新题征展(129)

A 题组新编1.(1)设x∈R+,e表示自然对数的底,求证:函数y=(1+1/x)s,y=(1+1/x)(x+1)分别单调递增、递减,且(1+1/x)x＜e＜(1+1/x)(x+1);(2)已知数列{an}满足2Sn=nan,其中Sn是{an}的前n项和,a2=1,求证:3/2≤(1+1/(2an+1))n＜√e.2.已知a1C0n+ a2C1n+a3C2n+…+an+1Cnn=n·2n对任意的正整数n恒成立.(1)若a1,a2,a3,…,an+1成等差数列,求出该数列的通项公式;(2)若a1是已知数,求数列a1,a2,a3,…,an+1的通项公式.     

从一道课本例题开始的研究性学习

在高中数学课本的《圆》这一章节中 ,有这么一道例题 :已知圆C的方程是x2 +y2 =r2 ,求证 :经过圆C上一点M(x1 ,y1 )的切线的方程是x1 x+y1 y=r2 .课本上给出的证明是 :方法一 :当OM与坐标轴都不垂直时 ,设直线OM的斜率为k1 ,切线斜率为k,根据圆的切线性质 ,得k=- 1k1 .因为k1 =y1 x1 ,所以k=- x1 y1 .于是经过点M(x1 ,y1 )的切线方程是 y-y1 =- x1 y1 (x-x1 ) .经过整理 ,得xx1 +yy1 =r2 .当OM垂直于x轴时 ,经过点M(x1 ,y1 )的切线方程是x =x1 ;当OM垂直于 y轴时 ,经过点M(x1 ,y1 )的切线方程是 y=y1 .显然分别是在y1 =0或x1 =0时 ,方…     

替换法巧解初中数学竞赛题

<正>2014年7月,我带领学生参加了由江苏省数学学会主办的初中数学奥林匹克培训班,学习了很多关于数学竞赛方面的知识,受益匪浅.通过整理、归纳,发现替换法可以巧解一些计算题,这种解题思路非常重要,下面看几个例子.一、相同的部分替换例1计算(1-1/2-1/3-1/4-1/5)(1/2+1/3+1/4+1/5+1/6)-(1-1/2-1/3-1/4-1/5-1/6)(1/2+1/3+1/4+1/5).分析本题如果直接运用乘法公式,展开的式子项比较多,非常复杂,书写起来也非常不方便,注意到这个题目里有相同的式子     

有循环极大子群的素数幂阶群的作用是边传递的图(II)

假定Γ是一个有限的、单的、无向的且无孤立点的图,G是Aut(Γ)的一个子群.如果G在Γ的边集合上传递,则称Γ是G-边传递图.我们完全分类了当G为一个有循环的极大子群的素数幂阶群时的G-边传递图.结果为:设图Γ含有一个阶为pn(p是素数,n≥2)的自同构群,且G有一个极大子群循环,则Γ是G-边传递的,当且仅当Γ同构于下列图之一1)pmK1,pn-1-m,0≤m≤n-1;2)pmK1,pn-m,0≤m≤n;3)pmKp,pn-m-1,0≤m≤n-2;4)pn-mCpm,pm≥3,m＜n;5)2n-2K1,1;6)pn-1-mCpm,pm≥3,m≤n-1;7)2pn-mCpm,pm≥3,m≤n-1;8)2pn-mK1,pm,0≤m≤n;9)pn-mK1,2pm,0≤m≤n;10)pn-mK2,pm,0＜m≤n;11)C(2pn-m,1,pm);12)pkC(2pm-k,1,pn-m),0＜k＜m,0＜m≤n;13)(t-s,2m)C(2m 1/(t-s,2m),1,2n-1-m),其中0≤m≤n-1,2n-2(s-1)≡0(mod 2m),t≡1(mod 2),s(≠)t(mod 2m),1≤s≤2m,1≤t≤2n-1;14)∪p i=1 Ci p n-1,其中Ci p n-1=Ca1a1 [1 (i-1)pn-2]a 1 2[1 (i--1)p n-2]…a 1 (pn-1-1)[1 (i-1)p n-2]≌Cp n-1,i=1,2,…,p;15)∪2 i=1 Ci 2n-1,其中Ci 2n-1=Ca1a 1 [1 (i-1)(2n-2-1)]a1 2[1 (i-1)(2n-2-1)]…a1 (2n-1-1)[1 (i-1)(2n-2-1)]≌C2n-1,i=1,2.     

E1οEd型距离正则图及 Q-多项式的性质

设Г是一个直径d ≥ 3的非二部距离正则图,其特征值θ0＞θ1＞…＞θ<,d.设θ1 ∈{θ1,θd),θd,是θ1在{θ1,θd}中的余.又设Г是具有性质E1οEd=|X|-1＞(qd-11dEd-1 qd1dEd)的E1○Ed型距离正则图,σ0,σ1,…,σd,ρ0,ρ1,…,ρd和β0,β1,…,βd分别是关于θ1',θd和θd-1'的余弦序列.利用上述余弦序列,给出了Г关于θ1或θd是 Q-多项式的充要条件.     

新题征展(131)

A题组新编1.(张俊)(1)设实数x,y满足x+y=1,则1/x+4/y的取值范围为____;(2)设正实数x,y满足x+y≤1,则1/x+4/y的最小值为____;(3)设实数x,y满足x+y=1,则1/x+x/y的取值范围为____;(4)设正实数x,y满足x+y≤1,则1/x+x/y的最小值为____;(5)设实数x,y满足x+y=1,则1/x+1+4/y+1的取值范围为____;(6)设正实数x,y满足x+y≤1,则1/x+1+4/y+1的最小值为____;(7)设正实数x,y满足x+y≤1,则1/x+x/y+1的最小值为____;(8)设正实数x,y满足1/x+x/y≤1,则x+y最小值为____.     

也谈两直线平行的充要条件

《中学生数学》2012年第5期刊登了《两直线平行的充要条件》一文(下称文[1]),文中作者指出两直线l1,l2的方程分别为:A1x+B1y+C1=0(其中A1,B1不同时为零),A2x+B2y+C2=0(其中A2,B2不同时为零),l1与l2平行的充要条件不是A1B2-A2B1=0且A1C2-A2C1≠0,也不是A1B2-A2B1=0且B1C2-B2C1≠0,更不是A1B2-A2B1=0且A1C2-A2C1≠0且B1C2-B2C1≠0.那么,两直线平行的充要条件究竟是什么?文[1]中没有给出.     

一个三角形面积不等式的推广

文献 [1]给出一个三角形面积不等式 :设面积为△的△ ABC的三边长为 a、b、c,令a1=(b c) ,b1=(c a) ,c1=(a b) ,则以 a1、b1、c1为边可作成△ A1B1C1,并设其面积为△ 1,则有　　　　　△≤△ 1. (1)本文将围绕上述定理进行推广 .1　预备知识引理 1[2 ] 　设△ ABC的三边长及     

x~0=1是有条件的

文[1]的例6及其"正解"如下:题目函数y=(m-1)xm-1+(m-3)x+1,当m为何值时,它是一次函数.解当m-1=0且m-3≠0时,为一次函数.解得m=1;当m-1=0且m-3≠0时,为一次函数.解得m=±1;当m-1=1且(m-1)+(m-3)≠0时,为一次函数.解得m=-2.所以当m=±1或m=-2时,它是一次函数.评论这个"正解"不对!当m=1时,y=(1-1)x1-1+(1-3)x+1,即y=0x0-2x+1,即y=-2x+1(x≠0).它不是一次函数!它的图像不是一条直     

圆锥曲线外切三角形和切点三角形边的斜率之关系

如图1,直线B1B2,B2B3,B3B1与圆锥曲线E相切,切点分别是A1,A2,A3,称△B1B2B3和△A1A2A3为圆锥曲线E的外切三角形和切点三角形.用kA1A2表示直线A1A2的斜率,kA1表示相切于点A1的直线B1B2的斜率等(以下讨论的都     

随机过程的阈交方法在分析股票涨跌周期中的应用

提出了运用随机过程的阈交方法来分析股票的平均涨跌周期,用实例得到了中国石化(600028)股票的平均涨跌周期为2天.并提出了中国股市的日涨跌幅限制在7%的想法,用实例说明了这种想法的合理性.     

基于熵值法和神经网络模型的股价评估分析

股票价格的变化主要依赖于两个方面,一个是股票内在价值,另一个就是系统风险对股票价值的影响.通过使用神经网络的方法来分析股票的系统风险,用熵值法来分析股票的内在价值,从而全面的分析股票的投资价值,结果表明这种评估方法是可靠并且具有较大的获利空间.     

Using an Expert System to Monitor an Automatic Stock Control System

The theory of the control of stock is well understood, and a large number of firms use automatic stock control and ordering techniques as a major part of their inventory control systems. However, the effectiveness of such automatic stock control systems depends on the correct selection of system parameters for each item in the inventory and on the accurate reporting of information. It is not unusual for errors to be made in both the selection of parameters and the entry of data, and regular failures of either can cause severe problems in stock control. It is generally difficult for a human stock controller to discover errors quickly because of the large number of items that is usually found in a company inventory. This paper describes the use of an expert system to examine stock records and diagnose anomalies in the data provided or parameters applied to individual items in a stock control system. The expert system ‘reasons’ from symptoms such as reports from the forecasting system or high stock levels, to defects in the stock model used or data-collection processes, and from there to possible remedial action. Results are presented for runs of the expert system on a simulated stock control system.     

EQUILIBRIUM ABUNDANCE OF SALMON STOCKS IN A LIFE CYCLE MODEL WITH INTERACTING HATCHERY AND NATURAL SUBSTOCKS

This paper develops the equilibrium solutions for an age-structured life cycle model where spawning stock is split between natural and hatchery spawners. Mixing is allowed between the stocks through natural stock take by the hatchery and release of eggs or fry by the hatchery when its capacity is exceeded. The natural stock is assumed to have density-dependent egg-smolt survival while the hatchery stock has linear survival. The model can be applied to any hatchery reared fish stock but is most appropriate for salmon, where hatchery and naturally spawned fish mix completely later in life. Questions about the mix between the hatchery and natural stocks can be addressed by computing the fraction of naturally and hatchery derived stock among the natural and hatchery spawners as well as among the total adult run. Columbia River chinook stock are used as an example for which equilibria and mixing fractions are computed. A Monte Carlo sensitivity study on model parameters showed that the natural stock survival from smoltification to age 1 and the natural basin smolt carrying capacity are most important in controlling the equilibrium age-1 naturally spawned stock. Changing hatchery capacity over two orders of magnitude showed a 50 percent change in the fraction of naturally derived fish in the natural spawning stock, while the relative size of natural and hatchery stocks changed over two orders of magnitude. The model can serve as a tool for quickly assessing the effects of spawning habitat modification and hatchery supplementation practices on long-term stock mixing and stock abundance.     

The behavior of individual and aggregate stock prices

News about an individual stock normally has only a trivial impact on the aggregate economy. The news of the aggregate stock market, however, may have a significant impact on the prospects of the economy, and so has a large impact on the pricing kernel. This difference between the aggregate stock market and individual stocks is analyzed in a dynamic general equilibrium setting with incomplete information. The main findings are as follows. First, consistent with existing empirical evidence, the correlation between stock returns and earnings surprises is, on average, positive at the individual stock level and is lower or even negative at the aggregate level. Second, a stock’s return is less sensitive to its earnings surprises if the expected earnings growth of the stock is more pro-cyclical. Third, a decrease of information quality of a stock increases its risk premium if the stock accounts for a small fraction of the economy, but decreases its risk premium if the stock accounts for a large fraction.     

股指极端波动下中国股市复杂网络结构及中心性分析

基于复杂网络理论,以2015年、2008年国内两次股灾为背景,分别构建股灾发生前、中、后的中国股市网络,通过度、度分布、平均路径长度等基本拓扑指标,分析中国股市网络特性及网络结构的变化,综合利用度中心性、介数中心性及接近度中心性,筛选出各时期网络中的核心股票、核心行业并分析其变化情况,基于网络特征向量中心性分析股市的系统性风险及变化情况,通过仿真实验分析股市网络的鲁棒性。研究表明:两次股灾背景下的中国股市复杂网络均具有小世界性和无标度性;与2008年国际金融危机相比,2015年国内股灾对中国股市的影响强度更大,且2015年中国股市对金融风险的弹性更大;股灾期间各行业版块具有明显的风险传染性,指出各行业板块对稳定股市、修复股指的作用;股指极端波动时,股灾的外生冲击会使股市的系统性风险加大,与2015年国内股灾时期相比,2008年国际金融危机时期的股市系统性风险更大;中国股市网络对随机攻击具有一定鲁棒性,但对蓄意攻击具有脆弱性,股灾的外生冲击会降低中国股市网络的鲁棒性。研究为把握股市极端波动风险下的市场结构特征、股市风险管理提供了参考。     

沪深股市回报率、波动率和交易量关系的实证研究

本文首先对回报率与交易量之间的关系进行了研究,发现并不存在非对称的数量关系,但存在双向的葛兰杰因果关系;同时将交易量对波动率的解释能力进行了研究,发现在沪市交易量对波动率具有解释力,而在深市交易量对波动率没有解释力。     

股价指数时间序列的分形性质分析

用一种新的信号处理工具-小波变换,对股价指数数据进行分析,发现股价指数数据类似于一类更广的噪声一分形噪声,从而推广了传统上处理股价指数时间序列时总假定其为白噪声或高斯噪声的假设,用分形噪声能更好地刻划股价指数数据的波动特性.对上证指数和深证指数的实证分析显示,两市股价指数均存在正相关,我国股票市场不是弱式有效市场.实证也显示出小波变换是研究股价指数波动特性的一种有效的方法.     

Forecasting and Stock Control for Intermittent Demands

Exponential smoothing is frequently used for the forecasts in stock control systems. The analysis given shows that intermittent demands almost always produce inappropriate stock levels. Demand for constant quantities at fixed intervals may generate stock levels of up to double the quantity really needed. A method of overcoming these difficulties is described, using separate estimates of the size of demand, and of the demand frequency. The rules for setting the safety stock levels have also to be adjusted before consistent protection can be obtained against being out of stock.     

基于VECM-MGARCH模型的人民币汇率与牛熊股市关系研究

2005年以来人民币汇率均处于升值过程,而股市却经历了牛、熊市的历程.本文基于VECM-MGARCH模型实证研究了人民币汇率与我国股市处于牛、熊市期间二者之间的动态关系,结果发现,汇率和股价之间不存在线性的相互影响关系.就波动性而言,股市处于牛市期间,二者之间存在相互影响关系;熊市期间,这种非线性关系消失.人民币升值预期的减弱及股市的下跌是导致二者关系变化的主要原因.