关于乘积Sombor指数的极值(分子)树

拓扑指数是一类可以用来预测化合物的物理化学性质的数值不变量, 其并被广泛用于量子化学、分子生物学和其他研究领域. 对于一个顶点集为$V(G)$、边集为$E(G)$的(分子)图$G$, 其Sombor指数定义为$SO(G)=\sum\limits_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d_{G}^{2}(u)+d_{G}^{2}(v)}$, 其中$d_{G}(u)$表示顶点$u$在$G$中的度. 相应地, 乘积Sombor指数定义为$\prod\nolimits_{SO}(G)= \prod\limits_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d_{G}^{2}(u)+d_{G}^{2}(v)}$. 分子树是最大度$\Delta\leq 4$的树. 在本文中, 我们首先确定了乘积Sombor指数最大的分子树, 然后我们确定了乘积Sombor指数的前十三小的(分子)树.     

一个关于平面图的K-(2,1)-全可选性的结果

设图$G$的一个列表分配为映射$L: V(G)\bigcup E(G)\rightarrow2^{N}$. 如果存在函数$c$使得对任意$x\in V(G)\cup E(G)$有$c(x)\in L(x)$满足当$uv\in E(G)$时, $|c(u)-c(v)|\geq1$, 当边$e_{1}$和$e_{2}$相邻时, $|c(e_{1})-c(e_{2})|\geq1$, 当点$v$和边$e$相关联时, $|c(v)-c(e)|\geq 2$, 则称图$G$为$L$-$(p,1)$-全可标号的. 如果对于任意一个满足$|L(x)|=k,x\in V(G)\cup E(G)$的列表分配$L$来说, $G$都是$L$-$(2,1)$-全可标号的, 则称$G$是 $k$-(2,1)-全可选的. 我们称使得$G$为$k$-$(2,1)$-全可选的最小的$k$为$G$的$(2,1)$-全选择数, 记作$C_{2,1}^{T}(G)$. 本文, 我们证明了若$G$是一个$\Delta(G)\geq 11$的平面图, 则$C_{2,1}^{T}(G)\leq\Delta+4$.     

半无爪可迹图的度和条件

可迹图即为一个含有Hamilton路的图.令$N[v]=N(v)\cup\{v\}$, $J(u,v)=\{w\in N(u)\cap N(v):N(w)\subseteq N[u]\cup N[v]\}$.若图中任意距离为2的两点$u,v$满足$J(u,v)\neq \emptyset$,则称该图为半无爪图.令$\sigma_{k}(G)=\min\{\sum_{v\in S}d(v):S$为$G$中含有$k$个点的独立集\},其中$d(v)$表示图$G$中顶点$v$的度.本论文证明了若图$G$为一个阶数为$n$的连通半无爪图,且$\sigma_{3}(G)\geq {n-2}$,则图$G$为可迹图; 文中给出一个图例,说明上述结果中的界是下确界; 此外,我们证明了若图$G$为一个阶数为$n$的连通半无爪图,且$\sigma_{2}(G)\geq \frac{2({n-2})}{3}$,则该图为可迹图.     

划分围长至少为6 的平面图为有界大小的分支

图$G$的$(\mathcal{O}_{k_1}, \mathcal{O}_{k_2})$-划分是将$V(G)$划分成两个非空子集$V_{1}$和$V_{2}$, 使得$G[V_{1}]$和$G[V_{2}]$分别是分支的阶数至多$k_1$和$k_2$的图.在本文中,我们考虑了有围长限制的平面图的点集划分问题,使得每个部分导出一个具有有界大小分支的图.我们证明了每一个围长至少为6并且$i$-圈不与$j$-圈相交的平面图允许$(\mathcal{O}_{2}$, $\mathcal{O}_{3})$-划分,其中$i\in\{6,7,8\}$和$j\in\{6,7,8,9\}$.     

关于$\mathcal{F}$-S-可补子群

设$\mathcal{F}$是一个群类. 群$G$的子群$H$称为在$G$中$\mathcal{F}$-S-可补的，如果存在$G$的一个子群$K$,使得$G=HK$且$K/K\cap{H_G}\in\mathcal{F}$, 其中$H_G=\bigcap_{g\in G}H^g$是包含在$H$中的$G$的最大正规子群．本文利用子群的$\mathcal{F}$-S-可补性, 给出了有限群的可解性, 超可解性和幂零性的一些新的刻画. 应用这些结果, 我们可以得到一系列推论, 其中包括有关已知的著名结果.     

亚纯函数正规族与分担值

设 $k, m$ 是两个正整数, $a\ ( \ne 0)$是有穷复数. $\mathcal{F}$ 是区域 $D$ 内的一族亚纯函数, $f\in\mathcal{F}$ 的零点重数至少为 $k$, $P$ 是多项式,次数或者 ${\rm deg}\, P\geq3$ 或者 ${\rm deg}\, P=2$ 且 $P$ 只有一个不同的零点.若对于 $\mathcal{F}$ 中的任意两个函数 $f$ 和 $g$, $P(f){({f^{(k)}})^m}$ 与 $P(g){({g^{(k)}})^m}$ 在 $D$ 内 IM 分担 $a$, 则 $\mathcal{F}$ 在 $D$ 内正规.     

SOURCE CODING THEOREMS FOR GENERAL SEQUENCE MODEL

In this paper, we give a coding theorem for general source sequence. A source sequence \[{\mathcal{T}^{(n)}} = \{ [{X^{(n)}},{p^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}})],[{X^{(n)}} \otimes {Y^{(n)}},{\rho ^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}},{Y^{(n)}})]\} \] is said to be \[({R^{(n)}},{d^{(n)}})\]-compress, if (i)\[{R^{(n)}}\], \[{d^{(n)}}\] are two sequences of real numbers \[{R^{(n)}} \to \infty \]； (ii) there exist \[{\varepsilon ^{(n)}} > 0({\varepsilon ^{(n)}} \to 0)\] and set \[{B^{(n)}} \subset {Y^{(n)}}\] so that \[|{B^{(n)}}| \leqslant {2^{{R^{(n)}}(1 + {\varepsilon ^{(n)}})}}\] and \[{p^{(n)}}{\text{\{ }}({X^{(n)}}){\rho ^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}},{B^{(n)}}) \leqslant {d^{(n)}}\} \geqslant 1 - {\varepsilon ^{(n)}}\] where \[{\rho ^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}},{B^{(n)}}) = \mathop {\min }\limits_{{y^{(n)}} \in {B^{(n}}} {\rho ^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}},{Y^{(n)}})\]. A \[{\mathcal{T}^{(n)}}\] is said to be \[({\mathcal{F}^{(n)}}{D^{(n)}})\]-information bounded, if (i)\[{\mathcal{F}^{(n)}} \to \infty \];(ii) there exist \[{\varepsilon ^{(n)}} > 0\] and conditional probability \[{Q^{(n)}}({Y^{(n)}}/{X^{(n)}})\] so that probability distribution \[{p^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}}{Y^{(n)}}) = {p^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}}){Q^{(n)}}({Y^{(n)}}/{X^{(n)}})\] is satisfied by \[\begin{gathered} {p^{(n)}}\{ ({X^{(n)}},{Y^{(n)}}):i({X^{(n)}},{Y^{(n)}}) \leqslant {\mathcal{F}^{(n)}}(1 + {\varepsilon ^{(n)}}), \hfill \ {\rho ^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}},{Y^{(n)}}) \leqslant {\rho ^{(n)}}\} \geqslant 1 - {\varepsilon ^{(n)}} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \] where \[i({X^{(n)}},{Y^{(n)}}) = \log \frac{{{p^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}},{Y^{(n)}})}}{{{p^{(n)}}({X^{(n)}}){p^{(n)}}({Y^{(n)}})}}\] Theorem The necessary and sufficient conditions for a source sequence \[{\mathcal{F}^{(n)}}\] to be \[({R^{(n)}},{a^{(n)}})\]-compress is that \[{\mathcal{F}^{(n)}}\] must be \[({R^{(n)}},{a^{(n)}})\]-information bounded. From the theorem we obtain immediately the coding theorem and its converse for stationary and unstationary sources with memory.     

有向跳图的生成欧拉子有向图

一个有向多重图D的跳图$J(D)$是一个顶点集为$D$的弧集,其中$(a,b)$是$J(D)$的一条弧当且仅当存在有向多重图$D$中的顶点$u_1$, $v_1$, $u_2$, $v_2$,使得$a=(u_1,v_1)$, $b=(u_2,v_2)$ 并且$v_1\neq u_2$.本文刻画了有向多重图类$\mathcal{H}_1$和$\mathcal{H}_2$,并证明了一个有向多重图$D$的跳图$J(D)$是强连通的当且仅当$D\not\in \mathcal{H}_1$.特别地, $J(D)$是弱连通的当且仅当$D\not\in \mathcal{H}_2$.进一步, 得到以下结果: (i) 存在有向多重图类$\mathcal{D}$使得有向多重图$D$的强连通跳图$J(D)$是强迹连通的当且仅当$D\not\in\mathcal{D}$. (ii) 每一个有向多重图$D$的强连通跳图$J(D)$是弱迹连通的,因此是超欧拉的. (iii) 每一个有向多重图D的弱连通跳图$J(D)$含有生成迹.     

与群PSL2(\mathcal{R})相关的交叉积{\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{A}},α)的一点注记

在上半复平面$\mathbb{H}$上给定双曲测度$dxdy/y^{2}$, 群$G={\rm PSL}_{2}(\mathbb{R})$ 在$\mathbb{H}$上的分式线性作用导出了$G$在Hilbert空间$L^{2}(\mathbb{H}, dxdy/y^{2})$上的酉表示$\alpha$. 证明了交叉积 $\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{A}, \alpha)$是$\mathrm{I}$型von Neumann代数, 其中$\mathcal{A}= \{M_{f}:f\in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{H},dxdy/y^{2} )\}$. 具体地, 交叉积代数$\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{A}, \alpha)$与von Neumann代数$\mathcal{B}(L^{2}(P, \nu))\overline{\otimes}\mathcal{L}_{K}$是*-同构的, 其中$\mathcal{L}_{K}$是$G$中子群 $K$的左正则表示生成的群von Neumann代数.     

n阶非线性常微分方程组边值问题的正解

运用不动点指数理论,研究以下$n$阶非线性常微分方程组边值问题正解的存在性和多重正解的存在性\[\left\{\ay\begin{array}{l}-u^{(n)}=f_1(x,u,v),\q-v^{(n)}=f_2(x,u,v),\\[2mm]u^{(i)}(0)=u^{(p)}(1)= v^{(i)}(0)=v^{(p)}(1)=0.\end{array}\right. \] 这里$n\geq 2$, $i = 0,1,2,\cdots,n-2$, $p \in \{1,2,\cdots,n-1\}$, $f_i\in C([0,1]\times\mathbb R^+\times\mathbb R^+,\mathbb R^+)~(i=1,2)$. 用凹函数刻画非线性项$f_1,f_2$的耦合行为, 因而非线性项 $f_i(i=1,2)$ 既可以都是超线性的, 也可以都是次线性的,还可以是混合非线性的(即其中一个是超线性的, 另一个是次线性的).     

图的上可嵌入性与独立顶点的新度和

Let G be a k(k ≤3)-edge connected simple graph with minimal degree ≥ 3,girth g,r=g12.For any independent set {a1,a2 , . . . , a 6/(4 k)} of G,if,then G is up-embeddable.     

分担值与正规族

设F是平面区域D上的亚纯函数族,a,b是两个有穷非零复数.如果■ff∈F,f(z)=a■f~((k))(z)=a,ff~((k))(z)=b■f~((k+1))(z)=b,且f-a的零点重数至少为k(k≥3),那么函数族F在D内正规;当k=2时,在条件a≠4b的情况下,同样有函数族F在D内正规.     

THE SECTIONS OF ODD UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS

Let $\[{S_k}\]$ be the class of functions $\[f(z) = z + \sum\limits_{m = 1}^\infty {b_{mk + 1}^{(k)}{z^{mk + 1}}} \]$ which are regular and univalent in $\[\left| z \right| < 1\]$ and denote $\[S_n^{(k)}(z) = z + \sum\limits_{m = 1}^\infty {b_{mk + 1}^{(k)}{z^{mk + 1}}} \]$. The authors prove that the functions $\[S_n^{(2)}(z)\]$ are starlike in $\[\left| z \right| < \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}\]$.     

几乎无爪图的叶子数较少的生成树

A spanning tree with no more than 3 leaves is called a spanning 3-ended tree.In this paper, we prove that if G is a k-connected(k ≥ 2) almost claw-free graph of order n and σ_(k+3)(G) ≥ n + k + 2, then G contains a spanning 3-ended tree, where σk(G) =min{∑_(v∈S)deg(v) : S is an independent set of G with |S| = k}.     

Second cohomology group of group algebras with coefficients in iterated duals

In this paper we show that the first cohomology group is zero for every odd and for every -set . In the case when is a discrete group, this is a generalization of the following result of Dales et al.: for any locally compact group , is -weakly amenable.

Next we show that the second cohomology group is a Banach space. Finally, for every locally compact group we show that is a Banach space for every odd .

     

树的导出匹配覆盖

The induced matching cover number of a graph G without isolated vertices,denoted by imc(G),is the minimum integer k such that G has k induced matchings M1,M2,…,Mk such that,M1∪M2 ∪…∪Mk covers V(G).This paper shows if G is a nontrivial tree,then imc(G) ∈ {△*0(G),△*0(G) + 1,△*0(G)+2},where △*0(G) = max{d0(u) + d0(v) :u,v ∈ V(G),uv ∈ E(G)}.     

限制零点个数的亚纯函数的正规定则

设k,n(≥k+1)是两个正整数,a(≠0),b是两个有穷复数,F为区域D内的一族亚纯函数.如果对于任意的f∈F,f的零点重级大于等于k+1,并且在D内满足f+a[L(f)]~n-b至多有n-k-1个判别的零点,那么F在D内正规·这里L(f)=f~((k))(z)+a_1f~((k-1))(z)+…+a_(k-1)f'(z)+a_kf(z),其中a_1(z),a_2(z),…,a_k(z)是区域D上的全纯函数.     

The Initial Value Problems and Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems for a Class of the Second order Quasilinear Parabolio Systems

In this paper initial value problems and nonlinear mixed boundary value problems for the quasilinear parabolic systems below $\[\frac{{\partial {u_k}}}{{\partial t}} - \sum\limits_{i,j = 1}^n {a_{ij}^{(k)}} (x,t)\frac{{{\partial ^2}{u_k}}}{{\partial {x_i}\partial {x_j}}} = {f_k}(x,t,u,{u_x}),k = 1, \cdots ,N\]$ are discussed.The boundary value conditions are $\[{u_k}{|_{\partial \Omega }} = {g_k}(x,t),k = 1, \cdots ,s,\]$ $\[\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {b_i^{(k)}} (x,t)\frac{{\partial {u_k}}}{{\partial {x_i}}}{|_{\partial \Omega }} = {h_k}(x,t,u),k = s + 1, \cdots N.\]$ Under some "basically natural" assumptions it is shown by means of the Schauder type estimates of the linear parabolic equations and the embedding inequalities in Nikol'skii spaces,these problems have solutions in the spaces $\[{H^{2 + \alpha ,1 + \frac{\alpha }{2}}}(0 < \alpha < 1)\]$.For the boundary value problem with $\[b_i^{(k)}(x,t) = \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {a_{ij}^{(k)}} (x,t)\cos (n,{x_j})\]$ uniqueness theorem is proved.