Sums of Squares of Integers

We find a formula for the sum of the first n squares:Sn = 12 22 32 42 … n2.We haveS1 = 1, S2 = 12 22 = 5, S3 = l2 22 32 = 14,S4 = 30, S5 = 55, S6 = 91.and so on. To make things a little simpler, we will also use the sum of the squares of the first zero terms , S0 = 02 = 0. Arranging these values in a table,we find thatSince the third differenes △3Sn are constant,these data values must follow a cubic pattern;that is, the formula for the sum of the squares of the first n integers is a cubic function,     

On the Growth of Components of Meromorphic Solutions of Systems of Complex Differential Equations

This paper investigates the problem of the growth of the components of meromorphic solutions of a class of a system of complex algebraic differential equations, and generalized some of N. Toda＇s results concerning the growth of differential equations to the case of systems of differential equations. The paper considers the existence of admissible solutions of the system of differential equations.     

Vertices of π-Irreducible Characters of Groups of Odd Order

If G is a group of odd order and χ ∈ Irr(G) lifts an irreducible Brauer character ?, then we associate to χ a canonical pair (Q, δ) up to G-conjugacy, where Q is a vertex of ? and δ ∈ Irr(Q) is a linear character of Q. We show that (Q, δ) is a Navarro vertex for χ. We also discuss examples.     

Stability of Solution of a Class of Quasilinear Elliptic Equations

In this paper, using capacity theory and extension theorem of Lipschitz functions we first discuss the uniqueness of weak solution of nonhomogeneous quasilinear elliptic equationsin space W(θ,p)(Ω), which is bigger than W1,p(Ω). Next, using revise reverse Holder inequality we prove that if ωc is uniformly p-think, then there exists a neighborhood U of p, such that for all t ∈U, the weak solutions of equation corresponding t are bounded uniformly. Finally, we get the stability of weak solutions on exponent p.     

Existence of nonzero positive solutions of systems of second order

Existence of nonzero positive solutions  of systems of second order elliptic boundary value problems under sublinear conditions is obtained. The methodology is to establish a new result on existence of nonzero positive solutions of a fixed point equation in real Banach spaces by using the well-known theory of fixed point index for compact maps defined on cones, where the fixed point equation involves composition of a compact linear operator and a continuous nonlinear map. The conditions imposed on the nonlinear maps involve the spectral radii of the compact linear operators. Moreover, the nonlinear maps are not required to be increasing in  ordered Banach spaces.     

Estimates of groups of deviations of Faber sums and strong summability of faber series on classes of ψ-integrals

We establish upper bounds for a group of *-deviations of Faber sums on the classes of -integrals in a complex plane introduced by Stepanets.Translated from Ukrainskyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 451–461, April, 2004.     

Correlation of zeros of automorphic L-functions

We compute the n-level correlation of normalized nontrivial zeros of a product of L-functions:L(s,π1)···L(s,πk), where πj, j=1,...,k, are automorphic cuspidal representations of GLmj(QA). Here the sizes of the groups GLmj(QA) are not necessarily the same. When these L(s,πj) are distinct, we prove that their nontrivial zeros are uncorrelated, as predicted by random matrix theory and verified numerically. When L(s,πj) are not necessarily distinct, our results will lead to a proof that the n-level correlation of normalized nontrivial zeros of the product L-function follows the superposition of Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) models of individual L-functions and products of lower rank GUEs. The results are unconditional when m1,...,mk 4,but are under Hypothesis H in other cases.     

Extension of a Theorem of Carleson-Duren

1. Introduction A theorem of Carleson,as generalized by Duren characterizes those positive measure μ on the unit disc U={z∈C:|z|<1} for which the H~p norm domiates the L~q(μ) norm of elements of H~p. Later on, Hasting proved an analogous results with H~p replaced by A~p, the Bergman space of fuctions f     

Dynamics of Polynomial Automorphisms of C~N

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The Degree of Unsolvability of Models

The purpose of this paper is to describe the complexity of models by theirdegrees of unsolvability,J.Richter defined the degree of a structure to be deg ()=sup{deg(),deg(R_i),i=1,…,n},Where is a model for afinite language L={R_i,i=1,…,n}and the universe of is a subset of ω. Shepointed out that, according to her definition, there can be models which areisomorphic but their degrees are different.Also,her discussions are restricted tofinite languages and models whose universes are subsets of ω.     

Sets of rigged paths with Virasoro characters

Let {M _r,s ^(p,p′)}_{1≤r≤p−1,1≤s≤p′−1} be the irreducible Virasoro modules in the (p,p′)-minimal series. In our previous paper, we have constructed a monomial basis of ⊕ _r=1 ^p−1 M _r,s ^(p,p′) in the case 1<p′/p<2. By ‘monomials’ we mean vectors of the form , where φ _−n ^(r′,r):M _r,s ^(p,p′)→M _r′,s ^(p,p′) are the Fourier components of the (2,1)-primary field and |r ₀,s〉 is the highest weight vector of . In this article, we introduce for all p<p′ with p≥3 and s=1 a subset of such monomials as a conjectural basis of ⊕ _r=1 ^p−1 M _r,1^(p,p′). We prove that the character of the combinatorial set labeling these monomials coincides with the character of the corresponding Virasoro module. We also verify the conjecture in the case p=3.      

Explosive solutions of elliptic equations with absorption and nonlinear gradient term

Letf be a non-decreasing C¹-function such that andF(t)/f ² a(t)→ 0 ast → ∞, whereF(t)=∫ ₀ ^t f(s) ds anda ∈ (0, 2]. We prove the existence of positive large solutions to the equationΔu +q(x)|Δu| ^a =p(x)f(u) in a smooth bounded domain Ω ⊂R^N, provided thatp, q are non-negative continuous functions so that any zero ofp is surrounded by a surface strictly included in Ω on whichp is positive. Under additional hypotheses onp we deduce the existence of solutions if Ω is unbounded.     

A braidlike presentation of Sp(n,p)

Forn even andp an odd prime a symplectic group Sp(n, p) is a quotient of the Artin braid groupB _n+1. Ifs ₁, …,s _n are standard generators ofB _n+1 then the kernel of the corresponding epimorphism is the normal closure of just four elements:s ₁ ^p ,(s ₁ s ₂)⁶,s ₁ ^(p+1)/2 s ₂ ⁴ s ₁ ^(p−1)/2 s ₂ ⁻² s ₁ ⁻¹ s ₂ ² and (s ₁ s ₂ s ₃)⁴ A ⁻¹ s ₁ ⁻² A, whereA=s ₂ s ₃ ⁻¹ s ₂ ^(p−1)/2 s ₄ s ₃ ² s ₄, all of them lying in the subgroupB ₅. Sp(n, p) acts on a vector space and the image of the subgroupB _n ofB _n+1 in Sp(n, p), denoted Sp(n−1,p), is a stabilizer of one vector. A sequence of inclusions …B _k+1·B _k … induces a sequence of inclusions …Sp(k,p)·Sp(k−1,p)…, which can be used to study some finite-valued invariants of knots and links in the 3-sphere via the Markov theorem. Partially supported by the Technion VPR-Fund.     

On the average hyperoscillations of planted plane trees

Assume that the leaves of a planted plane tree are enumerated from left to right by 1, 2, .... Thej-ths-turn of the tree is defined to be the root of the (unique) subtree of minimal height with leavesj, j+1, ...,j+s−1. If all trees withn nodes are regarded equally likely, the average level number of thej-ths-turn tends to a finite limitα _s (j), which is of orderj ^1/2. Thej-th ”s-hyperoscillation”α ₁(j)−α _s+1(j) is given by 1/2α ₁(s)+O(j ^−1/2) and therefore tends (forj → ∞) to a constant behaving like √8/π·s ^1/2 fors → ∞. These results are obtained by setting up appropriate generating functions, which are expanded about their (algebraic) singularities nearest to the origin, so that the asymptotic formulas are consequences of the so-called Darboux-Pólyamethod.     

Scale functions on $p$-adic Lie groups

Let G be a p-adic Lie group. Then G is a locally compact, totally disconnected group, to which Willis [14] associates its scale function G : G→ℕ. We show that s can be computed on the Lie algebra level. The image of s consists of powers of p. If G is a linear algebraic group over ℚ _p , s(x)=s(h) is determined by the semisimple part h of x∈G. For every finite extension K of ℚ _p , the scale functions of G and H:=G(K) are related by s _H ∣ _G =s _G ^{[ K :ℚ} _p ^]. More generally, we clarify the relations between the scale function of a p-adic Lie group and the scale functions of its closed subgroups and Hausdorff quotients. Received: 20 February 1997; Revised version: 18 May 1998     

An elementary approach to gap theorems

Using elementary comparison geometry, we prove: Let (M, g) be a simply-connected complete Riemannian manifold of dimension ≥ 3. Suppose that the sectional curvature K satisfies −1 − s(r) ≤ K ≤ −1, where r denotes distance to a fixed point in M. If lim _{r → ∞} e^2r s(r) = 0, then (M, g) has to be isometric to ℍ ⁿ . The same proof also yields that if K satisfies −s(r) ≤ K ≤ 0 where lim _{r → ∞} r ² s(r) = 0, then (M, g) is isometric to ℝ ⁿ , a result due to Greene and Wu. Our second result is a local one: Let (M, g) be any Riemannian manifold. For a ∈ ℝ, if K ≤ a on a geodesic ball B _p (R) in M and K = a on ∂B _p (R), then K = a on B _p (R).     

Neumann boundary condition for a non-autonomous Hamilton-Jacobi equation in a quarter plane

We consider Hamilton-Jacobi equation u _t +H(u, u _x ) = 0 in the quarter plane and study initial boundary value problems with Neumann boundary condition on the line x = 0. We assume that p → H(u, p) is convex, positively homogeneous of degree one. In general, this problem need not admit a continuous viscosity solution when s → H(s, p) is non increasing. In this paper, explicit formula for a viscosity solution of the initial boundary value problem is given for the cases s → H(s, p) is non decreasing as well as s → H(s, p) is non increasing.     

On convergence of gradient-dependent integrands

We study convergence properties of {υ(∇u _k )}k∈ℕ if υ ∈ C(ℝ ^m×m ), |υ(s)| ⩽ C(1+|s| ^p ), 1 < p < + ∞, has a finite quasiconvex envelope, u _k → u weakly in W ^1,p (Ω; ℝ ^m ) and for some g ∈ C(Ω) it holds that ∫_Ω g(x)υ(∇u _k (x))dx → ∫_Ω g(x)Qυ(∇u(x))dx as k → ∞. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for L ¹-weak convergence of {det ∇u _k } _k∈ℕ to det ∇u if m = n = p. Dedicated to Jiří V. Outrata on the occasion of his 60th birthday This work was supported by the grants IAA 1075402 (GA AV ČR) and VZ6840770021 (MŠMT ČR).     

Andrews–Gordon type identities from combinations of Virasoro characters

For p∈{3,4} and all p′>p, with p′ coprime to p, we obtain fermionic expressions for the combination χ _1,s ^p,p′+q ^Δ χ _p−1,s ^p,p′ of Virasoro (W ₂) characters for various values of s, and particular choices of Δ. Equating these expressions with known product expressions, we obtain q-series identities which are akin to the Andrews–Gordon identities. For p=3, these identities were conjectured by Bytsko. For p=4, we obtain identities whose form is a variation on that of the p=3 cases. These identities appear to be new. The case (p,p′)=(3,14) is particularly interesting because it relates not only to W ₂, but also to W ₃ characters, and offers W ₃ analogues of the original Andrews–Gordon identities. Our fermionic expressions for these characters differ from those of Andrews et al. which involve Gaussian polynomials. BF is partially supported by grant number RFBR 05-01-01007, and OF by the Australian Research Council (ARC).     

Extensions of Meyers-Ziemer results

Letp∈(1, +∞) ands ∈ (0, +∞) be two real numbers, and letH _p ^s (ℝ ⁿ ) denote the Sobolev space defined with Bessel potentials. We give a classA of operators, such thatB _s,p -almost all points ℝ ⁿ are Lebesgue points ofT(f), for allf ∈H _p ^s (ℝ ⁿ ) and allT ∈A (B _s,p denotes the Bessel capacity); this extends the result of Bagby and Ziemer (cf. [2], [15]) and Bojarski-Hajlasz [4], valid wheneverT is the identity operator. Furthermore, we describe an interesting special subclassC ofA (C contains the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator, Littlewood-Paley square functions and the absolute value operatorT: f→|f|) such that, for everyf ∈H _p ^s (ℝ ⁿ ) and everyT ∈C, T(f) is quasiuniformly continuous in ℝ ⁿ ; this yields an improvement of the Meyers result [10] which asserts that everyf ∈H _p ^s (ℝ ⁿ ) is quasicontinuous. However,T (f) does not belong, in general, toH _p ^s (ℝ ⁿ ) wheneverT ∈C ands≥1+1/p (cf. Bourdaud-Kateb [5] or Korry [7]).