Decay solution for the renewal equation with diffusion

In this paper we consider age structured equation with diffusion under nonlocal boundary condition and nonnegative initial data. We prove existence, uniqueness and the positivity of the solution to the above problem. Our main result is to get an exponential decay of the solution for large times toward such a study state. To this end we prove a weighted Poincaré–Wirtinger’s type inequality in unbounded domain.     

On solvability of the Dirichlet problem for the third-order hyperbolic equation

We consider a Dirichlet problem for the third-order hyperbolic equation and show the existence and uniqueness of its classical solution. For the proof of unique solvability, we use the methods of Riemann’s function and integral equations.     

Inverse problem for the heat equation with degeneration

We consider the inverse problem of determining the time-dependent thermal diffusivity that is equal to zero at the initial moment of time. We establish conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a classical solution of the problem under consideration. __________ Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 57, No. 11, pp. 1563–1570, November, 2005.     

Stochastic equations on compact groups in discrete negative time

In this paper a stochastic equation on compact groups in discrete negative time is studied. The diagonal group action on the extreme points of solutions is proved to be transitive by means of the coupling method. This result is applied to generalize Yor’s work which is closely related to Tsirelson’s stochastic differential equation and to give criteria for existence of a strong solution and for uniqueness in law. This research was supported by Open Research Center Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT, 2004–2008.     

Some remarks on Nagumo’s theorem

We provide a simpler proof for a recent generalization of Nagumo’s uniqueness theorem by A. Constantin: On Nagumo’s theorem. Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 86 (2010), 41–44, for the differential equation x′ = f(t, x), x(0) = 0 and we show that not only is the solution unique but the Picard successive approximations converge to the unique solution. The proof is based on an approach that was developed in Z. S. Athanassov: Uniqueness and convergence of successive approximations for ordinary differential equations. Math. Jap. 35 (1990), 351–367. Some classical existence and uniqueness results for initial-value problems for ordinary differential equations are particular cases of our result.     

Mixed problem for the equation governing inertia-gravity waves in the Boussinesq approximation in a unbounded cylindrical domain

The unique solvability of an initial-boundary value problem for the equation governing inertia-gravity waves in the Boussinesq approximation in an unbounded multidimensional cylindrical domain is studied. The existence and uniqueness of a weak solution is proved, and its asymptotic behavior at long times is analyzed. The proofs are based on the Green’s function constructed in explicit form for the corresponding stationary problem.     

Exact solution to the periodic boundary value problem for a first-order linear fuzzy differential equation with impulses

Using the expression of the exact solution to a periodic boundary value problem for an impulsive first-order linear differential equation, we consider an extension to the fuzzy case and prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for a first-order linear fuzzy differential equation with impulses subject to boundary value conditions. We obtain the explicit solution by calculating the solutions on each level set and justify that the parametric functions obtained define a proper fuzzy function. Our results prove that the solution of the fuzzy differential equation of interest is determined, under the appropriate conditions, by the same Green’s function obtained for the real case. Thus, the results proved extend some theorems given for ordinary differential equations.     

Normal ergodic actions and extensions

We demonstrate that normal ergodic extensions of group actions are characterized as skew product actions given by cocycles into locally compact groups. As a consequence, Robert Zimmer’s characterization of normal ergodic group actions is generalized to the noninvariant case. We also obtain the uniqueness theorem which generalizes the von Neumann Halmos uniqueness theorem and Zimmer’s uniqueness theorem for normal actions with relative discrete spectrum.     

Nonsmooth eigenfunctions in problems of mathematical physics

We study whether V.A. Il’in’s method for proving the uniqueness of the solution of a mixed problem for a hyperbolic equation applies to a problem with transmission conditions in the interior of the interval. We show that the system of eigenfunctions corresponding to this problem is complete in the space L ²(0, l) and is a Riesz basis in this space.     

Boundary Feedback Stabilization of Naghdi＇s Model

We consider the stabilization of Naghdi‘s model by boundary feedbacks where the model has a middle surface of any shape. First, applying the semigroup approach and the regularity of elliptic boundary value problems, we obtain the existence, the uniqueness, and the properties of solutions to Naghdi‘s model. Finally, we establish the exponential decay rates for Naghdi‘s model under some checkable geometric conditions on the middle surface.     

Graphs with prescribed Levi form trace

Abstract We prove existence and uniqueness of a viscosity solution of the Dirichlet problem related to the prescribed Levi mean curvature equation, under suitable assumptions on the boundary data and on the Levi curvature of the domain. We also show that such a solution is Lipschitz continuous by proving that it is the uniform limit of a sequence of classical solutions of elliptic problems and by building Lipschitz continuous barriers. Keywords: Levi mean curvature, Quasilinear degenerate elliptic PDE’s, Viscosity solutions, Comparison principle, Global Lipschitz estimates     

Inverse problem for a parabolic equation with strong power degeneration

We consider the inverse problem of determining the time-dependent coefficient of the leading derivative in a full parabolic equation under the assumption that this coefficient is equal to zero at the initial moment of time. We establish conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a classical solution of the problem under consideration. __________ Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 58, No. 11, pp. 1487–1500, November, 2006.     

Analysis of a Duopoly Supply Chain and its Application in Electricity Spot Markets

This paper studies a supply chain consisting of two suppliers and one retailer in a spot market, where the retailer uses the newsvendor solution as its purchase policy, and suppliers compete for the retailer’s purchase. Since each supplier’s bidding strategy affects the other’s profit, a game theory approach is used to identify optimal bidding strategies. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a Nash solution. It is also shown that the competition between the supplier leads to a lower market clearing price, and as a result, the retailer benefits from it. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the obtained results by deriving optimal bidding strategies for power generator plants in the deregulated California energy market. Supported in part by RGC (Hong Kong) Competitive Earmarked Research Grants (CUHK4167/04E and CUHK4239/03E), a Distinguished Young Investigator Grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, and a grant from Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Inverse extremum problems for Maxwell’s equations

The problem is studied of recovering the impedance function involved multiplicatively in boundary conditions for Maxwell’s equations. The inverse problem is reduced to an extremum one. The solvability of the extremum problem is proved, an optimality system is derived, and sufficient conditions for the local uniqueness and stability of its solution are established.     

New method for general Kennaugh’s pseudo-eigenvalue equation in radar polarimetry

Kennaugh’s pseudo-eigenvalue equation is a basic equation that plays an extremely important role in radar polarimetry. In this paper, by means of real representation, we first present a necessary and sufficient condition for the general Kennaugh’s pseudo-eigenvalue equation having a solution, characterize the explicit form of the solution, and then study the solution of Kennaugh’s pseudo-eigenvalue equation. At last, we propose a new technique for finding the coneigenvalues and coneigenvectors of a complex matrix under appropriate conditions in radar polarimetry.     

On the applicability of two Newton methods for solving equations in Banach space

In this study we examine the applicability of Newton’s method and the modified Newton’s method for approximating a locally unique solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space. We assume that the Newton-Kantorovich hypothesis for Newton’s method is violated, but the corresponding condition for the modified Newton method holds. Under these conditions there is no guarantee that Newton’s method starting from the same initial guess as the modified Newton’s method converges. Hence, it seems that we must always use the modified Newton method under these conditions. However, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate that in practice this may not be a good decision.     

On the uniqueness of a solution of the problem with oblique derivative for the equation Δnν = 0

We prove the uniqueness of a solution of the problem with oblique derivative for the equation Δⁿν = 0. __________ Translated from Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 835–841, June, 2006.     

Characterizations for solidness of dual cones with applications

In this paper, some characterizations for the solidness of dual cones are established. As applications, we prove that a Banach space is reflexive if it contains a solid pointed closed convex cone having a weakly compact base, and prove an analogue of a Karamardian’s result for the linear complementarity problem in reflexive Banach spaces. The uniqueness of the solution of the linear complementarity problem is also discussed.     

Uniqueness of integer solution of linear equations

We consider the system of m linear equations in n integer variables Ax = d and give sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of its integer solution x ∈ {−1, 1} ⁿ by reformulating the problem as a linear program. Necessary and sufficient uniqueness characterizations of ordinary linear programming solutions are utilized to obtain sufficient uniqueness conditions such as the intersection of the kernel of A and the dual cone of a diagonal matrix of ±1’s is the origin in R ⁿ . This generalizes the well known condition that ker(A) = 0 for the uniqueness of a non-integer solution x of Ax = d. A zero maximum of a single linear program ensures the uniqueness of a given integer solution of a linear equation.     

Problema di Dirichlet per l’equazione delle superfici di curvatura media assegnata con dato infinito

Riassunto In questo lavoro si studia il problema di Dirichlet per l’equazione delle superfici di curvatura media assegnata con dato infinito. Si dimostra una condizione necessaria e sufficiente affinchè esista una soluzione. Si dimostra pure un teorema di unicità.

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Summary In this paper we consider the Dirichlet’s problem for surfaces of prescribed mean curvature with infinite data. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the solution. Finally we prove an uniqueness theorem.