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1.
Introduction' There have recently appeared in the literature several mathematical models of stagestructured population growth, i. e., models which take into account the faCt that individuals in a population may belong to one of two classes, the immatures and the matureslllZI.Cannibalism has been observed in a great variety of species, including a number of fish species.Cannibalism models of various types have also been investigatedI3"l. In these models, the ageto maturity is represented by a…  相似文献   

2.
§1 IntroductionRare and endangered species face extinction through a variety of mechanisms,including destruction and fragmentation of their habitat and ecological invasion of exoticspecies[1 ,2 ] .In order to protectthese species,we should investigate the effects of diffusionand ecological invasion on the permanence and extinction of the native species.In[3 ] ,Cui and Chen have studied the effect of diffusion on the endangered speciesthat living in a weak patchy environment in the sense tha…  相似文献   

3.
A ratio-dependent predator-prey system with stage structure and time delays for both prey and predator is considered in this paper. Both the predator and prey have two stages,immature stage and mature stage,and the growth of them is of Lotka-Volterra nature. It is assumed that immature individuals and mature individuals of each species are divided by a fixed age,and that mature predators attack immature prey only. The global stability of three nonnegative equilibria and permanence are presented.  相似文献   

4.
A CLASS OF STATIONARY MODELS OF SINGULAR STOCHASTIC CONTROL   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
A class of stationary models of singular stochastic control has been studied,in which the state is extended to solution of a class of S.D.E. from Wiener process. The existence of optimal control has been proved in all cases under some weaker conditions,and the structure of optimal control may be characterized.  相似文献   

5.
As is well known that the multivariate spline function plays an important role in both theory and application. The paper [1]—[11] hove studied the multivariate spline functions and obtained a lot of results concerning this topic. Especially in [3], the existance theorem has been shown for the case of n-dim entional spline functions. A. Zeniek [10] and P. Alfeld [11] have established some of results about the tetrahedron partition. In this paper. we will show a kind of cubic C~1—interpolations for any n-simplicial partition in R~n. Of course, some of the subdivisions will be needed.  相似文献   

6.
1. IntroductionA Kolmogorov-Smirnov type test for linearity in autoregressive models has been con-sidered by An and Chengl']. They showed that the asymptotic null di8tribution of the teststati8tic is related to the supremum of the 8tandard Brownian motion. Their simulationshowed that the test was easy to conduct and more powerful than the tests of Hinich[2],Keenanl3j, Tasyl4] and Chan and TOngl5]. However, the percentage points of the null dis-tribution of the test have not been tabulated…  相似文献   

7.
The assumption of homoscedasticity has received much attention in classical analysis of regression. Heteroscedasticity tests have been well studied in parametric and nonparametric regressions. The aim of this paper is to present a test of heteroscedasticity for nonlinear semiparametric regression models with nonparametric variance function. The validity of the proposed test is illustrated by two simulated examples and a real data example.  相似文献   

8.
There are various characterizations of groups by conditions on the orders of itselements.For example,in[2]and[1]the finite group all of whose elements haveprime power order have been classified.In[4—7]some simple groups have beencharacterized by conditions on the orders of its elements and B.H.Neumann[3]has determined all groups whose elements have orders 1,2 and 3.The latter groupsare OC_3 groups in the sense of the following  相似文献   

9.
We present multicomponent flow models derived from the kinetic theory of gases and investigate the symmetric hyperbolic-parabolic structure of the resulting system of partial differential equations.We address the Cauchy problem for smooth solutions as well as the existence of deflagration waves,also termed anchored waves.We further discuss related models which have a similar hyperbolic-parabolic structure,notably the SaintVenant system with a temperature equation as well as the equations governing chemical equilibrium flows.We next investigate multicomponent ionized and magnetized flow models with anisotropic transport fluxes which have a different mathematical structure.We finally discuss numerical algorithms specifically devoted to complex chemistry flows,in particular the evaluation of multicomponent transport properties,as well as the impact of multicomponent transport.  相似文献   

10.
The finite-dimensional variational inequality problem (VIP) has been studied extensively in the literature because of its successful applications in many fields such as economics, transportation, regional science and operations research. Barker and Pang[1] have given an excellent survey of theories, methods and applications of VIPs.  相似文献   

11.
The probability of ruin is examined in a model where the annual gains of an insurance company are dependent random variables. The model used is the linear model (well known in time-series analysis) which includes the autoregressive model and the moving average model as special cases. It is also shown that a certain credibility model can be interpreted as a first-order model of the mixed type.  相似文献   

12.
This article deals with non-linear model parameter estimation from experimental data. As for non-linear models a rigorous identifiability analysis is difficult to perform, parameter estimation is performed in such a way that uncertainty in the estimated parameter values is represented by the range of model use results when the model is used for a certain purpose. Using this approach, the article presents a simulation study where the objective is to discover whether the estimation of model parameters can be improved, so that a small enough range of model use results is obtained. The results of the study indicate that from plant measurements available for the estimation of model parameters, it is possible to extract data that are important for the estimation of model parameters relative to a certain model use. If these data are improved by a proper measurement campaign (e.g. proper choice of measured variables, better accuracy, higher measurement frequency) it is to be expected that a valid model for a certain model use will be obtained. The simulation study is performed for an activated sludge model from wastewater treatment, while the estimation of model parameters is done by Monte Carlo simulation.  相似文献   

13.
本文提出一种基于扩张原理的ETSK(ExtendedTSK)模型,导出了该模型的输入输出解析式,给出了辨识这种模型的方法。本文还导出了ETSK模型的一种等价形式——变权TSK模型,从而将ETSK模型规则后件中的模糊数及其扩展运算转化为普通数的运算,使基于ETSK模型的模糊控制算法MBFC(Model-BasedFuzzyControl)易于实现。仿真辨识结果表明,ETSK模型的辨识效果和预报精度优于TSK和LM模型;MBFC算法的控制效果优于通常模型PI控制算法  相似文献   

14.
广义部分线性模型是广义线性模型和部分线性模型的推广,是一种应用广泛的半参数模型.本文讨论的是该模型在线性协变量和响应变量均存在非随机缺失数据情形下参数的Bayes估计和基于Bayes因子的模型选择问题,在分析过程中,采用了惩罚样条来估计模型中的非参数成分,并建立了Bayes层次模型;为了解决Gibbs抽样过程中因参数高度相关带来的混合性差以及因维数增加导致出现不稳定性的问题,引入了潜变量做为添加数据并应用了压缩Gibbs抽样方法,改进了收敛性;同时,为了避免计算多重积分,利用了M-H算法估计边缘密度函数后计算Bayes因子,为模型的选择比较提供了一种准则.最后,通过模拟和实例验证了所给方法的有效性.  相似文献   

15.
1IntroductionTl1eage-structuredpopulationmodelhasbeensuccessfullyusedinpopulationdynamics['f'].Tl1egeneralage-structuredpopuIationmodelisdescribedbythefollowingpartialdifferentialequatiolls{3]:whereu(a,f)istheage-specificdensityofasingleage-structuredspeciesattimet,p(a,f)andb(a,t)aretheage-specificpercapitaldeathrateandbirthrateofthespeciesattimet,respectively.TherealAisthemaxinlulllageforanyindividuali11thepopulation,and[A1,A2listhefecundityperiodoffelllales.Thefunctiolluo(a)istheinitialdel…  相似文献   

16.
Traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches to turbulence modeling, such as the k-ϵ model, have some well-known shortcomings when modeling transient flow phenomena. To mitigate this, a filtered URANS model has been derived where turbulent structures larger than a given filter size (typically grid size) is captured by the flow equations and smaller structures are modeled according to a modified k-ϵ model. This modeling approach is also known as a VLES model (Very Large Eddy Scale model), and provides more details of the transient turbulence than the k-ϵ model at little extra computational cost.In this study a two-phase extension to the VLES model is described. A modeling concept for bubble plumes has been developed in which the bubbles are tracked as particles and the flow of liquid is solved by the Navier–Stokes equations in a traditional mesh based approach. The flow of bubbles and liquid is coupled in an Eulerian–Lagrangian model. Turbulent dispersion of the bubbles is treated by a random walk model. The random walk model depends on an estimation of the eddy life time. The eddy life time for the VLES model differs from a k-ϵ model, and its mathematical expression is derived.The model is applied to ocean plumes emanating from discharge of gas at the ocean floor. Validation with experiments and comparison with k-ϵ model are shown.  相似文献   

17.
In this paper, a model is said to be validated for control design if using the model-based controller, the closed loop performance of the real plant satisfies a specified performance bound. To improve the model for control design, only closed loop response data is available to deduce a new model of the plant. Hence the procedure described herein involves three steps in each iteration: (i) closed loop identification; (ii) plant model extraction from the closed loop model; (iii) controller design. Thus our criteria for model validation involve both the control design procedure by which the closed loop system performance is evaluated, and the identification procedure by which a new model of the plant is deduced from the closed loop response data. This paper proposes new methods for both parts, and also proposes an iterative algorithm to connect the two parts. To facilitate both the identification and control tasks, the new finite-signal-to-noise (FSN) model of linear systems is utilized. The FSN model allows errors in variables whose noise covariances are proportional to signal covariances. Allowing the signal to noise ratios to be bounded but uncertain, a control theory to guarantee a variance upper bound is developed for the discrete version of this new FSN model. The identification of the closed loop system is accomplished by a new type of q-Markov Cover, adjusted to accommodate the assumed FSN structure of the model. The model of the plant is extracted from the closed loop identification model. This model is then used for control design and the process is repeated until the closed loop performance validates the model. If the iterations produce no such a controller, we say that this specific procedure cannot produce a model valid for control design and the level of the required performance must be reduced.  相似文献   

18.
Four models of a pipeline are compared in the paper: a nonlinear distributed-parameter model, a linear distributed-parameter model, a simplified lumped-parameter model and an extended neural-net-based model. The transcendental transfer function of the linearized model is obtained by a Laplace transformation and corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The lumped-parameter model is obtained by a Taylor series extension of the transencdental transfer function. Based on the experience of linear models the structure of the neural net model, as an addendum to the nonlinear distributed-parameter model, is obtained. All four models are tested on a real pipeline data with an artificially generated leak.  相似文献   

19.
We propose a scale-free network model with a tunable power-law exponent. The Poisson growth model, as we call it, is an offshoot of the celebrated model of Barabási and Albert where a network is generated iteratively from a small seed network; at each step a node is added together with a number of incident edges preferentially attached to nodes already in the network. A key feature of our model is that the number of edges added at each step is a random variable with Poisson distribution, and, unlike the Barabási–Albert model where this quantity is fixed, it can generate any network. Our model is motivated by an application in Bayesian inference implemented as Markov chain Monte Carlo to estimate a network; for this purpose, we also give a formula for the probability of a network under our model.  相似文献   

20.
保险系统中一种推广风险模型的破产概率   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
将经典复合 Poisson风险模型推广至更为一般情况 ,其中保单以 Poisson分布流到达且收取的保费为随机变量 ,建立一种双复合 Poisson风险模型 .对此模型 ,得到了最终破产概率的一般表达式和破产概率的一个上界估计值 .  相似文献   

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