丹红注射液对肝缺血- 再灌注损伤大鼠ICAM-1表达的影响

目的 研究丹红注射液对大鼠肝缺血- 再灌注损伤（HIRI）和细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 24 只SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham 组）、缺血- 再灌注组（I-R 组）和缺血- 再灌注丹红注射液预处理组（DH组）。阻断I-R、DH 组大鼠的门静脉、肝动脉和胆总管20min 后恢复血供,建立肝HIRI 模型。12h 后采血检测各组血清ALT 和AST的含量,显微镜下观察肝组织病理学改变,免疫组织化学法检测肝组织ICAM-1的表达。结果 I-R 组血清ALT、AST 水平较Sham组明显上升（P＜0.01）,肝组织病理学损害严重,ICAM-1 表达上调（P＜0.01）;DH 组ICAM-1表达则较I-R 组明显下调（P＜0.01）,ALT、AST 水平均下降（均P＜0.01）,肝组织病理学损害亦明显减轻。结论 丹红注射液能在一定程度上保护HIRI 后的肝组织,该作用可能与下调ICAM-1 的表达,减轻炎症反应有关。     

红花对兔肠缺血再灌注损伤后微循环改善作用的研究

目的探讨红花对兔肠缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)时微循环的改善作用.方法将30只日本大耳兔随机分为假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和缺血再灌注+红花注射液组(SI组).制作在体兔IRI模型.观察和记录各组动物肠系膜微循环变化,包括微动脉管径(AD)、微静脉管径(VD)、微动脉流速(AFV)、微静脉流速(VFV)和白细胞黏附数,电镜下观察肠黏膜超微结构改变.结果 IR组肠系膜微动、静脉管径缩小,血流速度减慢,多数肠黏膜微结构破坏严重.SI组微动、静脉管径及血流速度明显改善,肠黏膜超微结构异常改变不同程度减轻.结论在兔肠IRI发生后使用红花注射液能有效改善肠系膜的微循环,从而对肠黏膜起到良好的保护作用.     

双源CT4D-CTA联合灌注成像在急性脑缺血性疾病中的应用价值

目的：探讨双源CT 4维血管造影（4D- CTA）及灌注成像（CTPI）在急性脑缺血性疾病中的应用价值。方法对30例临床拟诊为急性脑缺血性疾病的患者于发病2-24h内行头颅CT平扫和全脑CTPI检查,获得脑血流量、脑血容量、平均通过时间、达峰时间等参数图,同时获得4D- CTA图像;于发病的1-3d后行MRI检查,分析CT平扫、CTPI、4D- CTA、MRI表现。结果 CT平扫发现12例有16个缺血病灶,CTPI发现26例32个缺血病灶,MRI发现25例28个缺血病灶,4D- CTA显示有20例责任血管有不同程度的狭窄或闭塞。结论双源CT 4D- CTA联合灌注成像能为急性脑缺血患者提供全面、详细的影像学信息,对急性缺血性脑梗死的早期诊断和治疗有重要价值。     

连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛对断指再植血流动力学影响的研究

目的研究连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛对断指再植术后再植指血流动力学的影响，探讨其缓解血管痉挛、增加血流量的可行性。方法将60例急诊行断指再植术患者按随机数字表法分为术后连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛组（CA组）和对照组（NA组），每组30例。观察两组患者再植指术后血管痉挛、血管栓塞和指体坏死发生例数并计算再植指成活率，记录两组术后即刻（T1）、术后24h（T2）再植指固有动脉血流动力学参数及动脉内径（AD）、远指端血氧饱和度（SpO2）和温度（Ts）变化。结果断指再植术后成活率CA组高于NA组，血管痉挛、血管栓塞和指体坏死发生率CA组均低于NA组，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。在T2时CA组各项血流动力学参数、AD、SpO2、Ts均高于NA组，阻力指数（RI）低于NA组，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论术后连续臂丛神经阻滞镇痛可以缓解再植指固有动脉痉挛，增加指体血流量，提高了断指再植的成功率。     

促红细胞生成素后处理减轻大鼠再灌注损伤肺细胞凋亡中的作用及机制

目的探讨促红细胞生成素后处理在减轻肺缺血/再灌注损伤（LIRI）大鼠肺细胞凋亡中的作用及其机制。方法健康雄性成年SD大鼠40只,按随机数字表法分成5组,每组8只,即假手术对照组（C组）、缺血/再灌注(IR)组、促红细胞生成素（EPO）组、EPO+溶剂对照组（PPCES溶液）（P组）和EPO+SP600125（SP组）,通过阻断左肺门制作动物模型并予相应处理。原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测肺细胞凋亡情况并计算凋亡指数（AI）;RT-PCR法、免疫组化法测定肺组织Bcl-2、Bax基因和蛋白的表达;光镜下观察肺组织的病理变化及测定肺泡损伤数（IQA）。结果与C组比较,IR组肺组织IQA显著升高,AI显著升高,Bcl-2基因和蛋白表达明显下降,Bax基因和蛋白表达明显上调,Bcl-2/Bax的比值降低（均P＜0.05）,肺组织形态学发生异常改变;与IR组比较,EPO组、P组、SP组的IQA显著降低,AI显著降低,Bcl-2基因和蛋白表达上调,Bax基因和蛋白和表达下降,Bcl-2/Bax的比值增高（均P＜0.05）,肺组织形态学结构异常改变有所减轻;与EPO组比较,SP组的IQA降低,AI显著降低,Bcl-2基因和蛋白表达上调,Bax基因和蛋白表达下降,Bcl-2/Bax的比值增高（均P＜0.05）,SP组的肺组织形态学结构损伤较EPO组减轻。结论EPO后处理能减轻LIRI,其机制可能通过抑制JNK信号转导通路的激活,上调凋亡抑制因子Bcl-2的表达,下调促凋亡基因Bax的表达,提高Bcl-2/Bax比值,使肺组织细胞凋亡减少,改善其结构。     

内质网应激在蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤中的作用机制

目的探讨内质网应激（ERS）在蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后早期脑损伤中的作用机制。方法采用血管穿刺法制作大鼠SAH模型,应用ERS 激动剂衣霉素（Tm）、抑制剂牛磺熊去氧胆酸（TUDCA）以及自噬抑制剂3- 甲基腺嘌呤（3-MA）研究ERS 与自噬在SAH 后早期脑损伤中的作用。在SAH 模型建立后24h对大鼠进行神经功能评估,留取脑组织后分别行分子生物学和免疫组织化学检测。结果SAH后24h ERS水平显著激活,Tm预处理可显著改善SAH 大鼠的神经功能,抑制促凋亡分子caspase-3的表达,减少TUNEL阳性细胞的数量。TUDCA则显著加重SAH 大鼠神经功能障碍并导致神经细胞凋亡。Western blot结果显示,Tm预处理可显著降低自噬标记蛋白Beclin 1表达水平及LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值,而TUDCA 具有相反的作用。通过侧脑室内给予3-MA则可显著抑制Tm介导的抗凋亡作用。结论ERS对SAH后早期脑损伤具有神经保护作用,该作用与自噬的激活密切相关。     

黄芩苷对惊厥持续状态幼年大鼠海马IL-lβ、NF-κB表达的影响

目的观察幼年大鼠惊厥持续状态（SC）后海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡以及IL-1β和NF-κB蛋白、MicroRNA表达变化,并了解黄芩苷（BC）对其影响。方法将195只19d龄SD雄性大鼠随机分成生理盐水对照组（NS组）、惊厥持续状态组（SC组）和黄芩苷预处理组（BC组）,每组65只;各组按处死时间点随机分为4、12、24、48和72h组。采用氯化锂-匹鲁卡品化学点燃法制备幼年大鼠SC模型;采用免疫组化法检测大鼠海马中IL-lβ、NF-κB蛋白表达,RT-PCR法检测NF-κBMicroRNA表达,TUNEL法检测神经细胞凋亡数。结果IL-lβ：与NS组（12、24、48和72h分别为11.47±2.51、12.49±2.58、13.19±2.39和12.79±5.30）比较,SC组（12、24、48和72h分别为29.38±5.18、40.09±5.16、35.32±6.59和27.98±4.16）表达增强（均P＜0.01）;与SC组比较,BC组（12、24和48h组分别为21.19±4.54、29.78±4.39和25.91±5.64）表达降低（均P＜0.05）。NF-κB：与NS组（4、12、24、48和72h组分别为45.76±15.41、41.26±6.28、50.61±12.54、51.72±6.52和52.65±7.65）比较,SC组（4、12、24、48和72h组分别为64.06±6.18、71.16±6.49、79.34±11.76、67.07±6.58和65.12±9.66）表达增强（均P＜0.05）;与SC组比较,BC组（4、12和24h组分别为52.65±5.73、56.68±5.37和67.01±9.08）表达降低（均P＜0.05）。NF-κBMicroRNA表达与蛋白表达相似。SC组在惊厥后12h海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡数为（11.38±2.35）个,高于NS组的（6.19±1.48）个（P＜0.01）,48h达到高峰（28.28±5.17）个;BC组在12、24、48和72h时神经细胞凋亡数分别为（8.96±2.21）、（13.07±2.47）、（20.51±4.39）和（17.36±4.12）个,均低于SC组（均P＜0.05）,但高于NS组（6.19±1.48）、（6.59±1.66）、（6.79±1.15）和（6.31±1.47）个（均P＜0.05）。结论幼年大鼠SC后海马CA1区IL-1β和NF-κB表达增强,神经细胞凋亡增加;BC预处理能抑制早期IL-1β和NF-κB蛋白、MicroRNA表达,减少神经细胞凋亡,对幼年鼠SC后脑损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

大鼠缺血再灌注损伤对心肌超微结构的影响及LXA4的保护作用

目的探讨脂氧素A4(LXA4)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)超微结构的保护作用.方法72只SD雄性大鼠随机分成假手术一组(C1组)、假手术二组(C2组)、MIRI一组(I/R1组)、MIRI二组(I/R2组)、MIRI前用药组(LX1组)、MIRI后用药组(LX2组),每组12只.建立大鼠MIRI模型,各组于开胸前取血(T1)、实验结束后取血(T2)测IL-1β、IL-8、cTnI血清浓度;同时测定SOD活性、MDA含量;TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡率;电镜下观察心肌超微结构的变化.结果 I/R1、LX1与C1组相比,I/R2、LX2与C2组相比,血清IL-1β、IL-8、cTnI浓度(均为T2),SOD、MDA以及凋亡率增高(P<0.05).LX1与I/R1组,LX2与I/R2组相比,血清IL-1β、IL-8、cTnI浓度(均为T2),MDA含量及凋亡率均降低(均P<0.05);SOD活性提高(P<0.05);同时心肌超微结构损伤明显改善,线粒体排列整齐,电子密度增高,肿胀及空泡明显减轻.结论 LXA4通过抑制组织促炎细胞因子、氧自由基损伤,降低细胞凋亡来减轻心肌超微结构的损伤,对大鼠MIRI起明显的保护作用.     

房颤复律前后血BNP水平变化及复发的相关因素

目的探讨房颤对血脑利钠肽(BNP)水平的影响及房颤复发的相关因素.方法选择阵发性或持续性房颤非心衰患者49例(房颤组),另择同期类似疾病窦性心律患者50例作为对照组.检测对照组及房颤组复律前的血BNP水平.房颤组患者使用胺碘酮药物复律,在复律后24h检测血BNP水平,并随访观察6个月.比较分析6个月内房颤组复发与未复发患者的血BNP水平及临床特征.结果复律前房颤组血BNP水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01);房颤组复律后血BNP水平显著低于复律前(P<0.01),与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).随访期间房颤组31例未复发,18例复发;复律前后复发者血BNP水平均显著高于未复发者(均P<0.01);复发者与未复发者仅左房内径、病程、束支传导阻滞、二尖瓣反流等临床特征的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01).结论房颤患者血BNP水平升高,并在复律时降低.血BNP水平、左房内径、房颤病程、束支传导阻滞、二尖瓣反流等特征可能与房颤复发有关.     

帕立骨化醇对糖尿病肾病肾小管 上皮间充质转化的干预作用研究

目的 探讨帕立骨化醇对糖尿病肾病（DKD）肾小管上皮间充质转化（EMT）的作用及内在机制。方法 将24 只SD 大鼠按随机数字表法分为帕立骨化醇干预组（P 组）、糖尿病肾病组（D 组）和正常对照组（C 组）,每组各8 只。P 组和D 组大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65mg/kg建立糖尿病肾病模型,造模成功后第2天P 组腹腔注射帕立骨化醇（溶于丙二醇中）0.4滋g/kg,3 次/ 周,D 组予等体积丙二醇;C组仅予等体积丙二醇。4 周后测血、尿生化指标;进行肾脏病理学检查;免疫组化及Western blot 技术检测肾组织E- 钙粘蛋白（E-cadherin）、α- 平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、纤连蛋白（FN）、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）及Klotho 的表达,并进行指标间的相关性分析。结果 D组大鼠血清肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）及24 h尿蛋白水平均高于C 组,P 组均低于D 组（均P＜ 0.05）。C 组大鼠肾小管结构完整清晰,无明显病理改变;D 组可见肾小管间质局部炎症细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞脱落,小管扩张,基底膜断裂;P 组肾小管间质病理改变较D 组减轻。D 组大鼠肾组织E-cadherin 与Klotho表达低于C组,而P组高于D组（均P＜0.05）;与C 组比较,D 组大鼠肾组织α-SMA、FN 及TGF-β1 表达增加,而P 组表达均较D 组减少（均P＜0.05）。Klotho 表达与E-cadherin呈正相关（r=0.924,P＜0.05）,而与α-SMA、FN 及TGF-β1 均呈负相关（r=-0.806、-0.623、-0.856,均P＜0.05）。结论 帕立骨化醇可抑制糖尿病肾病大鼠肾小管上皮EMT,其作用可能与增加肾组织Klotho表达,同时减少TGF-β1合成相关。     

针灸治疗脑梗死对NIHSS指数影响的单因素方差分析

用单因素方差分析的方法,讨论通脑活络针刺法、溶栓剂法与常规治疗三种不同的治疗方法在各救治时间窗对脑梗死患者N IHSS评分影响,并得到结论,通脑活络针刺法在各救治时间窗治疗脑梗死患者疗效显著.     

The effect of the 4MAT method (learning styles and brain hemispheres) of instruction on achievement in mathematics

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of 4MAT method of instruction in which learning style and cerebral hemispheres are taken into account in teaching the binary operation and its properties in mathematics. The sample of this study comprised 58 ninth grade students in two separate classes in a high school. One of the classes was selected as the experimental group in which 4MAT method of instruction was used; and the other class was selected as the control group in which the traditional teaching was given, and this selection was performed randomly. The data have been obtained primarily from three scales, namely ‘mathematical knowledge test’, ‘mathematical attitude scale’ and ‘knowledge test on binary operation and its properties’. It has been determined that 4MAT method of instruction was more efficient than the traditional method in teaching of the binary operation subject in mathematics.     

基于χ~2检验法的通脑活络针刺法对脑梗死患者BI指数的影响

用r×s列连表的Pearson x~2检验法,讨论通脑活络针刺法、溶栓剂法与常规法在各救治时间窗对脑梗死患者BI评分的影响,并得到结论,通脑活络针刺法在各救治时间窗的"治愈率"及较好的康复程度方面显示了显著疗效.     

The effect of project-based learning on students’ statistical literacy levels for data representation

The point of this study is to define the effect of project-based learning approach on 8th Grade secondary-school students’ statistical literacy levels for data representation. To achieve this goal, a test which consists of 12 open-ended questions in accordance with the views of experts was developed. Seventy 8th grade secondary-school students, 35 in the experimental group and 35 in the control group, took this test twice, one before the application and one after the application. All the raw scores were turned into linear points by using the Winsteps 3.72 modelling program that makes the Rasch analysis and t-tests, and an ANCOVA analysis was carried out with the linear points. Depending on the findings, it was concluded that the project-based learning approach increases students’ level of statistical literacy for data representation. Students’ levels of statistical literacy before and after the application were shown through the obtained person-item maps.     

Long-term characteristics of analogical processing in high-school students with high fluid intelligence: an fMRI study

Intelligence is known to predict scholastic achievement and enables high performance in cognitive tasks. Fluid intelligence is strongly related to analogical reasoning abilities, which are fundamental to mathematical thinking. Geometric analogical reasoning is a prototypical measure of fluid intelligence. However, the cerebral correlates of geometric analogical reasoning and their developmental modulation over time are still rarely investigated. We report a 1-year follow-up functional magnetic resonance imaging study of a geometric analogical reasoning task in high fluid intelligence high-school students. This study was designed to characterise the cerebral correlates of geometric analogical reasoning and to improve our knowledge about the impact of general cognitive development on behavioural performance and on cerebral mechanisms underlying geometric analogical reasoning in adolescents. Our data indicate that a fronto-parietal network comprising the left and right parietal lobes and the left middle frontal gyrus was equally modulated by task difficulty at both measuring time points. At the behavioural level, however, participants showed improvements in performance at the second measuring time point. The behavioural improvements point to a more efficient task processing. As this is not accompanied by differential recruitment of fronto-parietal brain regions, the data suggest an increase in neural efficiency for these brain regions.     

脑梗塞发病因素的分析

周家仪．脑梗塞发病因素的分析．数理统计与管理，１９９７，１６（４），２５～２８．本文在调查脑梗塞发病因素的基础上，以ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归模型拟合，研究各发病因素在单独作用及其联合作用下，各因素的相对危险性。并用对数线性模型配合，研究各因素间的各阶交互作用     

The Influence of Mind Mapping on Eighth Graders’ Science Achievement

This study assessed the influence of using mind maps as a learning tool on eighth graders’ science achievement, whether such influence was mediated by students’ prior scholastic achievement, and the relationship between students’ mind maps and their conceptual understandings. Sixty‐two students enrolled in four intact sections of a grade 8 science classroom were randomly assigned to experimental and comparison conditions. Participants in the experimental group received training in, and constructed, mind maps throughout a science unit. Engagement with mind mapping was counterbalanced with involving the comparison group participants with note summarization to control for time on task as a confounding variable. Otherwise, the intervention was similar for both groups in all respects. A multiple choice test was used to measure student gains across two categories and three levels of achievement. Data analyses indicated that the experimental group participants achieved statistically significant and substantially higher gains than students in the comparison group. The gains were not mediated by participants’ prior scholastic achievement. Analyses also indicated that iconography was not as central to participants’ mind maps as often theorized. Depicting accurate links between central themes and major and minor concepts, and using colors to represent concepts were the major aspects that differentiated the mind maps built by students who achieved higher levels of conceptual understanding.     

Computational modelling of drug infusion into the anisotropic white-matter tracts of the human brain

Unfortunately, the human brain is compromised by an amount of brain diseases, such as strokes or cerebral tumours. In this contribution, special attention is paid to the constitutive modelling procedure and the numerical simulation of the so-called convection-enhanced delivery process, where an effective treatment of malignant brain tumours is achieved by bypassing the blood-brain barrier via a direct infusion of therapeutic agents into the extra-vascular space of the brain tissue using implanted catheters. The modelling approach of the complex brain-tissue aggregate proceeds from the Theory of Porous Media including an elastically deformable solid skeleton, provided by the tissue cells and the vascular walls. The tissue is permeated by two liquid phases, the blood and the interstitial fluid. In order to describe a distribution process of the inserted drugs, the interstitial fluid phase is treated as a chemical solution of two components, the liquid solvent and the dissolved therapeutic solute. The inhomogeneous anisotropic nature of the white-matter tracts is considered by spatially varying permeability tensors, obtained by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The strongly coupled solid-liquid transport problem is simultaneously approximated in all primary unknowns using mixed finite elements and solved in a monolithic manner with an implicit time-integration scheme. The numerical investigation is applied to un-bloody numerical studies. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)