obtained in the aforementioned papers will allow us to solve boundary and/or distributed controllability problems for the filament using the spectral decomposition method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inner bounds for the spectrum of quasinormal operators

A linear operator in a separable Hilbert space is called a quasinormal one if it is a sum of a normal operator and a compact one. In the paper, bounds for the spectrum of quasinormal operators are established. In addition, the lower estimate for the spectral radius is derived. Under some restrictions, that estimate improves the well-known results. Applications to integral operators and matrices are discussed. Our results are new even in the finite-dimensional case.

     

Invertibility And Positive Invertibility Of Hille–Tamarkin Integral Operators

Hille–Tamarkin integral operators on the space are considered. Invertibility conditions, estimates for the norm of the inverse operators and positive invertibility conditions are established. In addition, bounds for the spectral radius are suggested. Applications to nonselfadjoint differential operators and integro-differential ones are discussed.     

Inverse spectral problem for integro-differential operators

In this paper, we study the inverse spectral problem on a finite interval for the integro-differential operator ? which is the perturbation of the Sturm-Liouville operator by the Volterra integral operator. The potential q belongs to L ₂[0, π] and the kernel of the integral perturbation is integrable in its domain of definition. We obtain a local solution of the inverse reconstruction problem for the potential q, given the kernel of the integral perturbation, and prove the stability of this solution. For the spectral data we take the spectra of two operators given by the expression for ? and by two pairs of boundary conditions coinciding at one of the finite points.     

A volume integral equation method for periodic scattering problems for anisotropic Maxwell's equations

This paper presents a volume integral equation method for an electromagnetic scattering problem for three-dimensional Maxwell's equations in the presence of a biperiodic, anisotropic, and possibly discontinuous dielectric scatterer. Such scattering problem can be reformulated as a strongly singular volume integral equation (i.e., integral operators that fail to be weakly singular). In this paper, we firstly prove that the strongly singular volume integral equation satisfies a Gårding-type estimate in standard Sobolev spaces. Secondly, we rigorously analyze a spectral Galerkin method for solving the scattering problem. This method relies on the periodization technique of Gennadi Vainikko that allows us to efficiently evaluate the periodized integral operators on trigonometric polynomials using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The main advantage of the method is its simple implementation that avoids for instance the need to compute quasiperiodic Green's functions. We prove that the numerical solution of the spectral Galerkin method applied to the periodized integral equation converges quasioptimally to the solution of the scattering problem. Some numerical examples are provided for examining the performance of the method.     

A viscosity method with no spectral radius requirements for the split common fixed point problem

This paper is concerned with an algorithmic solution to the split common fixed point problem in Hilbert spaces. Our method can be regarded as a variant of the “viscosity approximation method”. Under very classical assumptions, we establish a strong convergence theorem with regard to involved operators belonging to the wide class of quasi-nonexpansive operators. In contrast with other related processes, our algorithm does not require any estimate of some spectral radius. The technique of analysis developed in this work is new and can be applied to many other fixed point iterations. Numerical experiments are also performed with regard to an inverse heat problem.     

Rank one perturbations and singular integral operators

We consider rank one perturbations Aα=A+α(⋅,φ)φ of a self-adjoint operator A with cyclic vector φ∈H−1(A) on a Hilbert space H. The spectral representation of the perturbed operator Aα is given by a singular integral operator of special form. Such operators exhibit what we call ‘rigidity’ and are connected with two weight estimates for the Hilbert transform. Also, some results about two weight estimates of Cauchy (Hilbert) transforms are proved. In particular, it is proved that the regularized Cauchy transforms Tε are uniformly (in ε) bounded operators from L²(μ) to L²(μα), where μ and μα are the spectral measures of A and Aα, respectively. As an application, a sufficient condition for Aα to have a pure absolutely continuous spectrum on a closed interval is given in terms of the density of the spectral measure of A with respect to φ. Some examples, like Jacobi matrices and Schrödinger operators with L² potentials are considered.     

One Criterion for Nuclearity of Linear Operators

We prove a criterion for nuclearity of a linear operator and establish the form of the greatest two-sided ideal of the set of all compact Akhiezer integral operators in L₂ and the set of all Akhiezer integral operators in L₂.     

Transmission problems for Maxwell's equations with weakly Lipschitz interfaces

We prove sufficient conditions on material constants, frequency and Lipschitz regularity of interface for well posedness of a generalized Maxwell transmission problem in finite energy norms. This is done by embedding Maxwell's equations in an elliptic Dirac equation, by constructing the natural trace space for the transmission problem and using Hodge decompositions for operators d and δ on weakly Lipschitz domains to prove stability. We also obtain results for boundary value problems and transmission problems for the Hodge–Dirac equation and prove spectral estimates for boundary singular integral operators related to double layer potentials. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Eigenvalues and Entropy Moduli of Operators in Interpolation Spaces

The paper approaches in an abstract way the spectral theory of operators in abstract interpolation spaces. We introduce entropy numbers and spectral moduli of operators, and prove a relationship between them and eigenvalues of operators. We also investigate interpolation variants of the moduli, and offer a contribution to the theory of eigenvalues of operators. Specifically, we prove an interpolation version of the celebrated Carl–Triebel eigenvalue inequality. Based on these results we are able to prove interpolation estimates for single eigenvalues as well as for geometric means of absolute values of the first n eigenvalues of operators. In particular, some of these estimates may be regarded as generalizations of the classical spectral radius formula. We give applications of our results to the study of interpolation estimates of entropy numbers as well as of the essential spectral radius of operators in interpolation spaces.     

Essential spectra of spectral operators

The various essential spectra of a linear operator have been surveyed byB. Gramsch andD. Lay [4]. In this paper we characterize the essential spectra and the related quantities nullity, defect, ascent and descent of bounded spectral operators. It is shown that a number of these spectra coincide in the case of a spectral or a scalar type operator. Some results known for normal operators in Hilbert space are extended to spectral operators in Banach space.     

Uniformly Conditioned Bases of Spectral Subspaces

A condition number of an ordered basis of a finite-dimensional normed space is defined in an intrinsic manner. This concept is extended to a sequence of bases of finite-dimensional normed spaces, and is used to determine uniform conditioning of such a sequence. We address the problem of finding a sequence of uniformly conditioned bases of spectral subspaces of operators of the form T _n  = S _n  + U _n , where S _n is a finite-rank operator on a Banach space and U _n is an operator which satisfies an invariance condition with respect to S _n . This problem is reduced to constructing a sequence of uniformly conditioned bases of spectral subspaces of operators on ? ^n×1. The applicability of these considerations in practical as well as theoretical aspects of spectral approximation is pointed out.     

Comparison Theorems for the Spectral Gap of Diffusion Processes and Schrodinger Operators on an Interval

The spectral gaps and thus the exponential rates of convergenceto equilibrium are compared for ergodic one-dimensional diffusionson an interval. One of the results may be thought of as thediffusion analogue of a recent result for the spectral gap ofone-dimensional Schrödinger operators. The similaritiesand differences between spectral gap results for diffusionsand for Schrödinger operators are also discussed.     

Approximation of Hypersingular Integral Operators With Cauchy Kernel

In the present article, the hypersingular integral operator with Cauchy kernel H is approximated by a sequence of operators of a special form, and it is proved that the approximating operators H_n strongly converge to the operator H and for an algebraic polynomial of degree not higher than n the operators H_n and H coincide. Therefore, the estimate established in this article yields more exact results in terms of the convergence rate than traditional methods. At the end we give the approximate solution of the hypersingular integral equation of the first kind.     

On the double commutation method

We provide a complete spectral characterization of the double commutation method for general Sturm-Liouville operators which inserts any finite number of prescribed eigenvalues into spectral gaps of a given background operator. Moreover, we explicitly determine the transformation operator which links the background operator to its doubly commuted version (resulting in extensions and considerably simplified proofs of spectral results even for the special case of Schrödinger-type operators).

     

Norm inequalities for the spectral spread of Hermitian operators

In this work, we introduce a new measure for the dispersion of the spectral scale of a Hermitian (self-adjoint) operator acting on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space that we call spectral spread. Then, we obtain some submajorization inequalities involving the spectral spread of self-adjoint operators, that are related to Tao's inequalities for anti-diagonal blocks of positive operators, Kittaneh's commutator inequalities for positive operators and also related to the arithmetic–geometric mean inequality. In turn, these submajorization relations imply inequalities for unitarily invariant norms (in the compact case).     

Spectralizable Operators

We introduce the notion of spectralizable operators. A closed operator A in a Hilbert space is called spectralizable if there exists a non-constant polynomial p such that the operator p(A) is a scalar spectral operator in the sense of Dunford. We show that such operators belongs to the class of generalized spectral operators and give some examples where spectralizable operators occur naturally. Vladimir Strauss gratefully acknowledges support by DFG, Grant No. TR 903/3-1.