Topology of Hom complexes and test graphs for bounding chromatic number

The Hom complex of homomorphisms between two graphs was originally introduced to provide topological lower bounds on the chromatic number. In this paper we introduce new methods for understanding the topology of Hom complexes, mostly in the context of Γ-actions on graphs and posets (for some group Γ). We view the Hom(T, ⊙) and Hom(⊙, G) complexes as functors from graphs to posets, and introduce a functor (⊙)¹ from posets to graphs obtained by taking atoms as vertices. Our main structural results establish useful interpretations of the equivariant homotopy type of Hom complexes in terms of spaces of equivariant poset maps and Γ-twisted products of spaces. When P:= F(X) is the face poset of a simplicial complex X, this provides a useful way to control the topology of Hom complexes. These constructions generalize those of the second author from [17] as well as the calculation of the homotopy groups of Hom complexes from [8].     

A brill - noether theory for<Emphasis Type="Italic">κ</Emphasis>-gonal nodal curves

LetV(g, x, k, y) be the set of all pairs (X, F), whereX is an integral projective nodal curve withp _a(X)=g and card(Sing(X))=x andF is a rank 1 torsion free sheaf onX with deg(F)=k, card(Sing(F))=y andh ⁰(X, F)≥2. Here we study a general (X, F) εV(g, x, k, y) and in particular the Brill-Noether theory ofX and the scrollar invariants ofF.     

On pointwise and analytic similarity of matrices

LetA(ε) andB(ε) be complex valued matrices analytic in ε at the origin.A(ε)≈ _p B(ε) ifA(ε) is similar toB(ε) for any |ε|<r,A(ε)≈_a B(ε) ifB(ε)=T(ε)A(ε)T ⁻¹(ε) andT(ε) is analytic and |T(ε)|≠0 for |ε|<r! In this paper we find a necessary and sufficient conditions onA(ε) andB(ε) such thatA(ε)≈ _a B(ε) provided thatA(ε)≈ _p B(ε). This problem arises in study of certain ordinary differential equations singular with respect to a parameter ε in the origin and was first stated by Wasow. Sponsored by the United States Army under Contract No. DAAG29-75-C-0024     

Normal families of meromorphic functions with multiple zeros and poles

LetF be a family of functions meromorphic in the plane domainD, all of whose zeros and poles are multiple. Leth be a continuous function onD. Suppose that, for eachf ≠F,f ¹(z) εh(z) forz εD. We show that ifh(z) ≠ 0 for allz εD, or ifh is holomorphic onD but not identically zero there and all zeros of functions inF have multiplicity at least 3, thenF is a normal family onD. Partially supported by the Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline and by the NNSF of China Approved No. 10271122. Research supported by the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, G.I.F. Grant No. G-643-117.6/1999.     

Univalent mappings associated with the Roper-Suffridge extension operator

The Roper-Suffridge extension operator provides a way of extending a (locally) univalent functionfεH(U) to a (locally) biholomorphic mappingF∈H(B_n). In this paper, we give a simplified proof of the Roper-Suffridge theorem: iff is convex, then so isF. We also show that iff∈S ^*, theF is starlike and that iff is a Bloch function inU, thenF is a Bloch mapping onB _n. Finally, we investigate some open problems. Partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under grant A9221.     

On the existence of automorphisms with simple Lebesgue spectrum

It is shown that ifT is a measure preserving automorphism on a probability space (Ω,B, m) which admits a random variable X₀ with mean zero such that the stochastic sequence X₀ o T_n,n ε ℤ is orthonormal and spans L₀ ²(Ω,B,m), then for any integerk ≠ 0, the random variablesX o T^nk,n ε ℤ generateB modulom.     

Renorming in the space of Bochner integrable functionsL 1(μ,X)

A sufficient condition is given when a subspaceL⊂L ₁(μ,X) of the space of Bochner integrable function, defined on a finite and positive measure space (S, Φ, μ) with values in a Banach spaceX, is locally uniformly convex renormable in terms of the integrable evaluations {∫ _A fdμ;f∈L}. This shows the lifting property thatL ₁(μ,X) is renormable if and only ifX is, and indicates a large class of renormable subspaces even ifX does not admit and equivalent locally uniformly convex norm.     

A non-Bernoulli skew product which is loosely Bernoulli

LetT: Y→Y be the Bernoulli two shift with independent generatorQ={Q ₀,Q ₁} and letS: X→X be a measure preserving bijection. If (S, X) is ergodic then the skew product onX×Y defined by {fx339-1} is aK-automorphism. IfŜ is also Bernoulli we sayS is pre-Bernoulli. J. Feldman showed that ifS is pre-Bernoulli thenS must be loosely Bernoulli. We construct an example to show the converse is false, i.e. anS that is loosely Bernoulli but not pre-Bernoulli.     

Regular centralizers of idempotent transformations

Denote by T(X) the semigroup of full transformations on a set X. For ε∈T(X), the centralizer of ε is a subsemigroup of T(X) defined by C(ε)={α∈T(X):αε=εα}. It is well known that C(id _X )=T(X) is a regular semigroup. By a theorem proved by J.M. Howie in 1966, we know that if X is finite, then the subsemigroup generated by the idempotents of C(id _X ) contains all non-invertible transformations in C(id _X ).     

On F-almost split sequences

Let A be an Artinian algebra and F an additive subbifunctor of Ext,（-, -） having enough projectives and injectives. We prove that the dualizing subvarieties of mod A closed under F-extensions have F-almost split sequences. Let T be an F-cotilting module in mod A and S a cotilting module over F = End（T）. Then Horn（-, T） induces a duality between F-almost split sequences in ⊥FT and almost sl31it sequences in ⊥S, where addrS = Hom∧（f（F）, T）. Let A be an F-Gorenstein algebra, T a strong F-cotilting module and 0→A→B→C→0 and F-almost split sequence in ⊥FT.If the injective dimension of S as a Г-module is equal to d, then C≌（ΩCM^-dΩ^dDTrA^＊）^＊,where（-）^＊=Hom（g,T）.In addition, if the F-injective dimension of A is equal to d, then A≌ΩMF^-dDΩFop^-d TrC≌ΩCMF^-d ≌F^d DTrC.     

Extremal properties of contraction semigroups onc 0

For any complex Banach spaceX, letJ denote the duality mapping ofX. For any unit vectorx inX and any (C ₀) contraction semigroup (T _t ) _t>0 onX, Baillon and Guerre-Delabriere proved that ifX is a smooth reflexive Banach space and if there isx ^*∈J(x) such that ÷〈(T(t)x, J(x)〈÷→1 ast→∞, then there is a unit vectory∈X which is an eigenvector of the generatorA of (T _t ) _t>0 associated with a purely imaginary eigenvalue. They asked whether this result is still true ifX is replaced byc ₀. In this article, we show the answer is negative Partial results of this paper were obtained when the author attended the International Conference of Convexity at the University of Marne-La-Vallée. He would like to express his gratitude for the kind hospitality offered to him. He would also like to thank Profs. Goldstein and Jamison for their valuable suggestions.     

Modèles semi-factoriels et modèles de Néron

Let S be the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring with function field K. Let X be a scheme over S. We will say that X is semi-factorial over S if any invertible sheaf on the generic fiber X _K can be extended to an invertible sheaf on X. Here we show that any proper geometrically normal scheme over K admits a proper, flat, normal and semi-factorial model over S. We also construct some semi-factorial compactifications of regular S-schemes, such as Néron models of abelian varieties. The semi-factoriality property for a scheme X/S corresponds to the Néron property of its Picard functor. In particular, one can recover the Néron model of the Picard variety ${{\rm Pic}_{X_K/K,{\rm red}}^0}$ of X _K from the Picard functor Pic _X/S , as in the known case of curves. This provides some information on the relative algebraic equivalence on the S-scheme X.     

Coboundaries of irreducible markov operators onC(K)

LetK be a compact Hausdorff space, and letT be an irreducible Markov operator onC(K). We show that ifgεC(K) satisfies sup _N ‖Σ _j ^=0N T ^j g‖<∞, then (and only then) there existsfεC(K) with (I − T)f=g. Generalizing the result to irreducible Markov operator representations of certain semi-groups, we obtain that bounded cocycles are (continuous) coboundaries. For minimal semi-group actions inC(K), no restriction on the semi-group is needed.     

On regularity att=0 for semilinear ADEs and its numerical applications

Consider the following initial value problem for the semilinearabstract differential equation (ADE):.u=Lu+f(t,u), t ε (O,T]; u(O)=u _o ε D(L), whereL: (D(L)⊂-X)→X is the infitesimal generatory of aC ^o-semigroup on the Banach spaceX. Extending a well-known result, we show that, iff: [O,T]×X→X is Lipschitz continuous and the space is reflexive, then the solution iscontinuously differentiable on [O,T], and satisfies the equation also att=0. Applications are given to the convergence analysis of implicit and semi-implicit Euler-type discretization schemes. Parabolic and hyperbolic examples are discussed. This work has been suported by the MURST Numerical Analysis funds (40%-funds), and by the “Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica F. Severi”. The author wishes to thank Professor R. Spigler for some useful discussions.     

Zur Theorie der Stetigen Teilbarkeitshalbgruppen

O. CallS:=(S,·,∩) a d-semigroup ifS satisfies the axioms (A1) (S,·) is a semigroup, (A2) (S,∩) is a semilattice (A3), (S,·,∩) is a semiring, (A4) a ≤b⇒bε aS ∩ Sa. Call tεS positive if ÅaεS: ta ≥a≤at. Let S⁺ denote the set {t‖t positive}. Every d-semigroup is closed under sup and (s,·,∪) is a semiring, (S, ∩, ∪) is a distributive lattice. Denote by D□X the implication s=Xa_i⇒x□s□y=X(x□a_i□y) where □ε{·,∩,∪} and Xε{∪,∩}. CallS continuous ifS satisfies all D□X. The theory of d-semigroups (divisibility-semigroups) was established in [3], [4], [5], and is continued here by some contributions to the theory of continuous d-semigroups the main results of which are the two propositions: (1) LetS be a d-semigroup with 1. ThenS satisfies D□X iffS ⁺ satisfies this axiom. (2) LetS be continuous. Then (S,·) is commutative. Obviously Proposition (2) is an improvement of Iwasawa's theorem concerning conditionally complete lattice ordered groups.

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Zur Theorie der Stetigen Teilbarkeitshalbgruppen

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Klaus Wagner zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Direct products of cyclic semigroups an unions of groups

We consider direct productsS×U_eεE G _e=S ₁×…×S _n × U_eεE G _e of non-group finite cyclic semigroupsS _i, 1 ≤i ≤n, and finite unions of finite groups U_eεE G _e We prove that if such a semigroup is isomorphic to another of the same form, sayT×U _fεF H _f =T ₁×…×U _fεF H _f , whereT _j are non-group cyclic semigroups, 1≤j≤l, and U _fεF H _f is a union of groups, thenS is isomorphic toT and U_eεE G _e is isomorphic to U_fεF H _f . We then determine when a finite semigroup has such a decomposition and show how the direct factors can be found.     

Fell topology on the space of functions with closed graph

LetX andY beT ₁ topological spaces andG(X, Y) the space of all functions with closed graph. Conditions under which the Fell topology and the weak Fell topology coincide onG(X,Y) are given. Relations between the convergence in the Fell topologyτF, Kuratowski and continuous convergence are studied too. Characterizations of a topological spaceX by separation axioms of (G(X, R), τF) and topological properties of (G(X, R), τF) are investigated.     

Dichotomies of the set of test measures of a Haar-null set

We prove that ifX is a Polish space andF a face ofP(X) with the Baire property, thenF is either a meager or a co-meager subset ofP(X). As a consequence we show that for every abelian Polish groupX and every analytic Haar-null set Λ⊆X, the set of test measuresT(Λ) of Λ is either meager or co-meager. We characterize the non-locally-compact groups as the ones for which there exists a closed Haar-null setF⊆X withT(F) meager, Moreover, we answer negatively a question of J. Mycielski by showing that for every non-locally-compact abelian Polish group and every σ-compact subgroupG ofX there exists aG-invariantF _σ subset ofX which is neither prevalent nor Haar-null. Research supported by a grant of EPEAEK program “Pythagoras”.     

The Kato-type spectrum and local spectral theory

Let T ∈ ℒ(X) be a bounded operator on a complex Banach space X. If V is an open subset of the complex plane such that λ-T is of Kato-type for each λ ∈ V, then the induced mapping f(z) ↦ (z-T)f(z) has closed range in the Fréchet space of analytic X-valued functions on V. Since semi-Fredholm operators are of Kato-type, this generalizes a result of Eschmeier on Fredholm operators and leads to a sharper estimate of Nagy’s spectral residuum of T. Our proof is elementary; in particular, we avoid the sheaf model of Eschmeier and Putinar and the theory of coherent analytic sheaves.     

Compact operators on a Banach space into the space of almost periodic functions

LetS be a topological semigroup andAP(S) the space of continous complex almost periodic functions onS. We obtain characterizations of compact and weakly compact operators from a Banach spaceX into AP(S). For this we use the almost periodic compactification ofS obtained through uniform spaces. For a bounded linear operatorT fromX into AP(S), letT ₅, be the translate ofT bys inS defined byT ₅(x)=(Tx) ₅ . We define topologies on the space of bounded linear operators fromX into AP(S) and obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for an operatorT to be compact or weakly compact in terms of the uniform continuity of the maps→T ₅. IfS is a Hausdorff topological semigroup, we also obtain characterizations of compact and weakly compact multipliers on AP(S) in terms of the uniform continuity of the map S→μ_s, where μ_s denotes the unique vector measure corresponding to the operatorT ₅.