Continuity of posets via Scott topology and sobrification

In this paper, posets which may not be dcpos are considered. The concept of embedded bases for posets is introduced. Characterizations of continuity of posets in terms of embedded bases and Scott topology are given. The main results are:

(1)

A poset is continuous iff it is an embedded basis for a dcpo up to an isomorphism;

(2)

A poset is continuous iff its Scott topology is completely distributive;

(3)

A topological T₀ space is a continuous poset equipped with the Scott topology in the specialization order iff its topology is completely distributive and coarser than or equal to the Scott topology;

(4)

A topological T₁ space is a discrete space iff its topology is completely distributive.

These results generalize the relevant results obtained by J.D. Lawson for dcpos.     

Group-valued continuous functions with the topology of pointwise convergence

Let G be a topological group with the identity element e. Given a space X, we denote by Cp(X,G) the group of all continuous functions from X to G endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence, and we say that X is: (a) G-regular if, for each closed set F⊆X and every point x∈X?F, there exist f∈Cp(X,G) and g∈G?{e} such that f(x)=g and f(F)⊆{e}; (b) G^?-regular provided that there exists g∈G?{e} such that, for each closed set F⊆X and every point x∈X?F, one can find f∈Cp(X,G) with f(x)=g and f(F)⊆{e}. Spaces X and Y are G-equivalent provided that the topological groups Cp(X,G) and Cp(Y,G) are topologically isomorphic.We investigate which topological properties are preserved by G-equivalence, with a special emphasis being placed on characterizing topological properties of X in terms of those of Cp(X,G). Since R-equivalence coincides with l-equivalence, this line of research “includes” major topics of the classical Cp-theory of Arhangel'ski? as a particular case (when G=R).We introduce a new class of TAP groups that contains all groups having no small subgroups (NSS groups). We prove that: (i) for a given NSS group G, a G-regular space X is pseudocompact if and only if Cp(X,G) is TAP, and (ii) for a metrizable NSS group G, a G^?-regular space X is compact if and only if Cp(X,G) is a TAP group of countable tightness. In particular, a Tychonoff space X is pseudocompact (compact) if and only if Cp(X,R) is a TAP group (of countable tightness). Demonstrating the limits of the result in (i), we give an example of a precompact TAP group G and a G-regular countably compact space X such that Cp(X,G) is not TAP.We show that Tychonoff spaces X and Y are T-equivalent if and only if their free precompact Abelian groups are topologically isomorphic, where T stays for the quotient group R/Z. As a corollary, we obtain that T-equivalence implies G-equivalence for every Abelian precompact group G. We establish that T-equivalence preserves the following topological properties: compactness, pseudocompactness, σ-compactness, the property of being a Lindelöf Σ-space, the property of being a compact metrizable space, the (finite) number of connected components, connectedness, total disconnectedness. An example of R-equivalent (that is, l-equivalent) spaces that are not T-equivalent is constructed.     

Scalar conservation laws with general boundary condition and continuous flux function

We introduce a notion of entropy solution for a scalar conservation law on a bounded domain with nonhomogeneous boundary condition: ut+divΦ(u)=f on Q=(0,T)×Ω, u(0,⋅)=u₀ on Ω and “u=a on some part of the boundary (0,T)×∂Ω.” Existence and uniqueness of the entropy solution is established for any Φ∈C(R;RN), u₀∈L^∞(Ω), f∈L^∞(Q), a∈L^∞((0,T)×∂Ω). In the L¹-setting, a corresponding result is proved for the more general notion of renormalised entropy solution.     

Distance-hereditary graphs and signpost systems

An ordered pair (U,R) is called a signpost system if U is a finite nonempty set, R⊆U×U×U, and the following axioms hold for all u,v,w∈U: (1) if (u,v,w)∈R, then (v,u,u)∈R; (2) if (u,v,w)∈R, then (v,u,w)∉R; (3) if u≠v, then there exists t∈U such that (u,t,v)∈R. (If F is a (finite) connected graph with vertex set U and distance function d, then U together with the set of all ordered triples (u,v,w) of vertices in F such that d(u,v)=1 and d(v,w)=d(u,w)−1 is an example of a signpost system). If (U,R) is a signpost system and G is a graph, then G is called the underlying graph of (U,R) if V(G)=U and xy∈E(G) if and only if (x,y,y)∈R (for all x,y∈U). It is possible to say that a signpost system shows a way how to travel in its underlying graph. The following result is proved: Let (U,R) be a signpost system and let G denote the underlying graph of (U,R). Then G is connected and every induced path in G is a geodesic in G if and only if (U,R) satisfies axioms (4)-(8) stated in this paper; note that axioms (4)-(8)-similarly as axioms (1)-(3)-can be formulated in the language of the first-order logic.     

Browder-Weyl theorems, tensor products and multiplications

A Banach space operator T∈B(X) satisfies Browder's theorem if the complement of the Weyl spectrum σw(T) of T in σ(T) equals the set of Riesz points of T; T is polaroid if the isolated points of σ(T) are poles (no restriction on rank) of the resolvent of T. Let Φ(T) denote the set of Fredholm points of T. Browder's theorem transfers from A,B∈B(X) to S=LARB (resp., S=A⊗B) if and only if A and B^∗ (resp., A and B) have SVEP at points μ∈Φ(A) and ν∈Φ(B) for which λ=μν∉σw(S). If A and B are finitely polaroid, then the polaroid property transfers from A∈B(X) and B∈B(Y) to LARB; again, restricting ourselves to the completion of X⊗Y in the projective topology, if A and B are finitely polaroid, then the polaroid property transfers from A∈B(X) and B∈B(Y) to A⊗B.     

Topologies on products of partially ordered sets III: Order convergence and order topology

This paper deals with the question under which circumstances filter-theoretical order convergence in a product of posets may be computed componentwise, and the same problem is treated for convergence in the order topology (which may differ from order convergence). The main results are:

1. Order convergence in a product of posets is obtained componentwise if and only if the number of non-bounded posets occurring in this product is finite (1.5).
2. For any product of posets, the projections are open and continuous with respect to the order topologies (2.1).
3. A productL of chainsL _i has topological order convergence iff all but a finite number of the chains are bounded. In this case, the order topology onL agrees with the product topology (2.7).
4. If (L _i :j ∈J) is a countable family of lattices with topological order convergence and first countable order topologies then order topology of the product lattice and product topology coincide (2.8).
5. LetP ₁ be a poset with topological order convergence and locally compact order topology. Then for any posetP ₂, the order topology ofP ₁?P ₂ coincides with the product topology (2.10).
6. A latticeL which is a topological lattice in its order topology is join- and meet-continuous. The converse holds whenever the order topology ofL?L is the product topology (2.15).

Many examples are presented in order to illustrate how far the obtained results are as sharp as possible.     

Strongly continuous posets and the local Scott topology

In this paper, the concept of strongly continuous posets (SC-posets, for short) is introduced. A new intrinsic topology—the local Scott topology is defined and used to characterize SC-posets and weak monotone convergence spaces. Four notions of continuity on posets are compared in detail and some subtle counterexamples are constructed. Main results are: (1) A poset is an SC-poset iff its local Scott topology is equal to its Scott topology and is completely distributive iff it is a continuous precup; (2) For precups, PI-continuity, LC-continuity, SC-continuity and the usual continuity are equal, whereas they are mutually different for general posets; (3) A T₀-space is an SC-poset equipped with the Scott topology iff the space is a weak monotone convergence space with a completely distributive topology contained in the local Scott topology of the specialization order.     

Density of sets of natural numbers and the Lévy group

Let N denote the set of positive integers. The asymptotic density of the set A⊆N is d(A)=limn→∞|A∩[1,n]|/n, if this limit exists. Let AD denote the set of all sets of positive integers that have asymptotic density, and let SN denote the set of all permutations of the positive integers N. The group L^? consists of all permutations f∈SN such that A∈AD if and only if f(A)∈AD, and the group L^* consists of all permutations f∈L^? such that d(f(A))=d(A) for all A∈AD. Let be a one-to-one function such that d(f(N))=1 and, if A∈AD, then f(A)∈AD. It is proved that f must also preserve density, that is, d(f(A))=d(A) for all A∈AD. Thus, the groups L^? and L^* coincide.     

Topological divisors of zero and Shilov boundary

Let L be a field complete for a non-trivial ultrametric absolute value and let (A,‖⋅‖) be a commutative normed L-algebra with unity whose spectral semi-norm is ‖⋅_‖si. Let Mult(A,‖⋅‖) be the set of continuous multiplicative semi-norms of A, let S be the Shilov boundary for (A,‖⋅_‖si) and let ψ∈Mult(A,‖⋅_‖si). Then ψ belongs to S if and only if for every neighborhood U of ψ in Mult(A,‖⋅‖), there exists θ∈U and g∈A satisfying ‖g_‖si=θ(g) and . Suppose A is uniform, let f∈A and let Z(f)={?∈Mult(A,‖⋅‖)|?(f)=0}. Then f is a topological divisor of zero if and only if there exists ψ∈S such that ψ(f)=0. Suppose now A is complete. If f is not a divisor of zero, then it is a topological divisor of zero if and only if the ideal fA is not closed in A. Suppose A is ultrametric, complete and Noetherian. All topological divisors of zero are divisors of zero. This applies to affinoid algebras. Let A be a Krasner algebra H(D) without non-trivial idempotents: an element f∈H(D) is a topological divisor of zero if and only if fH(D) is not a closed ideal; moreover, H(D) is a principal ideal ring if and only if it has no topological divisors of zero but 0 (this new condition adds to the well-known set of equivalent conditions found in 1969).     

The bitwisted Cartesian model for the free loop fibration

Using the notion of truncating twisting function from a simplicial set to a cubical set a special, bitwisted, Cartesian product of these sets is defined. For the universal truncating twisting function, the (co)chain complex of the corresponding bitwisted Cartesian product agrees with the standard Cartier (Hochschild) chain complex of the simplicial (co)chains. The modelling polytopes Fn are constructed. An explicit diagonal on Fn is defined and a multiplicative model for the free loop fibration ΩY→ΛY→Y is obtained. As an application we establish an algebra isomorphism H^∗(ΛY;Z)≈S(U)⊗Λ(s−1U) for the polynomial cohomology algebra H^∗(Y;Z)=S(U).     

Hyperbolic topology of normed linear spaces

In a previous paper [H. Tsuiki, Y. Hattori, Lawson topology of the space of formal balls and the hyperbolic topology of a metric space, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 405 (2008) 198–205], the authors introduced the hyperbolic topology on a metric space, which is weaker than the metric topology and naturally derived from the Lawson topology on the space of formal balls. In this paper, we characterize spaces L_p(Ω,Σ,μ) on which the hyperbolic topology induced by the norm _p coincides with the norm topology. We show the following:

(1) The hyperbolic topology and the norm topology coincide for 1<p<∞.

(2) They coincide on L₁(Ω,Σ,μ) if and only if μ(Ω)=0 or Ω has a finite partition by atoms.

(3) They coincide on L_∞(Ω,Σ,μ) if and only if μ(Ω)=0 or there is an atom in Σ.

On the supremum of the pseudocompact group topologies

P is the class of pseudocompact Hausdorff topological groups, and P^′ is the class of groups which admit a topology T such that (G,T)∈P. It is known that every G=(G,T)∈P is totally bounded, so for G∈P^′ the supremum T^∨(G) of all pseudocompact group topologies on G and the supremum T#(G) of all totally bounded group topologies on G satisfy T^∨⊆T#.The authors conjecture for abelian G∈P^′ that T^∨=T#. That equality is established here for abelian G∈P^′ with any of these (overlapping) properties. (a) G is a torsion group; (b) |G|?c²; (c) r₀(G)=|G|=ω|G|; (d) |G| is a strong limit cardinal, and r₀(G)=|G|; (e) some topology T with (G,T)∈P satisfies w(G,T)?c; (f) some pseudocompact group topology on G is metrizable; (g) G admits a compact group topology, and r₀(G)=|G|. Furthermore, the product of finitely many abelian G∈P^′, each with the property T^∨(G)=T#(G), has the same property.     

The crossed product by a partial endomorphism and the covariance algebra

Given a local homeomorphism where U⊆X is clopen and X is a compact and Hausdorff topological space, we obtain the possible transfer operators Lρ which may occur for given by α(f)=f○σ. We obtain examples of partial dynamical systems (XA,σA) such that the construction of the covariance algebra C^∗(XA,σA), proposed by B.K. Kwasniewski, and the crossed product by a partial endomorphism O(XA,α,L), recently introduced by the author and R. Exel, associated to this system are not equivalent, in the sense that there does not exist an invertible function ρ∈C(U) such that O(XA,α,Lρ)≅C^∗(XA,σA).     

All-derivable points of operator algebras

Let A be an operator subalgebra in B(H), where H is a Hilbert space. We say that an element Z∈A is an all-derivable point of A for the norm-topology (strongly operator topology, etc.) if, every norm-topology (strongly operator topology, etc.) continuous derivable linear mapping φ at Z (i.e. φ(ST)=φ(S)T+Sφ(T) for any S,T∈A with ST=Z) is a derivation. In this paper, we show that every invertible operator in the nest algebra is an all-derivable point of the nest algebra for the strongly operator topology. We also prove that every nonzero element of the algebra of all 2×2 upper triangular matrixes is an all-derivable point of the algebra.     

Endpoint estimates for the commutator of pseudo-differential operators

It is well known that the commutator Tb of the Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operator is bounded on L^p(Rⁿ) for 1 < p < +∞ if and only if b ∈ BMO [1]. On the other hand, the commutator T_b is bounded from H¹(Rⁿ) into L¹(Rⁿ) only if the function b is a constant [2]. In this article, we will discuss the boundedness of commutator of certain pseudo-differential operators on Hardy spaces H¹. Let T^σ be the operators that its symbol is S⁰_1,δ with 0 ≤ δ < 1, if b ∈ LMO_∞, then, the commutator [b, T^σ] is bounded from H¹(Rⁿ) into L¹(Rⁿ) and from L¹(Rⁿ) into BMO(Rⁿ); If [b, T^σ] is bounded from H¹(Rⁿ) into L¹(Rⁿ) or L¹(Rⁿ) into BMO(Rⁿ), then, b ∈ LMO_loc.     

An example concerning the zero set of the Jacobian

Let f∈W1,1(Ω,Rn) be a homeomorphism of finite distortion K. It is known that if K1/(n−1)∈L¹(Ω), then the Jacobian Jf of f is positive almost everywhere in Ω. We will show that this integrability assumption on K is sharp in any Orlicz-scale: if α is increasing function (satisfying minor technical assumptions) such that limt→∞α(t)=∞, then there exists f such that K1/(n−1)/α(K)∈L¹(Ω) and Jf vanishes in a set of positive measure.     

Boundedness of rough singular integral operators on the Triebel-Lizorkin spaces

We consider the singular integral operator T with kernel K(x)=Ω(x)/n|x| and prove its boundedness on the Triebel-Lizorkin spaces provided that Ω satisfies a size condition which contains the case Ω∈Lr(Sn−1), r>1.     

Linear maps preserving the minimum and surjectivity moduli of Hilbert space operators

Let B(H) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex infinite-dimensional Hilbert space H. For every T∈B(H), let m(T) and q(T) denote the minimum modulus and surjectivity modulus of T respectively. Let ?:B(H)→B(H) be a surjective linear map. In this paper, we prove that the following assertions are equivalent:

(i)

m(T)=m(?(T)) for all T∈B(H),

(ii)

q(T)=q(?(T)) for all T∈B(H),

(iii)

there exist two unitary operators U,V∈B(H) such that ?(T)=UTV for all T∈B(H).

This generalizes the result of Mbekhta [7, Theorem 3.1] to the non-unital case.     

Group topologies coarser than the Isbell topology

The Isbell, compact-open and point-open topologies on the set C(X,R) of continuous real-valued maps can be represented as the dual topologies with respect to some collections α(X) of compact families of open subsets of a topological space X. Those α(X) for which addition is jointly continuous at the zero function in Cα(X,R) are characterized, and sufficient conditions for translations to be continuous are found. As a result, collections α(X) for which Cα(X,R) is a topological vector space are defined canonically. The Isbell topology coincides with this vector space topology if and only if X is infraconsonant. Examples based on measure theoretic methods, that Cα(X,R) can be strictly finer than the compact-open topology, are given. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a splitting group topology strictly finer than the compact-open topology.     

Maps preserving peripheral spectrum of Jordan semi-triple products of operators

Let A and B be (not necessarily unital or closed) standard operator algebras on complex Banach spaces X and Y, respectively. For a bounded linear operator A on X, the peripheral spectrum σ_π(A) of A is the set σ_π(A)={z∈σ(A):|z|=max_ω∈σ(A)|ω|}, where σ(A) denotes the spectrum of A. Assume that Φ:A→B is a map the range of which contains all operators of rank at most two. It is shown that the map Φ satisfies the condition that σ_π(BAB)=σ_π(Φ(B)Φ(A)Φ(B)) for all A,B∈A if and only if there exists a scalar λ∈C with λ³=1 and either there exists an invertible operator T∈B(X,Y) such that Φ(A)=λTAT^-1 for every A∈A; or there exists an invertible operator T∈B(X^∗,Y) such that Φ(A)=λTA^∗T^-1 for every A∈A. If X=H and Y=K are complex Hilbert spaces, the maps preserving the peripheral spectrum of the Jordan skew semi-triple product BA^∗B are also characterized. Such maps are of the form A?UAU^∗ or A?UA^tU^∗, where U∈B(H,K) is a unitary operator, A^t denotes the transpose of A in an arbitrary but fixed orthonormal basis of H.