NONNESTED MULTILEVEL PRECONDITIONING METHODS WITH SIMPLE AND IDENTICAL COARSE MESH CORRECTION SPACES

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｕｌｔｉｌｅｖｅｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｃｏｍｅｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐｏｐｕｌａｒｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｆｏｒｓｏｌｖｉｎｇｌａｒｇｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｌｉｎｅａｒｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｒｔｉａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ.ＴｈｅｐｉｏｎｅｅｒｗｏｒｋｏｆｍｕｌｔｉｌｅｖｅｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｉｓｔｈｅＹｓｅｒｅｎｔａｎｔ’ｓＨｉｅｒａｒｃｈｉｃａｌｂａｓｉｓｍｅｔｈ…     

A Mathod to Solve Systems of Fuzzy Linear Equations

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ｗｅｗｉｌｌｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｗｉｔｈｓｏｌｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｆｆｕｚｚｙｌｉｎｅａｒｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓＡｘ＝ｂｆｏｒｘ，ｗｈｅｒｅＡｉｓａｍａｔｒｉｘｏｆｆｕｚｚｙｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ；ｘａｎｄｂａｒｅｖｅｃｔｏｒｓｏｆｆｕｚｚｙｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ．Ｉｎ［２］，ｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ，ｓｉｘｎｅｗｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｄｅｆｉｎｅｄ．Ｔｈｉｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｗａｓｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｅｄｔｏｓｑ…     

基于BP网络和RBF网络的模糊系统建模

Ｗｈｅｎａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇａｆｕｚｚｙｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｒａｎｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｃｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏａｎｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｖｅｒａｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ｉｔｉｓｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ．Ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ,ｉｔｉｓｊｕｓｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｕｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｐｐｒｏｘｉ…     

Two Dimensional Submanifolds in Four Manifolds with Boundary

§０．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒａｃｌｏｓｅｄ４－ｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄ,ｉｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔａｎｙｔｗｏｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｈｏｍｏｌｏｇｙｃｌａｓｓｃａｎｂｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｂｙａｎｅｍｂｅｄｄｅｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅ．Ａｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｎ４－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｙｉｓｔｏｆｉｎｄａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｗｉｔｈｍｉｎｉｍａｌｇｅｎｕｓｗｈｉｃｈｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｔｈｅｇｉｖｅｎｈｏｍｏｌｏｇｙｃｌａｓｓ．Ａｓｐｅｃｉａｌｃａｓｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｑ…     

The Degree Theory of a New Operator

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｄｅｇｒｅｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｆｏｒａｋ－ｓｅｔ－ｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒｈａｓｍａｎｙａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｓｏｍｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｓ（ｓｅｅ［１］，［２］，［３］）．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｓｏｍｅｏｐｅｒａ－ｔｏｒｓａｒｅｎｏｔｋ－ｓｅｔ－ｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒｓ．Ｉｔｉｓａｎｅｗｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｔｈａｔｗｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈａｄｅｇｒｅｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｆｏ…     

HARMONIC MAPS AND FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF NONPOSITIVELY CURVEDRIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS

Ｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｆｈａｒｍｏｎｉｃｍａｐｓｉｎｔｏａｃｏｍｐａｃｔｎｏｎｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｌｙｃｕｒｖｅｄｔａｒｇｅｔｉｓｗｅｌｌ-ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ.ＴｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｓｕｃｈａｈａｒｍｏｎｉｃｍａｐｐｉｎｇｉｎａｎｙｇｉｖｅｎｈｏｍｏｔｏｐｙｃｌａｓｓｉｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙＥｅｌｌｓａｎｄＳａｍｐｓｏｎ[1]ｉｎ1964,ａｎｄｌａｔｅｒ,ｉｎ1967,Ｈａｒｔｍａｎ[2]ｇａｖｅａｐｒｏｏｆｏｆｔｈｅｕｎｉｑｕｅｎｅｓｓ.Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓｄｅｖｏｔｅｄｔｏａｎａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏ…     

ADirect Method for the Problem of the Solid Cylinder in Elasticity

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＳａｉｎｔＶｅｎａｎｔｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｔｈｅｆａｍｏｕｓｓｅｍｉ－ｉｎｖｅｒｓｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄ［１］，ｔｈａｔｓｏｍｅａｐｐｒｏ－ｐｒｉａｔｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｍａｄｅｂｅｆｏｒｅｈａｎｄｔｏｆｉｎｄｔｈｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ，ａｆｔｅｒ－ｗａｒｄｓｃｈｅｃｋｉｎｇｔｈｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｉｎｇｖａｌｉｄ．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｆｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅｓｅｍｉ－ｉｎｖｅｒｓｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｂｅｃｏｍｅｓｔ…     

关于点可数序列邻域网

Ｉｔｉｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｏａｌｌｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｉｎｔ－ｃｏｕｎｔａｂｌｅｃｏｖｅｒｓｂｅｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒ－ｔａｎｔｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎＧｅｎｅｒａｌＴｏｐｏｌｏｇｙ．Ｔｈｅｐｏｉｎｔ－ｃｏｕｎｔａｂｌｅｃｏｖｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｖａｒｉｏｕｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｔｏｐｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＬｉｎａｎｄＴａｎａｋａ’ｓｐａｐｅｒ［１］ｏｎｐｏｉｎｔ－ｃｏｕｎｔａｂｌｅＫ－ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ．Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ,ｗ…     

An Equivalent Form of the Dedekind Axiomand Its Application(Ⅱ)——Also on the unity of the Continuous Induction,the Mathem atical Induction and the Transfinite Induction

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓＩｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｅａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｉｓｒｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎａｓｂｅｌｏｗｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ（Ⅰ）．ＴｈｅＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓＩｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ（Ａ）：ＳｕｐｐｏｓｅｔｈａｔＰｘｉｓａｐｒｏｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｉｎｇａｒｅａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｘ．Ｉｆｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｓｏｍｅｘ０ｓｕｃｈｔｈａｔＰｘｉｓｔｒｕｅｆｏｒｅｖｅｒｙｘ＜ｘ０，ｔｈｅｎＰｘｉｓｔｒｕｅｆｏｒｅｖｅｒｙｒｅａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｘ．ＩｆＰｘｉｓｔｒｕｅｆｏｒｅ…     

Analysis and Forecast on the Car Market of Our Country

§１．　ＦｏｒｅｃａｓｔａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅＣａｒＭａｒｋｅｔＤｅｍａｎｄａｎｄｔｈｅＱｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆＣａｒＰｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｎＯｕｒＣｏｕｎｔｒｙｉｎ２０００Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ,ｗｅｓｈａｌｌｆｏｒｅｃａｓｔｔｈｅｃａｒｍａｒｋｅｔｄｅｍａｎｄａｎｄｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆｃａｒｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｎｏｕｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｉｎ２０００ｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｔｗｏｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ,ｉ．ｅ．ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙｉｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅａｎｄｒｅｇｒｅｓ－ｓｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ．…     

Exact solutions of one-dimensional nonlinear shallow water equations over even and sloping bottoms

We establish an equivalence of two systems of equations of one-dimensional shallow water models describing the propagation of surface waves over even and sloping bottoms. For each of these systems, we obtain formulas for the general form of their nondegenerate solutions, which are expressible in terms of solutions of the Darboux equation. The invariant solutions of the Darboux equation that we find are simplest representatives of its essentially different exact solutions (those not related by invertible point transformations). They depend on 21 arbitrary real constants; after “proliferation” formulas derived by methods of group theory analysis are applied, they generate a 27-parameter family of essentially different exact solutions. Subsequently using the derived infinitesimal “proliferation” formulas for the solutions in this family generates a denumerable set of exact solutions, whose linear span constitutes an infinite-dimensional vector space of solutions of the Darboux equation. This vector space of solutions of the Darboux equation and the general formulas for nondegenerate solutions of systems of shallow water equations with even and sloping bottoms give an infinite set of their solutions. The “proliferation” formulas for these systems determine their additional nondegenerate solutions. We also find all degenerate solutions of these systems and thus construct a database of an infinite set of exact solutions of systems of equations of the one-dimensional nonlinear shallow water model with even and sloping bottoms.     

用改进的代数方法构造(2+1)维ZK-MEW方程的精确行波解

利用一种改进的统一代数方法将构造(2+1)维ZK MEW((2+1)-dimensionalZakharov-Kuznetsovmodifiedequalwidth)方程精确行波解的问题转化为求解一组非线性的代数方程组．再借助于符号计算系统Mathematica求解所得到的非线性代数方程组,最终获得了方程的多种形式的精确行波解．其中包括有理解,三角函数解,双曲函数解,双周期Jacobi椭圆函数解,双周期Weierstrass椭圆形式解等．并给出了部分解的图形.     

Exact Solutions for Steady Capillary Waves on a Fluid Annulus

Summary. Exact solutions for steady capillary waves on an annulus of swirling irrotational fluid are presented. The solutions have an intimate mathematical connection with the finite amplitude waves on fluid sheets identified by Kinnersley [8]. This mathematical connection is made explicit by first retrieving the solutions of Kinnersley using an extension of a new approach to free surface potential flows with capillarity recently devised by the present author (Crowdy [3]). A much-simplified representation of Kinnersley's original solutions results from the reformulation. The method is then generalized to identify the exact solutions for steady capillary waves on an annulus. Received February 9, 1998; revised November 5, 1998     

Convex solutions of a general similarity boundary layer equation for power-law fluids

This paper is devoted to a general similarity boundary layer equation for power-law fluids, which includes many important similarity boundary layer problems such as the Falker-Skan equation and the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer equation which arises in the study of self-similar solutions of the two-dimensional steady laminar boundary layer flow for an incompressible electrically conducting power-law fluids along an isolated surface in the presence of an exterior magnetic field orthogonal to the flow. By a rigorous mathematical analysis, the uniqueness, existence and nonexistence results for convex solutions, normal convex solutions and generalized convex solutions to the general similarity boundary layer equation are established. Also the asymptotic behavior of the normal convex solutions at the infinity are displayed.     

A Method for Constructing Traveling Wave Solutions to Nonlinear Evolution Equations

In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to construct explicitly exact and approximate solutions for nonlinear evolution equations. By using this method, some new traveling wave solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation and the Benny equation are obtained explicitly. These solutions include solitary wave solutions, singular traveling wave solutions and periodical wave solutions. These results indicate that in some cases our analytical approach is an effective method to obtain traveling solitary wave solutions of various nonlinear evolution equations. It can also be applied to some related nonlinear dynamical systems.     

Starting solutions for oscillating motions of an Oldroyd-B fluid over a plane wall

In this paper, we establish the starting solutions for oscillating motions of an Oldroyd-B fluid between two side walls perpendicular to a plane wall. The expressions for the velocity field and the associated tangential stress at the bottom wall are obtained, presented under integral and series form. These satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The obtained solutions are graphically analyzed for the variations of interesting flow parameters. In the absence of side walls, all solutions that have been obtained reduce to those corresponding to the motion over an infinite plate. Moreover, the obtained solutions can be specialized to give similar solutions for Maxwell, second grade and Newtonian fluids performing the same motions.     

Approximate solutions and scalarization in set-valued optimization

Abstract

Certain notions of approximate weak efficient solutions are considered for a set-valued optimization problem based on vector and set criteria approaches. For approximate solutions based on the vector approach, a characterization is provided in terms of an extended Gerstewitz’s function. For the set approach case, two notions of approximate weak efficient solutions are introduced using a lower and an upper quasi order relations for sets and further compactness and stability aspects are discussed for these approximate solutions. Existence and scalarization using a generalized Gerstewitz’s function are also established for approximate solutions, based on the lower set order relation.     

General solutions of three-dimensional problems for two-dimensional quasicrystals

Three-dimensional problems are systematically investigated for the coupled equations in two-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals, and two new general solutions, which are called generalized Lekhnitskii–Hu–Nowacki (LHN) solutions and generalized Elliott–Lodge (E–L) solutions, are presented, respectively. By introducing two higher-order displacement functions, an operator analysis technique is applied in a novel way to obtain generalized LHN solutions. For further simplification, a decomposition and superposition procedure is taken to replace the higher-order displacement functions with five quasi-harmonic displacement functions, and then generalized E–L solutions are simplified in terms of these functions. In consideration of different cases of characteristic roots, generalized E–L solutions take different forms, but all are in simple forms that are conveniently applied. To illustrate the application of the general solutions obtained, the closed form solution is obtained for an infinite quasicrystal medium subjected to a point force at an arbitrary point.     

Existence of extremal solutions by approximation to a first-order initial dynamic equation with Carathéodory's conditions and discontinuous non-linearities*

This paper is devoted to the study of the existence of extremal solutions to a first-order initial value problem on an interval of an arbitrary time scale. We prove the existence of extremal solutions for problems satisfying Carathéodory's conditions. Moreover, they are approximated uniformly by a sequence of lower and upper solutions to this problem, respectively.

We also can warrant the existence and approximation of extremal solutions for the problem by relaxing their continuity properties.     

Irregular Partially Invariant Solutions of Rank 2 and Defect 1 to Equations of Gas Dynamics

We consider three-dimensional subalgebras admitted by the equations of gas dynamics having time as an invariant and containing no rotation operator. For such subalgebras we seek for irregular partially invariant solutions of rank 2 and defect 1. The representation for solutions has the form which generalizes motion of a gas with a linear velocity field. We show that partially invariant solutions exist for each subalgebra. We describe the set of these solutions. We find solutions with the indicated representation that are not partially invariant. The solutions reducible to invariant solutions are generalized to new submodels.