基于等效原理的波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥动力特性分析

为了简化波形钢腹板组合箱梁的三维有限元建模过程,通过刚度和位移等效的方法将三维波形钢腹板有限元模型简化为二维正交各向异性板的有限元模型.简化之后的有限元模型几何外形简单,单元和自由度的数量大幅降低,减少了计算时间,提高了计算效率.通过对比三维波形钢腹板组合箱梁有限元模型的自振频率计算结果、二维等效正交各向异性板组合箱梁有限元模型的自振频率计算结果以及实测频率值,发现三者吻合良好,验证了等效模型有限元建模方法的正确性和可靠性.研究结论可为波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥提供一种简单的有限元建模方法.     

波形钢腹板-钢底板-混凝土顶板连续组合箱梁的剪力滞效应

考虑混凝土顶板和钢底板不同的模量,结合变分法推导了波形钢腹板-钢底板-混凝土顶板(CSWSBCT)组合箱梁剪力滞效应的控制微分方程组和边界条件,建立了CSWSBCT两跨连续箱梁跨中集中荷载、均布荷载作用下剪力滞系数的计算公式,采用模型试验梁对两种荷载工况下连续组合箱梁的剪力滞效应进行了分析.结果表明:其理论计算值与模型试验实测值和有限元值在波形钢腹板的顶底板上三者吻合较好,变化趋势一致,验证了计算公式的正确性;均布荷载作用下中间支点截面处顶底板的剪力滞系数最大值大于集中荷载工况下最大值,且在两种荷载工况下中间支点截面处波形钢腹板和混凝土顶板、钢底板交界处的剪力滞效应突出.     

波形钢腹板箱梁畸变应力分析

在对梯形截面箱梁的畸变角给出一般定义的基础上,根据传统混凝土箱形梁的理论及波形钢腹板的力学特性,对波形钢腹板组合箱梁的畸变翘曲应力进行推导,应用基于势能驻值原理的能量变分法,建立了以所定义的畸变角为未知量的控制微分方程,并给出其初参数解.采用初参数法求出波形钢腹板组合箱梁的畸变角和畸变双力矩,最终得到纵向畸变翘曲应力.通过算例对比分析了传统混凝土箱梁和波形钢腹板组合箱梁顶板与腹板及底板与腹板交点处的畸变翘曲应力,分析结果表明:由于波形钢腹板组合箱梁腹板的纵向刚度很小几乎为零,所以在波形钢腹板组合箱梁底板与腹板交点处产生的翘曲应力大于混凝土箱梁底板与腹板交点处的对应值.     

以Kirchhoff薄板理论解狭长矩形截面杆的约束扭转

本文以Kirchhoff的薄板理论,解狭长矩形截面杆的约束扭转.这扭转问题,相当于在自由端作用扭矩的悬臂矩形板的弯曲.得到的结果,不仅证实了Timoshenko教授以能量法所得的扭转角,并且也给出应力的值.     

考虑剪力滞效应的先简支后连续-箱梁徐变效应分析

为了分析混凝土箱梁的徐变效应与剪力滞效应的相互影响,基于箱梁剪力滞效应计算的能量变分方法,推导了混凝土箱梁徐变受剪力滞效应影响的次内力和应力计算公式.结合先简支后连续箱梁算例,计算了受剪力滞效应影响后的徐变弯矩和应力,分析了考虑徐变效应影响的剪力滞系数.结果表明,与不考虑剪力滞效应的结果相比,剪力滞效应增大了箱梁徐变效应.对算例箱梁,考虑剪力滞效应后,对中支点截面处徐变的影响最大,次内力增大42.56%,腹板处应力减小8.5%.     

基于抽象翘曲位移函数的箱形梁剪力滞效应分析

针对薄壁箱梁剪力滞问题,基于抽象的翘曲位移函数,通过对控制微分方程的形式进行分析研究,构造出剪力滞翘曲位移函数的基本形式;对翼板引入边界约束影响的修正系数,然后通过能量变分原理推导出了箱形梁剪力滞的控制微分方程及其解析解.根据有限元结果确定翼板边界约束影响修正系数的具体值,以带翼板的简支箱形梁分别作用集中荷载和均布荷载为数值算例,进行了计算分析.分析结果表明:采用该文方法计算的结果与有限元结果总体吻合良好,并且该文的计算结果也反映出了翼板应力小于顶板应力的分布规律,从而验证了该文分析方法的正确性.     

单箱双室简支箱梁剪切变形及剪力滞双重效应分析

基于各个翼板选取不同的最大剪切转角差为剪力滞广义位移,应用能量变分原理分别推导出了考虑和不考虑剪切变形时单箱双室截面控制微分方程组,结合边界条件给出了箱梁纵向应力和竖向挠度的初参数解,从力学、数学角度上证实了剪切变形和剪力滞效应是两个相对独立的力学行为,进一步阐述了二者对箱梁的影响,即剪切变形对箱梁截面纵向应力无影响,但是对竖向挠度有很大的影响.数值算例表明,利用该文解和数值解分析跨中截面剪力滞系数横向分布规律,二者吻合程度良好,其横向分布规律与单室箱梁类似,唯独不同之处是边腹板处的剪力滞效应比中腹板处的剪力滞效应略微大一些;挠度计算表明,剪切效应使得该箱梁在集中和均布荷载作用下跨中挠度分别增大4.6%和2.7%.     

翼板变厚度箱形梁的剪力滞效应分析

针对翼板厚度沿截面宽度方向线性变化的混凝土箱形梁，利用势能变分原理对其进行剪力滞效应分析.选取剪力滞效应引起的附加挠度作为描述剪力滞变形状态的广义位移，并考虑轴力平衡条件对剪力滞效应的影响.将简支箱梁在均布荷载和集中荷载作用下的理论计算值与有限元值进行对比，结果表明:采用该文分析方法得到的计算值与有限元值吻合良好，证实了该文分析方法的正确性.与将翼板变厚度箱梁简化为等厚度箱梁的计算方法相比，考虑翼板厚度变化的计算方法可提高计算精度，误差减小量最大达到了5.65%.     

气-液横向流动下悬臂柱体结构涡激振动机理研究北大核心CSCD

针对潜艇侦查望远镜举升水面时产生的涡激振动现象,该文建立了悬臂柱体结构受气-液两种不同横向流作用下的涡激振动理论模型.研究了两种流体不同的分布比和密度比对柱体结构涡激振动行为的影响规律.基于Galerkin法和Runge-Kutta法,得到了柱体结构涡激振动响应的数值结果.研究表明,柱体结构的涡激振动锁频区随着流体分布比的增大而增大,自由端最大幅值随着流体分布比的增大先增大后减小.当分布比为0.5附近时,振幅出现极大值,该极大值随着流体密度比的减小呈现明显的增大趋势.此外,柱体的动力学行为随着流体分布比的变化呈现出周期和多周期等振动模式.该研究可为潜艇侦查望远镜结构的设计与分析提供理论指导意义.     

悬臂矩形板在对称边界荷载下的屈曲

本文用变分法对悬臂矩形板在对称边界荷载下的稳定性进行研究.我们将对在悬臂矩形板的一对相对的自由边作用有不同的对称边界荷载时,求出薄板的最小临界力.文中分别讨论了有一对集中力,均布荷载,局部均布荷载,三角形分布荷载及一对集中力偶作用之下悬臂矩形板发生屈曲时的最小临界荷载.     

Application of a refined theory of torsional vibrations to the calculation of natural frequencies and damping coefficients of orthotropic composite cantilever rods

For calculating the natural complex frequencies of torsional vibrations of rectangular orthotropic composite cantilever rods, a theory taking into account the normal stresses and inertial forces acting in the axial direction is employed. The results obtained are compared with those found by using the classical theory of torsional vibrations of rods, the theory of vibrations of thin orthotropic plates, and the FEM. It is found that the difference between the natural frequencies given by the classical and refined theories depends on relations between geometrical sizes of a rod and between its axial elastic modulus and shear moduli, and on the number of the mode of torsional vibrations.     

Formulación de elementos finitos para vigas de sección abierta formadas por laminados compuestos incluyendo las deformaciones tangenciales por cortante y torsión

In this paper we derive the field of displacements and strains for thin-walled open composite beams with composite laminated material including in their kinematics flexural and torsional shear deformations effects. The equilibrium equations are defined through the variational formulation and show that is possible to formulate C_o finite elements taking into account the torsional shear deformation. Stress-strain relationships for the cross-section of thin-walled composite beams are obtained by extending first-order laminate (FSDT: first-order shear deformation) theory and using a «free stress resultant condition at the boundary». Three different one-dimensional finite elements with C_o continuity are formulated for the study of thin-walled open composite beams and they are labelled as BSW (beam with shear and warping). The influence of the integration strategy in the BSW elements is evaluated via the shear-locking phenomenon and the rate of convergence for displacements and rotations. The stiffness matrix integration is compared using exact and reduced integration methods. Examples of pure torsion and flexo-torsion in a cantilever composite beam are performed. Numerical results are compared to those reported by other authors.     

Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates Resting on Elastic Foundations by Using a Refined Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory

The free vibration of laminated composite plates on elastic foundations is examined by using a refined hyperbolic shear deformation theory. This theory is based on the assumption that the transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components where the bending components do not contribute to shear forces, and likewise, the shear components do not contribute to bending moments. The most interesting feature of this theory is that it allows for parabolic distributions of transverse shear stresses across the plate thickness and satisfies the conditions of zero shear stresses at the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. The number of independent unknowns in the present theory is four, as against five in other shear deformation theories. In the analysis, the foundation is modeled as a two-parameter Pasternak-type foundation, or as a Winkler-type one if the second foundation parameter is zero. The equation of motion for simply supported thick laminated rectangular plates resting on an elastic foundation is obtained through the use of Hamilton’s principle. The numerical results found in the present analysis for free the vibration of cross-ply laminated plates on elastic foundations are presented and compared with those available in the literature. The theory proposed is not only accurate, but also efficient in predicting the natural frequencies of laminated composite plates.     

Analysis of laminated composite plates using higher-order shear deformation plate theory and node-based smoothed discrete shear gap method

This paper presents a novel finite element formulation for static, free vibration and buckling analyses of laminated composite plates. The idea relies on a combination of node-based smoothing discrete shear gap method with the higher-order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) to give a so-called NS-DSG3 element. The higher-order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) is introduced in the present method to remove the shear correction factors and improve the accuracy of transverse shear stresses. The formulation uses only linear approximations and its implementation into finite element programs is quite simple and efficient. The numerical examples demonstrated that the present element is free of shear locking and shows high reliability and accuracy compared to other published solutions in the literature.     

Geometrically nonlinear bending analysis of laminated composite plate

In this work, a transverse bending of shear deformable laminated composite plates in Green–Lagrange sense accounting for the transverse shear and large rotations are presented. Governing equations are developed in the framework of higher order shear deformation theory. All higher order terms arising from nonlinear strain–displacement relations are included in the formulation. The present plate theory satisfies zero transverse shear strains conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the plate in von-Karman sense. A C⁰ isoparametric finite element is developed for the present nonlinear model. Numerical results for the laminated composite plates of orthotropic materials with different system parameters and boundary conditions are found out. The results are also compared with those available in the literature. Some new results with different parameters are also presented.     

A Technique for Determining the Elastic and Dissipative Properties of Orthotropic Composites in Shear

A new method is presented for the characterization of three principal complex shear moduli of linear viscoelastic orthotropic materials, which is based on the measurement of complex torsional vibration frequencies of three rods of rectangular cross section. The rod-type test specimens are cut out from a composite plate along the principal material axes in the reinforcement plane. It is shown that the torsional stiffness of an elastic rod can be calculated not only by means of the Saint-Venant torsion theory, but also using a relationship obtained from the Reissner-Mindlin theory of plates. The transfer to a viscoelastic model of the material with complex moduli is realized with the help of the correspondence principle. By applying a numerical sensitivity analysis of natural frequencies to the shear moduli, the advisable width-to-thickness ratios of the specimens are found. As an illustration of data processing, the dynamic shear moduli and the loss factors for a GFRP fabric with an epoxy matrix are calculated. A comparison of the method offered with some known static and dynamic methods for determining the shear moduli of orthotropic materials is given.     

Various methods of determining the natural frequencies and damping of composite cantilever plates. 1. Exact solution for the binomial model of deformation

On the basis of the classical theory of thin anisotropic laminated plates the article analyzes the free vibrations of rectangular cantilever plates made of fibrous composites. The application of Kantorovich's method for the binomial representation of the shape of the elastic surface of a plate yielded for two unknown functions a system of two connected differential equations and the corresponding boundary conditions at the place of constraint and at the free edge. The exact solution for the frequencies and forms of the free vibrations was found with the use of Laplace transformation with respect to the space variable. The magnitudes of several first dimensionless frequencies of the bending and torsional vibrations of the plate were calculated for a wide range of change of two dimensionless complexes, with the dimensions of the plate and the anisotropy of the elastic properties of the material taken into account. The article shows that with torsional vibrations the warping constraint at the fixed end explains the apparent dependence of the shear modulus of the composite on the length of the specimen that had been discovered earlier on in experiments with a torsional pendulum. It examines the interaction and transformation of the second bending mode and of the first torsional mode of the vibrations. It analyzes the asymptotics of the dimensionless frequencies when the length of the plate is increased, and it shows that taking into account the bending-torsion interaction in strongly anisotropic materials type unidirectional carbon reinforced plastic can reduce substantially the frequencies of the bending vibrations but has no effect (within the framework of the binomial model) on the frequencies of the torsional vibrations.Institute of Engineering Science Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. St. Petersburg State University, Russia. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 759–769, November–December, 1996.