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1.
资源、环境与经济的可持续发展一直是各国政府和人民关注的焦点,构建绿色、低碳的能源体系是我国能源革命的主要目标,也是我国经济可持续发展的重要战略.构建了消费者、生产部门和能源供给部门目标函数同时达到最优的一体化内生经济增长模型,对模型求解并进行了敏感性分析,着重分析了污染排放和经济增长的关系.结果表明:人均污染排放量增长率应与人均GDP增长率呈线性关系,且当化石能源使用更加清洁、低碳或减排技术更加进步时,人均环境增长率随人均GDP增长率的变化比原有速度要快;中国实际数据表明,尽管二氧化碳、废水、废气与经济的关系符合环境库兹涅兹曲线,但人均环境增长率与人均GDP增长率的关系并未达到最优状态.  相似文献   

2.
张学清  王海军 《应用数学》2017,30(2):370-378
本文在考虑污染治理的内生经济增长模型中引入时间不一致偏好,得到市场均衡的最优消费、最优污染治理投入和经济增长率,研究时间不一致偏好和污染对消费、污染治理投入、经济增长和福利成本的影响.本文研究发现时间不一致偏好会降低消费和污染治理投入,提高经济增长率和降低福利成本.污染的负生产效应越大,污染治理投入越多,消费、经济增长率越低,而福利成本越高.污染负效用参数和个体感受程度的影响是不确定的.  相似文献   

3.
从经济增长与能源环境的关系入手,构建了考虑不可再生能源和环境污染的内生经济增长模型,揭示了在能源和环境约束下的经济可持续发展的最优路径.结果表明:只靠能源的大量投入,随着能源瓶颈约束的到来,经济发展将不可持续;当有污染存在时最优均衡经济增长率要放缓;同时运用计量经济学中多变量的协整检验,建立经济增长、能源消费和二氧化碳排放的协整方程,定量分析了三者之间的关系.二氧化碳与经济增长之间存在负相关关系,能源消费与经济增长存在正相关关系.  相似文献   

4.
人力资本投资的随机内生增长模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文假设人力资本是宏观经济的一部分 ,由此建立一个随机内生增长模型 ,把人力资本作为宏观经济变量并进入个人效用 .分析了经济达到均衡时个体偏好 ,不确定性对均衡增长率的影响 .同时分析了财政政策 ,税率对经济增长的影响 ,还求出了最优的增长率和人力资本投入与物质资本比 .  相似文献   

5.
本文建立了一个基于Keeping up with the Joneses的随机内生增长模型,利用"伪双状态变量"法得到了均衡时的最优消费、最优经济增长率和最优福利,讨论了相对消费对它们的影响.  相似文献   

6.
本文研究了随机内生增长模型中具有绝对拥挤性的政府消费性支出.利用改进的连续时间随机分析方法--"附加效用"值函数法,获得了个体的最优消费、随机经济增长路径和个体的最优福利.  相似文献   

7.
本文讨论了军事花费 ,资本积累和政府债券在一个随机内生的增长模型中 ,结果表明 :如果本国有一个低的消费替代弹性 ,则外国财富和军事花费的增长都会导致本国经济的增长 ;但是 ,如果本国有一个高的消费替代弹性时 ,外国军事花费的大的扰动也可导致本国经济的增长 .  相似文献   

8.
在存在人口增长极限的假设下,对标准的Ramsey模型进行了修正,结果表明:首先,与常数人口增长率的Ramsey模型不同,模型的人均消费和人均资本并不一定随时间的推移而递增;其次,人均消费和人均资本不存在平衡增长路径均衡,但是存在渐进平衡增长路径均衡;再次,在外生参数满足一定条件的前提下,人均消费和人均资本渐近于均衡的过程是单调的.  相似文献   

9.
人力资本、自然资本与最优经济增长要素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过把人力资本、自然资本与社会生产总量联系起来 ,由消费物资多少、获得知识多少及自然资本存量大小这三因素来确定效用 ,提供了物质、人力和自然资本三种重要资产增长的模型框架 ,得到了经济的消费增长率、均衡时各种资本的增长率之间的关系和实现最优经济增长的控制策略 .  相似文献   

10.
构建了当污染防治支出为资本性支出时,环保意识提升促进经济环境双赢发展的内生增长模型.研究发现,在由实物资本部门和人力资本部门构成的两部门模型中,如果将整个社会的实物资本分为污染防治资本和生产资本,可以得到环境质量提升与经济增长兼得的结果,而且环保意识的提升有助于实现经济发展与环境质量改善的双赢局面.其次,经济增长率的提升与污染防治资本和生产资本的多寡无关,而与两种资本的相对效率大小有关.如何降低生产过程中的污染排放以及提高污染防治资本的效能,应是政策关注的焦点.  相似文献   

11.
In this paper we present a dynamic model of cooperative production with human capital accumulation. We assume CES preferences on consumption and leisure in each period. When agents do not care about future generations, sustained growth occurs iff the elasticity of substitution between consumption and leisure is larger or equal than one. Meritocracy always has a positive effect on output, but when the elasticity of substitution is less than one, is only a level effect. When agents care about future generations, under Cobb–Douglas preferences in each period and some extra conditions, there is constant growth at a rate that is larger than the one when future generations do not count. For any discount rate between generations, there is a unique level of meritocracy for which efficiency is achieved.  相似文献   

12.
Most of the literature analyzing the growth-substitutability nexus considers models in which long-run growth is exogenous. We study this link in an endogenous growth model with physical and human capital. We show that for two economies differing uniquely in factor substitutability, the one with the higher elasticity of substitution will have higher long-run growth. This is due to the efficiency effect of a higher factor substitution. Furthermore, if the initial ratio of physical to human capital is below (above) its steady-state value, the economy with the higher elasticity of substitution will have a higher (lower) steady-state physical capital income share.  相似文献   

13.
在本文中,我们考虑一个一般Rebelo增长模型:虽然在这一般模型中要求均衡增长轨道与均衡值是更困难的,但我们通过精巧的计算和动态分析,引出了唯一可行轨道及均衡值,且分析了参数对它的影响,当时间偏好率(折现因子增大时,分配在物资生产部门的物资资本与人力资本的比重会增大。而物资资本,人力资本及总生产量的增长率都会相应减少。  相似文献   

14.
This paper examines the relationship between the rate of discount and the the optimal level of permanently preserved natural environments. A lower rate of discount increases the demand for both preserved environments and capital accumulation. The greater demand for capital indirectly increases the demand for the productive resource inputs found within the natural environments thereby reducing the level of preservation. This indirect effect outweighs the direct effect of the rate of discount on the level of preservation if the elasticity of output with respect to capital is greater that the elasticity of output with respect to the resource input. In general, the asymptotic values of the output elasticities depend upon the rate of discount and so there can be a nonmonotonic relationship between the rate of discount and the optimal level of permanently preserved natural environments.  相似文献   

15.
For a Neoclassical growth model, the literature highlights that exponential discounting is observationally equivalent to quasi-hyperbolic discounting, if the instantaneous discount rate decreases asymptotically towards a positive value. Conversely, in this paper a zero long-run value allows a solution without stagnation. We prove that a less than exponential but unbounded growth can be attained, even without technological progress. The growth rate of consumption decreases asymptotically towards zero, although so slowly that consumption grows unboundedly. The asymptotic convergence towards a non-hyperbolic steady-state which saving rate matches the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the speed of convergence towards this equilibrium are analyzed.  相似文献   

16.
能源作为国民经济生产最基本的物质基础,既是国民经济生产中不可或缺的生产要素,又是人们日常生活中必不可少的消费对象.对能源消费的这种二重性进行了分析,建立了考虑能源消费二重性的经济增长模型.讨论了生产、消费用能源的最优配置条件及资本折旧率、效用贴现率对经济均衡点资本存量的影响.  相似文献   

17.
蒲龙 《经济数学》2016,(4):50-57
在一个无穷期限模型中,假设经济主体具有完全理性,通过将常数贴现因子转换为关于效用水平的内生变量,利用跨期优化方法重新考虑了政府支出结构、扭曲性税收对宏观经济变量的影响.尤其关注这两种变量的长期和短期变化对资本积累路径的影响,理论模型表明,当贴现因子内生化后,政府支出结构和扭曲性税收对宏观经济的影响会更为复杂,尤其体现在生产性支出上.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, the balanced economic growth path was considered in a new growth model with endogenous technical progress. It is not only obtained the optimal allocation about capital and labor between a goods-producing sector and a R&D Sector, but also the optimal value of saving rates. By discussing the effect of parameters, it are also got the following results: When the rate of time preference (discount factor) rising, the fractions of Capital and labor in the goods-producing sector will increase , the fractions in R&D sector and the saving rates will decrease; When the population grows rapidly, the result will be contrary.  相似文献   

19.
We develop a two-sector monetary economy with human capital accumulation and a cash constraint applied to both consumption and investment to examine the ways in which social status affects the impact of monetary policy on the long-run economic growth rate. Our findings suggest that the formation of human capital is an important determinant to the super-neutrality of money in the growth-rate sense. Within an economy with Lucas-type human capital formation, money is super-neutral; however, within an economy where human capital accumulation formation is more generalized, and in which both physical and human capital are used as inputs, the growth rate in money will have a negative effect on the long-run growth rate of the economy. The existence, uniqueness and saddle-path stability of balanced-growth equilibrium are also examined.  相似文献   

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