平面图形的形心在旋转体体积计算中的应用

本文讨论平面图形绕平面内的直线旋转的旋转体体积与被旋转的平面图形的形心的关系.当被旋转的平面图形的内部与旋转轴没有交点时,得到了用被旋转的平面图形的面积以及被旋转的平面图形的形心到旋转轴的距离表示的旋转体体积公式.     

维数不同的相关量之间的微积分关系

维数不同的相关量之间的微积分关系王金贵（北京电力高等专科学校１０００４４）我们可能都留意过，圆的面积的导数等于圆的周长，即，球的体积的导数等于球的表面积，即．反过来，当然有圆的周长的积分等于圆的面积，即．球的表面积的积分等于球的体积，即．事实上，不仅...     

多元化与公司风险研究

文章研究了公司的系统风险、债务风险和经营风险与公司的多元化程度的相关性。本文的实证结果表明,公司的系统风险与公司的多元化程度是正相关的;公司的债务风险与公司的多元化程度是正相关的;公司的经营风险与公司的多元化程度是负相关的。随着公司多元化程度加深,公司的经营风险会变小,但是公司面临的宏观的资本市场的系统风险和企业自身的债务风险,会随着变大。     

赋权图的圆染色与区间染色

赋权图的区间染色的定义与赋权图的圆染色的定义非常类型,唯一的区别就是将Ｇ的顶点对应圆周上的孤换为Ｇ的顶点对应区间上的子区间,讨论了赋权的圆染色与区染色的关系。     

一个命题的中间点的渐近性

关于中值定理的中间点的渐近性的讨论已得到大量有趣的结果,对于某些经典命题的中间点的渐近性的讨论也是十分有趣的课题,本文给出了数学分析中的一个经典命题的中间点的一个渐近性的刻画.     

李群表示论和Schubert条件

本文将Grassmann流形上的Schubert子簇所满足的经典的Schubert条件推广到一般的复半单李群G的广义旗流形.利用复半单李群的表示理论,我们首先在李群的权空间上引入自然的Ehresman偏序.这一偏序可以导出李群的最高权表示的权系、Weyl群及其陪集空间上的Ehresman偏序.然后我们对一般的复表示定义了相应的射影空间,Grassmann流形和旗流形.这使得能够像经典的情形一样来分析广义旗流形的Schubert子簇满足的Schubert条件.在讨论中,我们还给出了李群G的Weyl群及其陪集空间中的Bruhat-Chevalley偏序的简单判别条件.我们的结果应用到例外群,给出了Fulton提出的关于例外群的Schubert分析的问题的部分回答.     

可引进群运算的两类平面图

在某些文献中,我们常常看到图论与代数的概念及方法的密切联系和交错应用。例如,不久前,Babai等人即考虑了有敏锐的边可迁置换群的有向图,得到了关于这种图的最大外度数的估计的一些定理。而Bertram则反过来借助于图论的概念及方法,给出了关于有限群的某些数值(如非交换群中两两可换的一组元素的最大个数,等等)的大小的估计。 本文也将讨论群与图之间的联系。我们将使某些平面图的顶点与某些置换群的元素相对应,使顶点的序列与群元素的乘积相对应,然后通过对群的性质的研究,发现相应的平面图的顶点度数的一些规律,并据此解决     

关于线性偏微分方程的Cauchy问题的唯一性

<正> Cauchy问题的唯一性是偏微分方程的基本问题之一.经典的Cauchy-Kowalewski定理断言,解析方程或方程组的解析解是唯一的.1901年,Holmgren证明了,线性的解析方程或方程组的光滑解的唯一性.在取消关于系数的解析性的假设这个方向上的第一个结果是由Carleman在1939年给出的,他证明了两个自变量的相应结果,其中假设方程的主部的系数是实的,以及特征根是单重的,因而特征根的虚部如果不恒为零则总不为零.     

动态中国银行网络系统传染性风险研究

银行网络系统的传染性风险是目前国内外研究的重要问题,但是目前针对银行网络系统传染的风险研究均考虑的是静态的网络结构及网络上银行的资产负债也均为静态,忽视了动态的网络结构及银行动态的资产负债的演化.文章首先构建动态演化的银行网络系统,其包括网络结构的动态演化与银行节点的资产负债的动态演化;然后根据中国的实际数据,构建动态演化的中国银行网络系统,进一步研究中国银行网络系统的传染的演化规律,为中央银行制定政策提供决策依据.     

ω_(aδ)~ω∪bω_δ形图簇的伴随分解及其补图的色等价性

研究图的伴随分解及其补图的色等价性.采用伴随多项式的性质讨论图的伴随分解式,通过图的伴随分解式确定其补图的色性.证明了形图簇的伴随多项式的分解定理,从上述定理得到了这类图簇的补图的色等价性.结论通过图的伴随分解研究其补图的色等价性,是有效的途径与方法,从图的伴随分解式容易看出其补图的色等价图的结构规律.     

Utilization and maintenance in a model with scrapping

We consider a productive asset, called equipment or capital good, and we examine the properties of, as well as the interactions between, the operating policies, which are determined by its optimal utilization and maintenance, and the capital policy of scrapping, which defines the optimal time when the productive asset is retired from its current use. Starting with an abstract model and using the approach of optimal control, initially we characterize the various types of equipment by assigning to them a single total profit index, which indicates how the above policies affect the flow of operating revenues plus capital gains or losses. This index is a function of market-determined prices. So using it we then investigate how the operating and capital policies are influenced by the rate of discount, the price of new equipment, and the rise or fall of the price of new equipment relative to the value of its output. Among other interesting results, we find that the effects of these prices on the nature and interactions of optimal policies depend crucially on whether the equipment is of the usual profit making type, where output is the main source of revenue, or of the antique type, where the main source of revenue is capital gains.     

Moment information for probability distributions,without solving the moment problem,II: Main-mass,tails and shape approximation

How much information does a small number of moments carry about the unknown distribution function? Is it possible to explicitly obtain from these moments some useful information, e.g., about the support, the modality, the general shape, or the tails of a distribution, without going into a detailed numerical solution of the moment problem? In this, previous and subsequent papers, clear and easy to implement answers will be given to some questions of this type. First, the question of how to distinguish between the main-mass interval and the tail regions, in the case we know only a number of moments of the target distribution function, will be addressed. The answer to this question is based on a version of the Chebyshev–Stieltjes–Markov inequality, which provides us with upper and lower, moment-based, bounds for the target distribution. Then, exploiting existing asymptotic results in the main-mass region, an explicit, moment-based approximation of the target probability density function is provided. Although the latter cannot be considered, in general, as a satisfactory solution, it can always serve as an initial approximation in any iterative scheme for the numerical solution of the moment problem. Numerical results illustrating all the theoretical statements are also presented.     

卷烟材料组合搭配对主流烟气量及过滤效率的影响

为研究卷烟纸、成型纸、接装纸及嘴棒组合搭配对"中式卷烟"焦油量、烟气烟碱量、烟气水分、烟气一氧化碳量及过滤效率的影响,尝试采用L_(27)(3~(13))裂区正交设计方法对RR卷烟进行在线试验和取样.检测结果经过直观分析、方差分析及贡献率分析,结果表明:嘴棒长度、吸阻及接装纸透气度是影响试验指标的高度显著因素及重要因素.所以重点对嘴棒长度、吸阻及接装纸透气度进行调整和控制,可以很好地实现卷烟产品的质量控制,减少产品质量波动,降低产品成本.使用该方法可快捷、高效、经济、准确地寻找并确定卷烟材料多因素对卷烟主流烟气量及过滤效率的影响规律及卷烟产品的材料搭配优化方案.从而实现卷烟产品材料搭配精益化,满足烟草企业的实际需求.     

Variation of the structure and permeability of tensioned fiber layers during impregnation with a thermoplastic polymer melt

The influence of displacements of tensioned fibers on the impregnation of fibrous layers with a polymer melt and on the final composite structure is studied. Using computer simulation, it is shown that, during impregnation, the structure of tensioned fibrous layers changes considerably depending on the initial arrangement and tensioning of fibers. The consolidated regions formed under the melt front move inside the impregnated layer with the advancing melt front. Displacement of the tensioned fibers as well as the formation of “washouts” favors the impregnation of internal layers, but cause significant inhomogeneity of the polymer structure. The surface (on the side of the melt flow) regions are more saturated with the polymer than the internal ones. A difference in the melt percolation mechanisms at various impregnation regimes is revealed. The effective permeability coefficients of a tensioned fiber layer are not constant but depend on the conditions and regimes of impregnation. Submitted to the 11th Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 259–270, March–April, 2000.     

城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价指标与评价方法

定量的评判城市老旧居住小区整体交通环境质量并进而科学有效的提出老旧小区交通环境更新与改善措施,对城市老旧居住小区交通环境进行了调查,明确了老旧居住小区存在的突出交通问题,并提出了城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价的指标体系,包括行人跨路出行指数、无人行道路段长度占比、停车泊位供需比、路内非法停车占比、平均停车步行距离、泊位数量户数比、人均步行空间、无障碍通道、盲道设置比例、非机动车泊位供需比、地面停放车辆数小区面积比、外部穿行交通周转量小区面积比等。并给出了具体指标的计算方法与获得办法。以长沙市四个典型老旧居住小区为例,对评价方法进行了论证,并得到城市老旧居住小区存在的一般问题,包括人车混杂、人车交织现象严重,停车泊位短缺、车辆乱停乱放,交通设施、特别是弱势群体交通设施缺乏。给出的评价指标、评价方法与结论可为城市老旧小区改造更新,特别是其中很重要的交通环境更新提供决策依据。     

演化博弈视角下XBRL技术采纳的监管策略研究

通过构建政府与企业的非对称博弈模型,研究了二者在XBRL技术采纳的监管过程中的互动策略,并用MATLAB仿真演示了不同参数变化中模型的演化均衡结果。结果表明XBRL技术的成本效益、政府的监管力度、惩罚力度和补贴系数是影响双方博弈系统的关键因素。通过降低技术成本,提高惩罚力度和监管力度,增加对企业的补贴力度,有助于提高企业采纳XBRL的积极性。最后,从降低技术成本、实施不同时期的阶段性监管策略以及变革强制采纳的推广模式,促进多主体协调发展等方面提出推动XBRL技术采纳的管理建议。     

A general theoretical model for the magnetohydrodynamic flow of micropolar magnetic fluids. Application to Stokes flow

Many practical applications, which have an inherent interest of physical and mathematical nature, involve the hydrodynamic flow in the presence of a magnetic field. Magnetic fluids comprise a novel class of engineering materials, where the coexistence of liquid and magnetic properties provides us with the opportunity to solve problems with high mathematical and technical complexity. Here, our purpose is to examine the micropolar magnetohydrodynamic flow of magnetic fluids by considering a colloidal suspension of ferromagnetic material (usually non‐conductive) in a carrier magnetic liquid, which is in general electrically conductive. In this case, the ferromagnetic particles behave as rigid magnetic dipoles. Thus, the application of an external magnetic field, apart from the creation of an induced magnetic field of minor significance, will prevent the rotation of each particle, increasing the effective viscosity of the fluid and will cause the appearance of an additional magnetic pressure. Despite the fact that the general consideration consists of rigid particles of arbitrary shape, the assumption of spherical geometry is a very good approximation as a consequence of their small size. Our goal is to develop a general three‐dimensional theoretical model that conforms to physical reality and at the same time permits the analytical investigation of the partial differential equations, which govern the micropolar hydrodynamic flow in such magnetic liquids. Furthermore, in the aim of establishing the consistency of our proposed model with the principles of both ferrohydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, we take into account both magnetization and electrical conductivity of the fluid, respectively. Under this consideration, we perform an analytical treatment of these equations in order to obtain the three‐dimensional effective viscosity and total pressure in terms of the velocity field, the total (applied and induced) magnetic field and the hydrodynamic and magnetic properties of the fluid, independently of the geometry of the flow. Moreover, we demonstrate the usefulness of our analytical approach by assuming a degenerate case of the aforementioned method, which is based on the reduction of the partial differential equations to a simpler shape that is similar to Stokes flow for the creeping motion of magnetic fluids. In view of this aim, we use the potential representation theory to construct a new complete and unique differential representation of magnetic Stokes flow, valid for non‐axisymmetric geometries, which provides the velocity and total pressure fields in terms of easy‐to‐find potentials, via an analytical fashion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

绩效度量的一致性、敏感性及准确性关系研究

将环境的波动性和度量噪音看作是影响绩效度量的两类不同的随机误差,在Linear-exponential-normal框架下,建立了以价值绩效度量和补偿绩效度量的线性组合为基础的收益激励模型,并分析了激励强度与绩效度量的一致性、敏感性和准确性之间的关系,以及环境波动性对上述关系的影响.研究发现,在确定性环境条件下,激励强度与绩效度量的"信号噪音比"成正比关系,但绩效度量的一致性的提高并不必然增加该度量指标在激励契约中的权重,而要视敏感性或噪音相对于一致性的变化幅度来定.特别地,在绩效度量的敏感性与一致性之间并不存在权衡取舍关系.研究还发现,波动性与激励强度之间存在负向关系,且波动性的存在降低了绩效度量的一致性和敏感性,但波动性对绩效度量的准确性的影响则呈非单调性变化.     

基于评价信息随机化的群体评价方法与应用

针对群体评价中共识集结的相关问题,从仿真的视角讨论了评价信息随机化的群体共识聚合求解方法。首先,面向实数类型的评价信息,将精确性的数据给予一定的宽松性处理,进一步结合正态分布的3σ原则,利用随机模拟的方式集结出带有概率特征的可能性排序;其次,面向区间数类型的评价信息,整合出各子区间发生概率不同的区间数评价信息,在充分随机模拟的情况下,给出了带有优胜概率特征的可能性排序。最后,通过相应的算例进行求解分析,说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。基于群体共识视角,针对实数和区间数两种类型的评价信息,分别进行相应的随机化处理,并为进一步探索区间数的分布形式提供了一种新的研究思路。     

基于ISM与M-F模型的公务员工资普调频率研究

以普调频率为核心的工资增长机制,是我国公务员工资制度改革悬而未决的难点问题,其关键在于分析影响因素并确定普调周期。文章采用ISM、M-F等方法,对我国公务员工资普调频率影响因素进行量化分析,旨在通过研究各因素影响时效的衍变规律,寻求长期稳态下最适宜的普调周期。研究发现,基于时效周期的工资普调影响指标体系包含24项因素,其中CPI等8项流量因素构成短期时效层,自身变化及影响时效短,易波动,综合影响期为1.55年;平均任职时间等13项存量因素构成中期时效层,指标变动具有长期累积性,综合影响期为3.11年;工资差异结构等3项支配因素构成长期时效层,反映工资供求矛盾状态,综合影响期为4.53年;在24项因素综合作用下,系统于2.34年达到了长期稳态水平,各项影响因素实现了最佳平衡,可近似将2.50年设计为普调周期。