ANOTHER TYPE OF GENERALIZED BALL CURVES AND SURFACES

In 2000,Wu presented two new types of generalized Ball curves,one of which is called an NB1 curve located between the Wang Ball curve and the Said Ball curve.In this article,the authors aim to discuss properties of NB1 curves and surfaces,including the recursive algorithms,conversion algorithms between NB1 and Bézier curves and surfaces, etc.In addition the authors compare the computation efficiency of recursive algorithms for the NB1 and above mentioned two generalized Ball curves and surfaces.     

Judging or setting weight steady-state of rational Bezier curves and surfaces

Many works have investigated the problem of reparameterizing rational B~zier curves or surfaces via MSbius transformation to adjust their parametric distribution as well as weights, such that the maximal ratio of weights becomes smallerthat some algebraic and computational properties of the curves or surfaces can be improved in a way. However, it is an indication of veracity and optimization of the reparameterization to do prior to judge whether the maximal ratio of weights reaches minimum, and verify the new weights after MSbius transfor- mation. What＇s more the users of computer aided design softwares may require some guidelines for designing rational B6zier curves or surfaces with the smallest ratio of weights. In this paper we present the necessary and sufficient conditions that the maximal ratio of weights of the curves or surfaces reaches minimum and also describe it by using weights succinctly and straightway. The weights being satisfied these conditions are called being in the stable state. Applying such conditions, any giving rational B6zier curve or surface can automatically be adjusted to come into the stable state by CAD system, that is, the curve or surface possesses its optimal para- metric distribution. Finally, we give some numerical examples for demonstrating our results in important applications of judging the stable state of weights of the curves or surfaces and designing rational B6zier surfaces with compact derivative bounds.     

基于离散点和法矢的曲线重构算法

This paper presents a curve reconstruction algorithm based on discrete data points and normal vectors using B-splines.The proposed algorithm has been improved in three steps:parameterization of the discrete data points with tangent vectors,the B-spline knot vector determination by the selected dominant points based on normal vectors,and the determination of the weight to balancing the two errors of the data points and normal vectors in fitting model.Therefore,we transform the B-spline fitting problem into three sub-problems,and can obtain the B-spline curve adaptively.Compared with the usual fitting method which is based on dominant points selected only by data points,the B-spline curves reconstructed by our approach can retain better geometric shape of the original curves when the given data set contains high strength noises.     

An algorithm for solving new trust region subproblem with conic model

The new trust region subproblem with the conic model was proposed in 2005, and was divided into three different cases. The first two cases can be converted into a quadratic model or a convex problem with quadratic constraints, while the third one is a nonconvex problem. In this paper, first we analyze the nonconvex problem, and reduce it to two convex problems. Then we discuss some dual properties of these problems and give an algorithm for solving them. At last, we present an algorithm for solving the new trust region subproblem with the conic model and report some numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.     

G~1 Continuity Conditions of B-spline Surfaces

According to the B-spline theory and Boehm algorithm, this paper presents several necessary and sufficient G1 continuity conditions between two adjacent B-spline surfaces. In order to meet the need of application, a kind of sufficient conditions of G1 continuity are developed, and a kind of sufficient conditions of G1 continuity among N(N > 2) patch B-spline surfaces meeting at a common corner are given at the end.     

鱼骨形网格上二阶方程混合元的超收敛

In this paper, superconvergence of the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element approximation for second order Neumann boundary value problem on fishbone shape meshes is analyzed. The main term of the error between the exact solution and the finite element interpolating function is determined by Bramble-Hilbert lemma on the individual finite element. A part of the main term of the error on two adjacent finite elements can be cancelled along the special direction, and thus the higher order error estimate is obtained on the whole domain by summation. Compared with the general finite element error estimate,the convergence rate can be increased from order one to order two in L2-norm by postprocessing superconvergence technique.     

Judging or setting weight steady-state of rational Bézier curves and surfaces

Many works have investigated the problem of reparameterizing rational Bézier curves or surfaces via Mbius transformation to adjust their parametric distribution as well as weights, such that the maximal ratio of weights becomes smallerthat some algebraic and computational properties of the curves or surfaces can be improved in a way. However, it is an indication of veracity and optimization of the reparameterization to do prior to judge whether the maximal ratio of weights reaches minimum, and verify the new weights after Mbius transformation. What's more the users of computer aided design softwares may require some guidelines for designing rational Bézier curves or surfaces with the smallest ratio of weights. In this paper we present the necessary and sufficient conditions that the maximal ratio of weights of the curves or surfaces reaches minimum and also describe it by using weights succinctly and straightway.The weights being satisfied these conditions are called being in the stable state. Applying such conditions, any giving rational Bézier curve or surface can automatically be adjusted to come into the stable state by CAD system, that is, the curve or surface possesses its optimal parametric distribution. Finally, we give some numerical examples for demonstrating our results in important applications of judging the stable state of weights of the curves or surfaces and designing rational Bézier surfaces with compact derivative bounds.     

一种近似识别原则

In this paper,we reseach the following form of approximate reasoning.Ant 1:(If x1 is A1 and x2 is A2 and… xn is An then y is B)is t1.Ant2:(x1is A'1 and x2is A'2and … and xn is A'n)is t2.Cons:(y is B')is t3.First we put forward two reasonable approximate reasoning principles,then,accordingg to the two reasoning principles we construct a new kind of approximate reasoning methods.The basic idea which the new kind of approximate reasoning methods is that according to the strength p(A1(x),…，An(xn))→B(y)which A1(x1),…,An(xn)implicate B(y) and the degree of A'(x) approximates to A(),we determine the upper limit and B'(y),then take a definite value B'(y) in between the upper limit and the lower limit,and make the reasoning method satisfied the two reasoning principles.     

The Alternating-Direction Schemes and Numerical Analysis for the Three-dimensional Seawater Intrusion Simulation

Both numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of seawater intrusion in coastal regions are of great theoretical importance in environmental sciences. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of three dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations with initial-boundary value problems. In this paper, according to the actual conditions of molecular and three-dimensional characteristic of the problem, we construct the characteristic finite element alternating-direction schemes which can be divided into three continuous one-dimensional problems. By making use of tensor product algorithm, and priori estimation theory and techniques, the optimal order estimates in H1 norm are derived for the error in the approximate solution.     

带无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程的解的存在唯一性

In this paper, we will make use of a new method to study the existence and uniqueness for the solution of neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay (INSFDEs for short) in the phase space BC((?∞,0];Rd). By constructing a new iterative scheme, the existence and uniqueness for the solution of INSFDEs can be directly obtained only under uniform Lipschitz condition, linear grown condition and contractive condition. Meanwhile, the moment estimate of the solution and the estimate for the error between the approximate solution and the accurate solution can be both given. Compared with the previous results, our method is partially different from the Picard iterative method and our results can complement the earlier publications in the existing literatures.     

Degree reduction of B-spline curves

An algorithmic approach to degree reduction of B-spline curves is presented. The new algorithms are based on the blossoming process and its matrix representation. The degree reduction of B-spline curves are obtained by the generalized least square method. The computations are carried out by minimizing theL ₂ distance between the two curves.     

Convergence of local variational spline interpolation

In this paper we first revisit a classical problem of computing variational splines. We propose to compute local variational splines in the sense that they are interpolatory splines which minimize the energy norm over a subinterval. We shall show that the error between local and global variational spline interpolants decays exponentially over a fixed subinterval as the support of the local variational spline increases. By piecing together these locally defined splines, one can obtain a very good C⁰ approximation of the global variational spline. Finally we generalize this idea to approximate global tensor product B-spline interpolatory surfaces.     

具有重结点的B-样条曲面G1的连续条件

本文得到了关于两个双三次内部重结点B-样条曲面片G¹连续的充分必要条件和在公共边界线上控制向量的本征条件.这些条件直接由两个B-样条曲面的控制向量表示.文[10]证明了使用内部单结点的双三次B-样条曲面来构造G¹光滑曲面,局部格式不存在.使用本文的这些条件就可以构造出具有局部各式的G¹光滑造型.     

Construction of rational surfaces yielding good codes

In the present article, we consider Algebraic Geometry codes on some rational surfaces. The estimate of the minimum distance is translated into a point counting problem on plane curves. This problem is solved by applying the upper bound à la Weil of Aubry and Perret together with the bound of Homma and Kim for plane curves. The parameters of several codes from rational surfaces are computed. Among them, the codes defined by the evaluation of forms of degree 3 on an elliptic quadric are studied. As far as we know, such codes have never been treated before. Two other rational surfaces are studied and very good codes are found on them. In particular, a [57,12,34] code over F₇ and a [91,18,53] code over F₉ are discovered, these codes beat the best known codes up to now.     

A class of algebraic-trigonometric blended splines

This paper presents a new kind of algebraic-trigonometric blended spline curve, called xyB curves, generated over the space {1,t,sint,cost,sin²t,sin³t,cos³t}. The new curves not only inherit most properties of usual cubic B-spline curves in polynomial space, but also enjoy some other advantageous properties for modeling. For given control points, the shape of the new curves can be adjusted by using the parameters x and y. When the control points and the parameters are chosen appropriately, the new curves can represent some conics and transcendental curves. In addition, we present methods of constructing an interpolation xyB-spline curve and an xyB-spline curve which is tangent to the given control polygon. The generation of tensor product surfaces by these new spline curves is straightforward. Many properties of the curves can be easily extended to the surfaces. The new surfaces can exactly represent the rotation surfaces as well as the surfaces with elliptical or circular sections.     

周期B样条基转换矩阵的表示和计算

周期B样条基以一种简洁的形式表示闭B样条曲线.周期B样条基转换矩阵为闭B样条曲线及相关曲面的不同表示间的转换提供了一个数学模型.本文给出了周期B样条基转换矩阵的存在性条件,给出并证明了周期B样条基转换矩阵的一个简单的递归表示式.在此基础上,本文进一步给出了周期B样条基转换矩阵的计算公式和高效算法.周期B样条基转换矩阵为闭B样条曲线的节点插入、升阶、节点删除和降阶等基本运算提供了一个统一而简单的解决方法,本文给出了一些应用例子.     

NURBS approximation of surface/surface intersection curves

We use a combination of both symbolic and numerical techniques to construct degree boundedC ^k -continuous, rational B-spline ε-approximations of real algebraic surface-surface intersection curves. The algebraic surfaces could be either in implicit or rational parametric form. At singular points, we use the classical Newton power series factorizations to determine the distinct branches of the space intersection curve. In addition to singular points, we obtain an adaptive selection of regular points about which the curve approximation yields a small number of curve segments yet achievesC ^k continuity between segments. Details of the implementation of these algorithms and approximation error bounds are also provided. Supported in part by NSF Grants CCR 92.22467, DMS 91-01424, AFOSR Grant F49620-10138 and NASA Grant NAG-1-1473. Supported in part by K.C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong.     

Extrema of a Real Polynomial

In this paper, we investigate critical point and extrema structure of a multivariate real polynomial. We classify critical surfaces of a real polynomial f into three classes: repeated, intersected and primal critical surfaces. These different critical surfaces are defined by some essential factors of f, where an essential factor of f means a polynomial factor of f–c ₀, for some constant c ₀. We show that the degree sum of repeated critical surfaces is at most d–1, where d is the degree of f. When a real polynomial f has only two variables, we give the minimum upper bound for the number of other isolated critical points even when there are nondegenerate critical curves, and the minimum upper bound of isolated local extrema even when there are saddle curves. We show that a normal polynomial has no odd degree essential factors, and all of its even degree essential factors are normal polynomials, up to a sign change. We show that if a normal quartic polynomial f has a normal quadratic essential factor, a global minimum of f can be either easily found, or located within the interior(s) of one or two ellipsoids. We also show that a normal quartic polynomial can have at most one local maximum.     

New spline spaces with generalized tension properties

The paper describes a new space of variable degree polynomials. This space is isomorphic to ℙ₆, possesses a Bernstein like basis and has generalized tension properties in the sense that, for limit values of the degrees, its functions approximate quadratic polynomials. The corresponding space of C ³, variable degree splines is also studied. This spline space can be profitably used in the construction of shape preserving curves or surfaces. AMS subject classification (2000)  65D07, 65D17, 65D10     

具有重结点的B-样条曲面G1的连续条件

本文得到了关于两个双三次内部重结点B-样条曲面片G1连续的充分必要条件和在公共边界线上控制向量的本征条件.这些条件直接由两个B-样条曲面的控制向量表示.文[10]证明了使用内部单结点的双三次B-样条曲面来构造G1光滑曲面,局部格式不存在.使用本文的这些条件就可以构造出具有局部各式的G1光滑造型.