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1.
The strong normalization theorem is uniformly proved for typed λ-calculi for a wide range of substructural logics with or without strong negation. We would like to thank the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions. This research was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The second author is grateful to the Foundation for providing excellent working conditions and generous support of this research. This work was also supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) 20700015, 2008.  相似文献   

2.
Self-regulation theories in applied psychology disagree about whether action or perceptions are the focus of regulation. Computational models based on the two conceptualizations were constructed and simulated. In one scenario, they performed identically and in conjunction with participants in a study of the goal-level effect (Vancouver et al., Organ Res Methods 8:100–127, 2005). In another scenario they created differentiating predictions and only the computational model based on the self-regulation of perceptions matched the data of participants. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Jeffrey B. VancouverEmail:
  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, we first consider difference equations with several delays in the neutral term of the form * $$\Delta\left(y_{n}+\sum_{i=1}^{L}p_{i}y_{n-{k_{i}}}-\sum_{j=1}^{M}r_{j}y_{n-{\rho_{j}}}\right)+q_{n}y_{n-\tau}=0\quad \mbox{for}\ n\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}(0),$$ study various cases of coefficients in the neutral term and obtain the asymptotic behavior for non-oscillatory solution of (*) under some hypotheses. Moreover, we consider reaction-diffusion difference equations with several delays in the neutral term of the form $$\begin{array}{l}\Delta_{1}\left(u_{n,m}+\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{L}p_{i}u_{n-{k_{i}},m}-\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{M}r_{j}u_{n-{\rho_{j}},m}\right)+q_{n,m}u_{n-\tau,m}\\[18pt]\quad {}=a^{2}\Delta_{2}^{2}u_{n+1,m-1}\end{array}$$ for (n,m)∈?+(0)×Ω, study various cases of coefficients in the neutral term and obtain the asymptotic behavior for non-oscillatory solution under some hypotheses.  相似文献   

4.
We denote by ? \((\mathcal{P_{+}})\) the set of all probability measures defined on the Borel subsets of the real line (the positive half-line [0,∞)). K. Urbanik defined the generalized convolution as a commutative and associative ?+-valued binary operation ? on ? + 2 which is continuous in each variable separately. This convolution is distributive with respect to convex combinations and scale changes T a (a>0) with δ 0 as the unit element. The key axiom of a generalized convolution is the following: there exist norming constants c n and a measure ν other than δ 0 such that \(T_{c_{n}}\delta_{1}^{\bullet n}\to\nu\).In Sect. 2 we discuss basic properties of the generalized convolution on ? which hold for the convolutions without the key axiom. This rather technical discussion is important for the weak generalized convolution where the key axiom is not a natural assumption. In Sect. 4 we show that if the weak generalized convolution defined by a weakly stable measure μ has this property, then μ is a factor of strictly stable distribution.  相似文献   

5.
In this work, we consider the function pod(n), the number of partitions of an integer n wherein the odd parts are distinct (and the even parts are unrestricted), a function which has arisen in recent work of Alladi. Our goal is to consider this function from an arithmetic point of view in the spirit of Ramanujan’s congruences for the unrestricted partition function p(n). We prove a number of results for pod(n) including the following infinite family of congruences: for all α≥0 and n≥0,
pod(32a+3n+\frac23×32a+2+18) o 0 (mod 3).\mathrm{pod}\biggl(3^{2\alpha+3}n+\frac{23\times3^{2\alpha+2}+1}{8}\biggr)\equiv 0\ (\mathrm{mod}\ 3).  相似文献   

6.
Let (X i ) be a stationary and ergodic Markov chain with kernel Q and f an L 2 function on its state space. If Q is a normal operator and f=(I?Q)1/2 g (which is equivalent to the convergence of \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}Q^{k}f}{n^{3/2}}\) in L 2), we have the central limit theorem [cf. (Derriennic and Lin in C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sér. I 323:1053–1057, 1996; Gordin and Lif?ic in Third Vilnius conference on probability and statistics, vol. 1, pp. 147–148, 1981)]. Without assuming normality of Q, the CLT is implied by the convergence of \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\|\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}Q^{k}f\|_{2}}{n^{3/2}}\), in particular by \(\|\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}Q^{k}f\|_{2}=o(\sqrt{n}/\log^{q}n)\), q>1 by Maxwell and Woodroofe (Ann. Probab. 28:713–724, 2000) and Wu and Woodroofe (Ann. Probab. 32:1674–1690, 2004), respectively. We show that if Q is not normal and f∈(I?Q)1/2 L 2, or if the conditions of Maxwell and Woodroofe or of Wu and Woodroofe are weakened to \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}c_{n}\frac{\|\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}Q^{k}f\|_{2}}{n^{3/2}}<\infty\) for some sequence c n ↘0, or by \(\|\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}Q^{k}f\|_{2}=O(\sqrt{n}/\log n)\), the CLT need not hold.  相似文献   

7.
8.
We give an overview of the dissertation “Trade execution in illiquid markets: Optimal stochastic control and multi-agent equilibria” (Schöneborn, PhD thesis, TU Berlin, 2008). The dissertation focuses on two questions in the field of optimal trade execution strategies: First, how should traders best sell an illiquid asset position if they want to maximize the expected utility of liquidation proceeds? And second, in a situation where one market participant needs to liquidate a position, what is the effect of other market participants obtaining advance information of this impending liquidation?  相似文献   

9.
Let ℳ denote the maximal function along the polynomial curve (γ 1 t,…,γ d t d ):
$\mathcal{M}(f)(x)=\sup_{r>0}\frac{1}{2r}\int_{|t|\leq r}|f(x_1-\gamma_1t,\ldots,x_d-\gamma_dt^d)|\,dt.$\mathcal{M}(f)(x)=\sup_{r>0}\frac{1}{2r}\int_{|t|\leq r}|f(x_1-\gamma_1t,\ldots,x_d-\gamma_dt^d)|\,dt.  相似文献   

10.
Let Π n d denote the space of all spherical polynomials of degree at most n on the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{d}Let Π n d denote the space of all spherical polynomials of degree at most n on the unit sphere \mathbbSd\mathbb{S}^{d} of ℝ d+1, and let d(x,y) denote the geodesic distance arccos xy between x,y ? \mathbbSdx,y\in\mathbb{S}^{d} . Given a spherical cap
B(e,a)={x ? \mathbbSd:d(x,e) £ a}    (e ? \mathbbSd, a ? (0,p) is bounded awayfrom p),B(e,\alpha)=\big\{x\in\mathbb{S}^{d}:d(x,e)\leq\alpha\big\}\quad \bigl(e\in\mathbb{S}^{d},\ \alpha\in(0,\pi)\ \mbox{is bounded awayfrom}\ \pi\bigr),  相似文献   

11.
Let H be an infinite-dimensional real Hilbert space equipped with the scalar product (⋅,⋅) H . Let us consider three linear bounded operators,
We define the functions
where a i H and α i ∈ℝ. In this paper, we discuss the closure and the convexity of the sets Φ H ⊂ℝ2 and F H ⊂ℝ3 defined by
Our work can be considered as an extension of Polyak’s results concerning the finite-dimensional case.  相似文献   

12.
Let H (t, x, p) be a Hamiltonian function that is convex in p. Let the associated Lagrangian satisfy the nonstandard minorization condition where m > 0, ω > 0, and C ≥ 0 are constants. Under some additional conditions, we prove that the associated value function is the unique viscosity solution of S t + H(t, x, ∇S) = 0 in , without any conditions at infinity on the solution. Here ωT < π/2. To the Hamilton–Jacobi equation corresponding to the classical action integrand in mechanics, we adjoin the continuity equation and establish the existence and uniqueness of a viscosity–measure solution (S, ρ) of
This system arises in the WKB method. The measure solution is defined by means of the Filippov flow of ∇S.   相似文献   

13.
In this paper, we consider the following nonlinear Kirchhoff wave equation
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}u_{tt}-\frac{\partial }{\partial x}(\mu (u,\Vert u_{x}\Vert ^{2})u_{x})=f(x,t,u,u_{x},u_{t}),\quad 0
(1)
where \(\widetilde{u}_{0}\), \(\widetilde{u}_{1}\), μ, f, g are given functions and \(\Vert u_{x}\Vert ^{2}=\int_{0}^{1}u_{x}^{2}(x,t)dx.\) To the problem (1), we associate a linear recursive scheme for which the existence of a local and unique weak solution is proved by applying the Faedo–Galerkin method and the weak compact method. In particular, motivated by the asymptotic expansion of a weak solution in only one, two or three small parameters in the researches before now, an asymptotic expansion of a weak solution in many small parameters appeared on both sides of (1)1 is studied.
  相似文献   

14.
The Cauchy problem for a semilinear hyperbolic system of the type
is considered, with each matrix function A k being diagonal, bounded and locally Lipschitz in x. Discrete models for the Boltzmann equation furnish examples of such systems. For bounded initial data, and right-hand side that is locally Lipschitz and locally bounded in u, local existence and uniqueness results in L are well known, together with some estimates on weak solutions. More precise estimates for weak solutions of the above Cauchy problem will be given, supplemented by estimates on the maximal time of existence for the solution, as well as the local existence and uniqueness in L p setting (1 < p < ∞). This work is supported in part by the Croatian MZOS through project 037-0372787-2795.  相似文献   

15.
Let X1, X2,... be, i.i.d. random variables, and put . We find necessary and sufficient moment conditions for , where δ≥ 0 and q>0, and with an>0 and bn is either or The series f(x) we deal with are classical series studied by Hsu and Robbins, Erdős, Spitzer, Baum and Katz, Davis, Lai, Gut, etc  相似文献   

16.
This paper is devoted to the study of uniform energy decay rates of solutions to the wave equation with Cauchy–Ventcel boundary conditions:
where Ω is a bounded domain of (n ≥ 2) having a smooth boundary , such that with , being closed and disjoint. It is known that if a(x) = 0 then the uniform exponential stability never holds even if a linear frictional feedback is applied to the entire boundary of the domain [see, for instance, Hemmina (ESAIM, Control Optim Calc Var 5:591–622, 2000, Thm. 3.1)]. Let be a smooth function; define ω 1 to be a neighbourhood of , and subdivide the boundary into two parts: and . Now, let ω 0 be a neighbourhood of . We prove that if a(x) ≥ a 0 > 0 on the open subset and if g is a monotone increasing function satisfying k|s| ≤ |g(s)| ≤ K|s| for all |s| ≥ 1, then the energy of the system decays uniformly at the rate quantified by the solution to a certain nonlinear ODE dependent on the damping [as in Lasiecka and Tataru (Differ Integral Equ 6:507–533, 1993)]. Research of Marcelo M. Cavalcanti was partially supported by the CNPq Grant 300631/2003-0. Research of Valéria N. Domingos Cavalcanti was partially supported by the CNPq Grant 304895/2003-2.  相似文献   

17.
We consider a class of fourth-order nonlinear difference equations of the form
where α and β are the ratios of odd positive integers, and {p n } and {q n } are positive real sequences defined for all satisfying the condition
We classify the nonoscillatory solutions of (Ω) and establish necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the existence of nonoscillatory solutions with specific asymptotic behavior. Supported by Ministry of Science, Technology and Development of Republic of Serbia – Grant No. 144003.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, we are concerned with the multiplicity of standing wave solutions of nonlinear Schr?dinger equations with electromagnetic fields
for sufficiently large λ, where i is the imaginary unit, for N ≥ 3 and 2 < p < + ∞ for N = 1, 2. a(x) is a real continuous function on is such that A j (x) is a real local H?lder continuous function on for j = 1, 2, ... ,N. We assume that a(x) is nonnegative and has a potential well consisting of k components . We show that for any non-empty subset has a standing wave solution which is trapped in a neighborhood of for λ large.   相似文献   

19.
We construct explicit generating sets S n and of the alternating and the symmetric groups, which turn the Cayley graphs and into a family of bounded degree expanders for all n.  相似文献   

20.
The solution u of the well-posed problem
depends continuously on (a ij ,β,γ,q). Dedicated to Karl H. Hofmann on his 75th birthday.  相似文献   

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