空间网格上的三次GC^1插值格式

本文得到了由三次参数多项式构造的ＧＣ＾１插值格式，该插值格式定义在由空间三角一菜和空间四边形构成的空间网格上，并通过该网格的所有网点，同时在每个网点处以事先给定的平面为切平面。     

地形构造中地震波传播的非对称交错网格模拟

提出了一种新的三维空间对称交错网格差分方法，模拟地形构造中弹性波传播过程．通过具有二阶时间精度和四阶空间精度的不规则网格差分算子用来近似一阶弹性波动方程，引入附加差分公式解决非均匀交错网格的不对称问题．该方法无需在精细网格和粗糙网格间进行插值，所有网格点上的计算在同一次空间迭代中完成．使用精细不规则网格处理海底粗糙界面、断层和空间界面等复杂几何构造，理论分析和数值算例表明，该方法不但节省了大量内存和计算时间，而且具有令人满意的稳定性和精度．在模拟地形构造中地震波传播时，该方法比常规方法效率更高．     

距离网点集在E~n中的分治嵌入法及其应用

提出了一种距离网点集在Euclid空间中的分治嵌入法,讨论了距离界网点集在Euclid空间中的嵌入问题以及在生物大分子结构计算中的应用。     

求解定常不可压Stokes方程的两层罚函数方法

借助于两套有限元网格空间提出了一种求解定常不可压Stokes方程的两层罚函数方法.该方法只需要求解粗网格空间上的Stokes方程和细网格空间上的两个易于求解的罚参数方程（离散后的线性方程组具有相同的对称正定系数矩阵）.收敛性分析表明粗网格空间相对于细网格空间可以选择很小，并且罚参数的选取只与粗网格步长和问题的正则性有关.因此罚参数不必选择很小仍能够得到最优解.最后通过数值算例验证了上述理论结果，并且数值对比可知两层罚函数方法对于求解定常不可压Stokes方程具有很好的效果.     

基于灰色投影面积关联度的面板数据聚类方法及应用

为拓展灰色关联分析在面板数据中的应用,针对面板数据的三维特征,将面板数据转化为空间网格.然后基于二维灰色投影关联度,利用空间网格在时间和对象平面上的投影面积,定义了三维灰色投影面积关联度模型.为了解决因为维度不同而导致的关联度差异过大问题,引入灰色聚类检验模型,给出了三维灰色投影面积关联度的面板聚类步骤.最后通过对珠三角四市的空气质量问题的聚类分析,结果表明各类别的差异明显,层次划分清楚,证实了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

等高线方法及其应用

起伏大地的表面可以视为三维空间中的曲面，如果我们用平行于海平面的不同高度的平面去截这个曲面，截得的交线就是等高线，若干条等高线投影到坐标平面上构成等高线簇，它就是这个空间曲面的平面表示图，等高线簇是一系列环状曲线，同一等高线上的点的高度相同，从一条等高线到另一条等高线，无论经由什么途径，高度都要改变，因此由等高线簇可以勾画出空间曲面的轮廓。     

高考专题复习系列讲座——直线、平面和简单几何体

[考试内容及考试要求]考试内害：平面及其基本性质，平面图形直观图的画法．平行直线，直线和平面平行的判定与性质，直线和平面垂直的判定，三垂线定理及其逆定理，两个平面的位置关系。空间向量及其加法、减法与数乘．空间向量的坐标表示．空间向量的数量积，直线的方向向量，异面直线所成的角．异面直线的公垂线．异面直线的距离＋直线和平面垂直的性质，平面的法向量，点到平面的距离．直线和平面所成的角，向量在平面内的射影，平行平面的判定和性质，平行平面间的距离，二面角及其平面角，两个平面垂直的判定和性质，多面体、正多面体、棱柱、棱锥、球．     

n个平面分割空间的块数

一、问题的提出 　　某大学一研究生向我校老师提出这样一个问题:空间n个平面最多可把空间分成几块? 　　1个平面分成2块,2个平面分成4块,3个平面分成8块,4个平面或更多时就很难想象得出了.必须用科学的方法才行.为此,我们确定了由简到繁,由特殊到一般的思路,即先降维,再升维.……     

空间向量，夹角与距离

本单元的重点是：空间向量的概念和运算，空间向量的坐标运算．直线的方向向量、平面的法向量、向量在平面内的射影等概念．两种角（斜线与平面所成的角，二面角）的概念和计算，两个平面垂直的判定和性质．空间四种距离的定义和计算．     

化归思想在线面角中的运用探索

在立体几何中,空间向平面的化归是重要的思想方法,教学重点之一是空间角(异面直线所成角、直线与平面所成角、二面角)的计算.所以在对空间角的教学中,培养学生由空间向平面的化归思想是重要途径.下面从线面角的教学谈化归思想的培养.1.在线面角概念教学中渗透化归思想空间直线与平面所成角(简称线面角)是转化为平面内两相交直线的夹角.斜线和它在平面上的射影所成角是这条斜线和平面内经过斜足的直线所成的一切角中最小的角.证明:设平面α的一条斜线l在α内的射影为l′,角θ是l与l′所成的角.直线OD是平面α内与l′不同的任意一条直线,过点…     

Elementary counterexamples to Kodaira vanishing in prime characteristic

Using methods from the modular representation theory of algebraic groups one can construct [1] a projective homogeneous space forSL ₄, in prime characteristic, which violates Kodaira vanishing. In this note we show how elementary algebraic geometry can be used to simplify and generalize this example.     

LFC bumps on separable Banach spaces

In this note we construct a C^∞-smooth, LFC (Locally depending on Finitely many Coordinates) bump function, in every separable Banach space admitting a continuous, LFC bump function.     

Interpolatory Wavelet Packets

In this note, we present a construction of interpolatory wavelet packets. Interpolatory wavelet packets provide a finer decomposition of the 2^jth dilate cardinal interpolation space and hence give a better localization for an adaptive interpolation. This can lead to a more efficient compression scheme which, in turn, provides an interpolation algorithm with a smaller set of data for use in applications.     

Degenerate polynomial patches of degree 11 for almostGC 2 interpolation over triangles

We consider the problem of interpolating scattered data in ³ by analmost geometrically smoothGC ² surface, where almostGC ² meansGC ² except in a finite number of points (the vertices), where the surface isGC ¹. A local method is proposed, based on employing so-called degenerate triangular Bernstein-Bézier patches. We give an analysis of quintic patches forGC ¹ and patches of degree eleven for almostGC ² interpolation.     

Murphy’s law in algebraic geometry: Badly-behaved deformation spaces

We consider the question: “How bad can the deformation space of an object be?” The answer seems to be: “Unless there is some a priori reason otherwise, the deformation space may be as bad as possible.” We show this for a number of important moduli spaces. More precisely, every singularity of finite type over ? (up to smooth parameters) appears on: the Hilbert scheme of curves in projective space; and the moduli spaces of smooth projective general-type surfaces (or higher-dimensional varieties), plane curves with nodes and cusps, stable sheaves, isolated threefold singularities, and more. The objects themselves are not pathological, and are in fact as nice as can be: the curves are smooth, the surfaces are automorphism-free and have very ample canonical bundle, the stable sheaves are torsion-free of rank 1, the singularities are normal and Cohen-Macaulay, etc. This justifies Mumford’s philosophy that even moduli spaces of well-behaved objects should be arbitrarily bad unless there is an a priori reason otherwise. Thus one can construct a smooth curve in projective space whose deformation space has any given number of components, each with any given singularity type, with any given non-reduced behavior. Similarly one can give a surface over $\mathbb{F}_{p}We consider the question: “How bad can the deformation space of an object be?” The answer seems to be: “Unless there is some a priori reason otherwise, the deformation space may be as bad as possible.” We show this for a number of important moduli spaces. More precisely, every singularity of finite type over ℤ (up to smooth parameters) appears on: the Hilbert scheme of curves in projective space; and the moduli spaces of smooth projective general-type surfaces (or higher-dimensional varieties), plane curves with nodes and cusps, stable sheaves, isolated threefold singularities, and more. The objects themselves are not pathological, and are in fact as nice as can be: the curves are smooth, the surfaces are automorphism-free and have very ample canonical bundle, the stable sheaves are torsion-free of rank 1, the singularities are normal and Cohen-Macaulay, etc. This justifies Mumford’s philosophy that even moduli spaces of well-behaved objects should be arbitrarily bad unless there is an a priori reason otherwise. Thus one can construct a smooth curve in projective space whose deformation space has any given number of components, each with any given singularity type, with any given non-reduced behavior. Similarly one can give a surface over that lifts to ℤ/p⁷ but not ℤ/p⁸. (Of course the results hold in the holomorphic category as well.) It is usually difficult to compute deformation spaces directly from obstruction theories. We circumvent this by relating them to more tractable deformation spaces via smooth morphisms. The essential starting point is Mn?v’s universality theorem. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 14B12, 14C05, 14J10, 14H50, 14B07, 14N20, 14D22, 14B05     

Finite volume element approximation and analysis for a kind of semiconductor device simulation

In this paper, we present a finite volume element scheme for a kind of two dimensional semiconductor device simulation. A general framework is developed for finite volume element approximation of the semiconductor problems. We construct a fully discrete finite volume element scheme based on triangulations with a piecewise linear finite element space and a general type of control volume. Optimal-order convergence in H ¹-norm is derived.     

A note on vanishing of the functor ext1 for Köthe spaces

In this note we study the relationship between the vanishing of Ext¹(λ(A), λ(A)) and the existence of a regular basis in the Köthe space λ(A). We construct an example of a nuclear Köthe space λ(A) with no regular basis and such that Ext¹(λ(A), λ(A))=0. Then we show that for some classes of Köthe spaces λ(A), the vanishing of Ext¹(λ(A), λ(A)) yields a regular basis for λ(A).     

High‐order numerical methods for one‐dimensional parabolic singularly perturbed problems with regular layers

In this work we construct and analyze some finite difference schemes used to solve a class of time‐dependent one‐dimensional convection‐diffusion problems, which present only regular layers in their solution. We use the implicit Euler or the Crank‐Nicolson method to discretize the time variable and a HODIE finite difference scheme, defined on a piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh, to discretize the spatial variable. In both cases we prove that the numerical method is uniformly convergent with respect to the diffusion parameter, having order near two in space and order one or 3/2, depending on the method used, in time. We show some numerical examples which illustrate the theoretical results, in the case of using the Euler implicit method, and give better numerical behaviour than that predicted theoretically, showing order two in time and order N^?2log²N in space, if the Crank‐Nicolson scheme is used to discretize the time variable. Finally, we construct a numerical algorithm by combining a third order A‐stable SDIRK with two stages and a third‐order HODIE difference scheme, showing its uniformly convergent behavior, reaching order three, up to a logarithmic factor. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005     

Statistical manifolds are statistical models

In this note we prove that any smooth (C¹ resp.) statistical manifold can be embedded into the space of probability measures on a finite set. As a result, we get positive answers to Lauritzen’s question and Amari’s question on a realization of smooth (C¹ resp.) statistical manifolds as finite dimensional statistical models.     

Level Structures on the Weierstrass Family of Cubics

Let W → 𝔸 ² be the universal Weierstrass family of cubic curves over ?. For each N ≥ 2, we construct surfaces parameterizing the three standard kinds of level N structures on the smooth fibers of W. We then complete these surfaces to finite covers of 𝔸 ². Since W → 𝔸 ² is the versal deformation space of a cusp singularity, these surfaces convey information about the level structure on any family of curves of genus g degenerating to a cuspidal curve. Our goal in this note is to determine for which values of N these surfaces are smooth over (0, 0). From a topological perspective, the results determine the homeomorphism type of certain branched covers of S ³ with monodromy in SL₂ (?/N).