Sui gruppi unitari finitari e sulla congettura di dieudonné

In this paper we consider some questions concerning unitary spaces (V, h), even though (V, h) is not finitely generated. Our main result is as follows: letF be an infinite field of characteristic ≠2 andD anm ²-dimensional central division algebra overF with an involutionj≠1. Let Σ_j(D) denote the subgroup of the multiplicative groupD ^* generated by the non zero symmetric elements. If (V, h) is an infinite dimensional regular unitary space of Witt index at least two overD, then the finitary unitary groupFU(h) is a simple group if and only ifD*=Σ_j(D)[D*, D*]. On the other hand, when (V, h) is not regular,FU(h) cannot be simple since it containsFU ₀(h), the subgroup of elements ofFU(h) acting trivially onrad(V, h), as a normal subgroup. In the non regular case we show that under the above assumptions evenFU ₀(h) is not a simple group.     

An upper bound for the zeros of the derivative of Bessel functions

Letj _vk ^′ denotes thekth positive zero of the derivativeJ _v ^′ (x)=dJ _v (x)/dx of Bessel functionJ _v (x) fork=1, 2,…. We establish the upper bound

$$j'_{\nu k}< \nu + a_k \left( {\nu + \frac{{{\rm A}_k^3 }}{{a_k^3 }}} \right)^{\frac{1}{3}} + \frac{3}{{10}}a_k^2 \left( {\nu + \frac{{A_k^3 }}{{a_k^3 }}} \right)^{\frac{1}{3}} , \nu \geqslant 0, k = 1,2, \ldots $$     

Witt equivalence of central simple algebras with involution

The notion of Witt equivalence of central simple algebras with involution is introduced. It is shown that the standard invariants, i.e. the discriminant, the signature and the Clifford algebra, depend only on the Witt class of the algebra with involution. For a given filedF the tensor product is used to construct a semigroup and this semigroup is shown to have properties analogous to the multiplicative properties of the Witt ring of quadratic forms overF.     

Riemannian manifolds carrying a pair of skew symmetric conformal vector fields

We deal with a Riemannian manifoldM carrying a pair of skew symmetric conformal vector fields (X, Y). The existence of such a pairing is determined by an exterior differential system in involution (in the sense of Cartan). In this case,M is foliated by 3-dimensional totally geodesic submanifolds. Additional geometric properties are proved.     

Sur la Topologiem-Convexe d’une algèbre localementA-convexe

In a locallyA-convex algebra (E, τ) we consider the associatedm-convex topologym(τ). We show that the completion ofE with respect tom(τ) is always a locallyA-convex algebra contained in the complete locally convex space obtained from (E, τ). The topologym(τ) is also used to characterize locally boundedly multiplicatively convex algebras among locallyA-convex ones.     

Stability of properly efficient points and isolated minimizers of constrained vector optimization problems

In this paper the constrained vector optimization problem mic _C f(x), g(x) ? ? K, is considered, where\(f:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^m \) and\(g:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^p \) are locally Lipschitz functions and\(C \subset \mathbb{R}^m \) and\(K \subset \mathbb{R}^p \) are closed convex cones. Several solution concepts are recalled, among them the concept of a properly efficient point (p-minimizer) and an isolated minimizer (i-minimizer). On the base of certain first-order optimalitty conditions it is shown that there is a close relation between the solutions of the constrained problem and some unconstrained problem. This consideration allows to “double” the solution concepts of the given constrained problem, calling sense II optimality concepts for the constrained problem the respective solutions of the related unconstrained problem, retaining the name of sense I concepts for the originally defined optimality solutions. The paper investigates the stability properties of thep-minimizers andi-minimizers. It is shown, that thep-minimizers are stable under perturbations of the cones, while thei-minimizers are stable under perturbations both of the cones and the functions in the data set. Further, it is shown, that sense I concepts are stable under perturbations of the objective data, while sense II concepts are stable under perturbations both of the objective and the constraints. Finally, the so called structural stability is discused.     

Some subclasses of the real-valued honorary Baire two functions on ℝ n

Certain subclasses of the class of Baire one real-valued functions have very nice properties, especially concerning their points of continuity and their preservation of connectedness for many connected sets. A Gibson [weakly Gibson] is defined by the requirement that \(f(\overline{U})\subseteq\overline{f(U)}\) for every open [open connected] set U?? ⁿ . It is known that Baire one, Gibson functions are continuous, and that Baire one, weakly Gibson functions have Darboux-like properties in the sense that if U is an open connected set and \(U\subseteq S\subseteq\overline{U}\), then f(S) is an interval. Here we study the situation where the Baire one condition is replaced by honorary Baire two. Distinctly different results are found.     

Calcul Fonctionnel Holomorphe Global Unicité et Invariance Par Les Homomorphismes D’algebres de Banach

LetA be a commutative Banach algebra with unit. Denote byX _A, the global spectrum ofA. There is a holomorphic functional calculusθ _A:O(X _A)→A such thatθ _A(â)=a. In this paper, we show the uniqueness of the global holomorphic functional calculus and we establish its compatibility with Banach algebra morphisms. We also extend this holomorphic functional calculus to the case ofImc algebras.     

Applicabilità proiettiva di due superficie

Let Ω ? ? ⁿ be a convex bounded open set, of class\(C^2 ,Q_\tau = \Omega \times \left[ {\tau ,\tau + T} \right],\tau \in \mathbb{R},T > 0.\). LetB be a linear continuous operator ofL ²Ω ? ? ^N inL ²Ω ? ? ^N . It is shown that if\(f \in L^2 (Q_\tau ,\mathbb{R}^N )\) then there exists a unique solution of the problem:\(u \in W^{2,1} (Q_\tau ,\mathbb{R}^N ),\alpha (x,t,H(u)) - \frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial t}} = f(x,t)\), in\(Q_\tau \), such thatu(x,t)=B u(x, τ+T) in Ω, wherea(x, t, ζ) is misurable in(x,t), continuous in ζ,a(x,t, 0)=0, and verifies condition (A). IfB=Id this is the classical periodic problem. If moreovera(x,t,ζ)=a(x,t+T, ζ) anda(x,t, H (Bu))=B a(x,t,H (u)) ?t ∈ ?, the analogous problem in Ω × ? is studied.     

An algorithm to compute the number of points on elliptic curves ofj-invariant 0 or 1728 over a finite field

We present an algorithm to compute the number ofF _q -rational points on elliptic curves defined over a finite fieldF _q , withj-invariant 0 or 1728. This algorithm takesO(log³ p) bit operations, werep is the characteristic ofF _q .     

Complexification in \mathcal{A}-modules

As for the classical complexification of real vector spaces, the sheaf-theoretic version shows that free \(\mathcal{A}\)-modules of finite rank, with \(\mathcal{A}\) an ordered nonzero-nilsquare free ?-algebra sheaf, admits a complex structure if and only if there exists on \(\mathcal{E}\) an \(\mathcal{A}\)-automorphism J such that J ²=?I.     

Wijsman topology on function spaces

LetC(X,Y) be the space of continuous functions from a metric space (X,d) to a metric space (Y, e).C(X, Y) can be thought as subset of the hyperspaceCL(X×Y) of closed and nonempty subsets ofX×Y by identifying each element ofC(X,Y) with its graph. We considerC(X,Y) with the topology inherited from the Wijsman topology induced onCL(X×Y) by the box metric ofd ande. We study the relationships between the Wijsman topology and the compact-open topology onC(X,Y) and also conditions under which the Wijsman topology coincide with the Fell topology. Sufficient conditions under which the compactopen topology onC(X,Y) is weaker than the Wijsman topology are given (IfY is totally bounded, then for every metric spaceX the compactopen topology onC(X,Y) is weaker than the Wijsman topology and the same is true forX locally connected andY rim-totally bounded). We prove that a metric spaceX is boundedly compact iff the Wijsman topology onC(X, ?) is weaker than the compact-open topology. We show that ifX is a σ-compact complete metric space andY a compact metric space, then the Wijsman topology onC(X,Y) is Polish.     

The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of the universal algebras of M a,b (E)⊗E in positive characteristic

In this paper we calculate the Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of the relatively free (also called universal) algebra of rank m, U _m (M _a,b (E)?E), in the variety generated by M _a,b (E)?E, in positive characteristic p>2.     

Some remarks on spectral states ofLMC-algebras

We generalize the notion of a spectral state (as introduced for Banach algebras by Moore, Bonsall and Duncan) to the context of locally multiplicatively-convex (LMC) algebras by proceeding in a way analogous to the generalization of numerical range theory from Banach algebras toLMC-algebras carried out by Giles and Koehler. Among the results obtained in this note are integral representations of spectral states by probability measures on the structure space ofA and the determination of the extreme points of the convex set\(\Omega _A \) of all spectral states on a commutativeLMC-algebraA (which is related to different Choquet boundaries) as well as a characterization of symmetric involutions by the coincidence of the notions of positive state and spectral state and a characterization of theQ-property by the weak-^*-boundedness of\(\Omega _A \). The paper finishes with two elementary commutativity criteria involving spectral states and two Korovkin-type theorems for the approximation of unital algebra homomorphisms by σ-equicontractive nets of linear operators mapping anLMC-algebraA into theLMC-algebra of all continuous complex-valued functions on a completely regular spaceX.     

Incomplete Fibonacci and Lucas numbers

A particular use of well-known combinatorial expressions for Fibonacci and Lucas numbers gives rise to two interesting classes of integers (namely, the numbersF _n(k) andL _n(k)) governed by the integral parametersn andk. After establishing the main properties of these numbers and their interrelationship, we study some congruence properties ofL _n(k), one of which leads to a supposedly new characterisation of prime numbers. A glimpse of possible generalisations and further avenues of research is also caught.     

Some extensions of the Laplace problem

Let ?₁(a,b) be a regular lattice with the fundamental cell a rectangle with sides a,b, let ?₂(a,b,?) be a regular lattice with the fundamental cell a parallelogram with sides a,b and angle ? and let ?₃(a,b,c) be a regular lattice with the fundamental cell \(C_{0}^{( 3) }\) as in Fig. 7. In this paper we compute the probability that a random rectangle r of constant side l,m intersects a side of the lattice. In particular when the rectangle r becomes a segment of length l, (m=0) we obtain the Laplace probability.     

On the representation of partially ordered sets

It is well known that any distributive poset (short for partially ordered set) has an isomorphic representation as a poset (Q, ?) such that the supremum and the infimum of any finite setF ofP correspond, respectively to the union and intersection of the images of the elements ofF. Here necessary and sufficient conditions are given for similar isomophic representation of a poset where however the supremum and infimum of also infinite subsetsI correspond to the union and intersection of images of elements ofI.     

On the spacel P(β)

Let\(\{ \beta (n)\} _{n = 0}^\infty \) be a sequence of positive numbers and 1 ≤p < ∞. We consider the spacel ^P(β) of all power series\(f(z) = \sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {\hat f(n)z^n } \) such that\(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {|\hat f(n)|^p |\beta (n)|^p } \). We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial to be cyclic inl ^P(β) and a point to be bounded point evaluation onl ^P(β).     

Les Algebres A-F-normees Advertiblement Completes

We introduce the class ofA —F-normed algebras. It lies between that of locally bounded algebras and the one ofF*-algebras considered by W. Zelazko. We examine the structure of these algebras; and give some spectral theory results under the assumption of advertible completeness as generalized by A. Mallios.     

Subvarieties of the matrix variety of second order

LetR _s be the subalgebra ofM ₂(K[t]/(t ^s )) generated bye ₁₁,e ₂₂,te ₁₂ andte ₂₁, whereK is a field of characteristic 0,K[t] is the polynomial algebra in one variablet and (t ^s ) is the principal ideal inK[t], generated byt ^s . The main result of this paper is that we have described theT-idealT(R _s ). Besides the two matrix polynomial identities — the standart identityS ₄ and the identity of Hall, thisT-ideal is generated by one more explicitly given identity. The algebrasR _s are interesting due to the fact that the proper identities of any subvarietyu of the variety ?=varM ₂(K), generated by the matrix algebraM ₂(K) of second order overK, asymptoticaly coincide with the proper identities of someR _s .