正三角形排列管束结构流弹失稳流体力模型数值研究

研究了流弹失稳流体力模型.选取阻尼机理控制下的流弹稳定性问题为研究对象,在多种入口流速下对正三角形排列管束结构中单管可动情况的流致振动过程进行了模拟.用管子速度和位移的多项式函数作为流体力模型,结合流体力和管子位移数值模拟结果,计算了流体力系数.对不同流速工况下的流体力系数与流速之间的关系进行拟合,将流速的影响引入到流体力模型中.最终得到了与管子速度、位移以及入口流速相关的流体力模型.用建立起的流体力模型对管束结构流弹失稳临界流速进行了预测,结果较好.这种以管束结构流致振动数值仿真为基础,结合给定的函数形式建立起的流体力模型,能反映管束结构和流体相互作用过程中的主要特征,该模型对流弹失稳临界流速有一定的预测能力.     

直管束流固耦合振动的数值模拟

为了研究反应堆结构中的诸如燃料棒、蒸汽发生器和其它换热器传热管束等的流体-结构交互作用问题,利用有限体积法离散大涡模拟(large eddy simulation, LES)的流体控制方程,用有限元方法求解结构动力学方程,并结合动网格技术,建立三维流体诱发振动的数值模型,模拟直管束中流体的流动及结构振动,实现计算结构动力学(computational structure dynamics, CSD)与计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)之间的联合仿真．首先,基于流固耦合方法对单管的流致振动特性进行了详细分析,得到了其动力学响应与流场特性;其次基于建立的传热管束流致振动计算模型,研究了两并列管、两串列管以及3×3正方形排列管束的流致振动行为．     

三维横向流体诱发直管振动的数值模拟

基于有限体积法和有限元法,结合动网格控制技术,建立了横向流体作用下三维弹性直管流致振动计算的数值模型,实现了计算结构动力学与计算流体力学之间的联合仿真．首先,通过对刚性管的静止绕流计算,研究了网格离散方式和不同湍流模型对圆柱类结构静止绕流流场特征的影响和预测能力,得到了适用于双向耦合分析的CFD模型;其次,利用基于双向流固耦合方法的流致振动模型,计算并分析了流体力与结构位移间的相位关系,指出流体力与位移间的相位差是由流体力引起的,同时对双向耦合和单向耦合进行了比较分析;最后通过对直管流致振动的数值计算,联合管表面压力、尾流区时均速度、分离角等时均量,分析了尾流区的流场特征.     

半无限平面裂纹构型横向应力的Green函数

针对各向同性弹性无限大板中半无限裂纹,用解析函数方法求解了裂尖处横向应力的Green函数.加载情况为一任意集中力作用于任意一内点处.用叠加法求解了复势,它给出该平面问题的弹性解.通过渐近分析抽取复势的非奇异部分.基于该非奇异部分,用一种直接方法求解了横向应力的Green函数.进一步,用叠加法得到了一对对称和反对称集中力加载时的Green函数.然后,用得到的Green函数来预测铁电材料双悬臂梁试验中畴变引起的横向应力.用力电联合加载引起的横向应力来判断试验中所观察到的稳定和不稳定裂纹扩展行为.预测结果和试验数据基本吻合.     

基于粒子进化的SD多功效流率函数及其应用北大核心CSCD

系统动力学(SD)模型的流率是动态仿真决策控制要素,但在SD方法中,仅给出定义式,解析范式缺失,实际应用常采用模糊确定的表函数.由于SD模型的流位演进流率与粒子群算法(PSO)的粒子进化速度属性类同,则在析解流率决策控制机制与粒子进化速度方程的基础上,依据粒子进化的结构原理,讨论流率函数结构,建立多功效流率函数解析式,提出系数估计策略,构造动态仿真算法.以区域生态经济系统动态仿真为例,将流率函数及其系数估计策略和动态仿真算法加以实际应用,以检验多功效流率函数的有效性和适用性.多功效流率函数物理意义明确,具有可比可控性、结构优化性和减少主观性等多重功效,可作为SD方法中流率函数的范式.     

基于粒子进化的SD多功效流率函数及其应用

系统动力学(SD)模型的流率是动态仿真决策控制要素,但在SD方法中,仅给出定义式,解析范式缺失,实际应用常采用模糊确定的表函数.由于SD模型的流位演进流率与粒子群算法(PSO)的粒子进化速度属性类同,则在析解流率决策控制机制与粒子进化速度方程的基础上,依据粒子进化的结构原理,讨论流率函数结构,建立多功效流率函数解析式,提出系数估计策略,构造动态仿真算法.以区域生态经济系统动态仿真为例,将流率函数及其系数估计策略和动态仿真算法加以实际应用,以检验多功效流率函数的有效性和适用性.多功效流率函数物理意义明确,具有可比可控性、结构优化性和减少主观性等多重功效,可作为SD方法中流率函数的范式.     

圆筒流体域内管束振动与碰撞接触的流固耦合动力学方法研究

在海洋平台、核电站、石油石化等工业中,海洋从式井组隔水管、换热器管束等在流体作用下,可能诱导管束振动过大,引起管束之间碰撞,从而导致管束失效.这是一种典型的管束振动与碰撞接触的流固耦合动力学问题.但管束与流体耦合动力学及其碰撞接触的研究成果还未见报道.该文针对管束振动与碰撞接触非线性动力学问题,以三维管束及圆筒流体域内的非定常流体为研究对象,不仅考虑流固耦合界面位移、速度协调以及载荷平衡条件,还考虑管束接触边界以及流体域耦合边界拓扑结构的改变,建立了圆筒流体域内管束振动与碰撞力学模型及算法.算例结果表明,在圆筒流体域内,弹性管束发生接触碰撞时,流体压力在管束接触点处相等,且流体在管束侧流面流动较快.     

轮式移动舞台机器人双模模型预测控制北大核心CSCD

针对轮式移动舞台机器人的快速镇定和移动区域约束控制问题,提出一种快速双模模型预测控制(MPC)算法.考虑轮式移动舞台机器人的位姿约束和速度约束,采用控制Lyapunov函数概念和极坐标系模型设计模型预测控制算法.利用移动舞台机器人与目标的距离、瞄准角和方位角构造一个控制Lyapunov函数,建立移动舞台机器人的一个解析双模结构MPC控制器,再引入自由变量,参数化预测控制变量,降低双模MPC在线优化计算量.在约束条件下,建立了轮式移动舞台机器人闭环系统稳定性和MPC递推可行性理论结果.最后,通过与常规MPC比较,仿真验证所提算法的有效性和优越性.     

后掠翼边界层定常横流涡的非线性演化

横流失稳是后掠翼边界层主要的失稳形式.实验和数值研究发现在后掠翼边界层转捩之前,有一段较长的非线性幅值饱和阶段,因此线性稳定性不能有效预测横流失稳转捩过程,所以研究横流涡的非线性演化过程就极为必要.以NLF(2)-0415翼型为研究模型,在来流Mach数为0.8、后掠角为45°、攻角为-4°的条件下,用扰动方程计算了定常横流涡非线性演化过程.结果显示非平行性起着更加不稳定的作用.当基本波的幅值到达0.1时,非线性作用开始明显.横流涡经历了非线性幅值饱和过程,涡的形状呈现半蘑菇状,涡的涡轴与边界层外缘无粘势流平行.饱和涡使得原有流场发生极大的扭曲,流向速度和展向剖面出现了拐点.     

近似Bayes计算前沿研究进展及应用

在大数据和人工智能时代,建立能够有效处理复杂数据的模型和算法,以从数据中获取有用的信息和知识是应用数学、统计学和计算机科学面临的共同难题.为复杂数据建立生成模型并依据这些模型进行分析和推断是解决上述难题的一种有效手段.从一种宏观的视角来看,无论是应用数学中常用的微分方程和动力系统,或是统计学中表现为概率分布的统计模型,还是机器学习领域兴起的生成对抗网络和变分自编码器,都可以看作是一种广义的生成模型.随着所处理的数据规模越来越大,结构越来越复杂,在实际问题中所需要的生成模型也变得也越来越复杂,对这些生成模型的数学结构进行精确地解析刻画变得越来越困难.如何对没有精确解析形式（或其解析形式的精确计算非常困难）的生成模型进行有效的分析和推断,逐渐成为一个十分重要的问题.起源于Bayes统计推断,近似Bayes计算是一种可以免于计算似然函数的统计推断技术,近年来在复杂统计模型和生成模型的分析和推断中发挥了重要作用.该文从经典的近似Bayes计算方法出发,对近似Bayes计算方法的前沿研究进展进行了系统的综述,并对近似Bayes计算方法在复杂数据处理中的应用前景及其和前沿人工智能方法的深刻联系进行了分析和讨论.     

Coarse-Grid-CFD for a Wire Wrapped Fuel Assembly

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of complete nuclear reactor core geometries requires exceedingly large computational resources. However, in most cases there are repetitive geometry- and flow patterns allowing the general approach of creating a parameterized model for one segment and composing many of these reduced models to obtain the entire reactor simulation. Traditionally, this approach lead to so-called subchannel analysis codes that are relying heavily on transport models based on experimental and empirical correlations. With our method, the Coarse-Grid-CFD (CGCFD), we intend to replace the experimental or empirical input with CFD data. Our method is based on detailed and well-resolved CFD simulations of representative segments. From these simulations we extract and tabulate volumetric source terms. Parameterized data is used to close an otherwise strongly under resolved, coarsely meshed model of a complete reactor setup. In the previous formulation only forces created internally in the fluid are accounted for. The Anisotropic Porosity (AP) formulation wich is subject of the present investigation adresses other influences, like obstruction and flow guidance through spacers and in particular geometric details which are under resolved or ignored by the coarse mesh. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Coarse-Grid-CFD for the Thermal Hydraulic Investigation of Rod-Bundles

A nuclear reactor core, that is a few meters in height and diameter is composed of hundreds of fuel assemblies which are again composed of tenth of fuel rods with a diameter of about 10 mm. The relevant length scales for a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations range from the sub millimetre range, relevant for the sub channels up to several meters. Describing such a multi-scale situation with CFD is extremely challenging and the traditional approach is to use integral methods. These are sub channel and sub assembly analyses codes requiring closure by empirical and experimental correlations. A CFD simulation of a complete nuclear reactor set up resolving all relevant scales requires exceedingly large computational resources. However, in many cases there exists repetitive geometrical assemblies and flow patterns. Based on this observation the general approach of creating a parametrized model for a single segment and composing many of these reduced models to obtain the entire reactor simulation becomes feasible. With the Coarse-Grid-CFD (CGCFD) ( [1], [2]), we propose to replace the experimental or empirical input with proper CFD data. Application of the methodology starts with a detailed, well-resolved, and verified CFD simulation of a single representative segment. From this simulation we extract in tabular form so-called volumetric forces which upon parametrization is assigned to all coarse cells. Repeating the fine simulation for multiple flow conditions parametrized data can be obtained or interpolated for all occurring conditions to the desired degree of accuracy. Note, that parametrized data is used to close an otherwise strongly under-resolved, coarsely meshed model of a complete reactor set up. Implementation of volumetric forces are the method of choice to account for effects as long as dominant transport is still distinguishable on the coarse mesh. In cases where smaller scale effects become relevant the Anisotrop Porosity Formulation (APF) allows capturing transport phenomena occurring on the same or slightly smaller scale compared to the coarse mesh resolution. Within this work we present results of several fuel assemblies, that were investigated with our methodology. In particular, we show Coarse-Grid-CFD simulations including a 127 pin LBE cooled wire wrapped fuel assembly. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

An iterative langevin solution for turbulent dispersion in the atmosphere

In this work we present an alternative hybrid method to solve the Langevin equation and we apply it to simulate air pollution dispersion in inhomogeneous turbulence conditions. The method solves the Langevin equation, in semi-analytical manner, by the method of successive approximations or Picard's Iterative Method. Solutions for Gaussian and non-Gaussian turbulence conditions, considering Gaussian, bi-Gaussian and Gram–Charlier probability density functions are obtained. The models are applied to study the pollutant dispersion in all atmospheric stability and in low-wind speed condition. The proposed approach is evaluated through the comparison with experimental data and results from other different dispersion models. A statistical analysis reveals that the model simulates very well the experimental data and presents results comparable or even better than ones obtained by the other models.     

Fast spectral solutions of the double-gyre problem in a turbulent flow regime

Several semi-analytical models are considered for a double-gyre problem in a turbulent flow regime for which a reference fully numerical eddy-resolving solution is obtained. The semi-analytical models correspond to solving the depth-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using the spectral Galerkin approach. The robustness of the linear and Smagorinsky eddy-viscosity models for turbulent diffusion approximation is investigated. To capture essential properties of the double-gyre configuration, such as the integral kinetic energy, the integral angular momentum, and the jet mean-flow distribution, an improved semi-analytical model is suggested that is inspired by the idea of scale decomposition between the jet and the surrounding flow.     

The growth of fractal dimension of an interface evolution from the interaction of a shock wave with a rectangular block of SF6

The interface between air and a rectangular block of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), impulsively accelerated by the passage of a planar shock wave, undergoes Richtmyer–Meshkov instability and the flow becomes turbulent. The evolution of the interface was previously simulated using a multi-component model based on a thermodynamically consistent and fully conservative formulation and results were validated against available experimental data (Bates et al. Richtmyer–Meshkov instability induced by the interaction of a shock wave with a rectangular block of SF6, Phys Fluids, 2007; 19:036101). In this study, the CFD results are analyzed using the fractal theory approach and the evolution of fractal dimension of the interface during the transition of the flow into fully developed turbulence is measured using the standard box-counting method. It is shown that as the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability on the interface develops and the flow becomes turbulent, the fractal dimension of the interface increases asymptotically toward a value close to 1.39, which agrees well to those measured for classical shear and fully developed turbulences.     

冲击波作用下Air/SF6斜界面不稳定性实验和数值模拟研究

开展了Mach数为1.23和1.41的冲击波作用下的Air/SF6斜界面不稳定性激波管实验,并利用王涛等人发展的可压缩多介质粘性流体和湍流大涡模拟程序MVFT(multi-viscous-fluid and turbulence),对该激波管实验进行了数值模拟,二者相比较一致性较好,包括界面图像、湍流混合区TMZ(turbulent mixing zone)宽度、气泡和尖钉位移,确认了该计算代码对界面不稳定性问题模拟的可靠性和有效性.数值模拟再现了冲击波作用下,Air/SF6斜界面的演化过程及流动中复杂波系结构的发展如冲击波的传播、折射和反射.结果还显示冲击波Mach数较大时,冲击波和界面相互作用时混合区获得的能量也较大,扰动界面发展的也更快.     

Predicting gas–liquid flow in a mechanically stirred tank

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides a method for investigating the highly complex fluid flow in mechanically stirred tanks. Although there are quite a number of papers in the literature describing CFD methods for modelling stirred tanks, most only consider single-phase flow. However, multiphase mixtures occur very frequently in the process industries, and these are more complex situations for which modelling is not as well developed. This paper reports on progress in developing CFD simulations of gas–liquid mixing in a baffled stirred tank. The model is three-dimensional and the impeller region is explicitly included using a Multiple Frames of Reference method to account for the relative movement between impeller and baffles. Fluid flow is calculated with a turbulent two-fluid model using a finite-volume method. Several alternative treatments of the multiphase equations are possible, including various expressions for drag and dispersion forces, and a number of these have been tested. Variation in bubble size due to coalescence and break-up is also modelled. The CFD simulation method has been used to model a gas-sparged tank equipped with a Rushton turbine, and simulation results are compared with experimental data. Results to date show the correct pattern of gas distribution and the correct trends in local bubble size in the tank. Further work is needed to improve the quantitative agreement with experimental data.     

CFD-modeling of effects of draft tubes on operating condition in spouted beds

Draft tubes are used to increase performance in spouted beds. Performance of these tubes depends on its geometry and location. We can by surveying and CFD modeling of bed provide the best condition. In this work a CFD modeling technique is used to optimize draft tube geometry. First, model accuracy was assessed by comparing the results with experimental results. After it became clear that the model works, it was used to optimize the designing of spouted bed. The Eulerian–Eulerian multifluid modeling approach was applied to predict gas–solid flow behavior. The results present that optimized selection of draft tubes lead to uniform distribution of particle velocity and it can increase also particles circulating.     

基于Schwarz-Christoffel变换的非圆截面血管流场分布研究

应用Schwarz-Christoffel(S-C)变换方法,实现从复平面单位圆到多边形区域的共形映射,结合圆形管道下完全发展脉动流的Womersley算法理论,建立了基于S-C映射的非圆入口截面下的Womersley速度边界模型.在边界模型建立的基础上,应用计算流体力学方法,对基于生理真实的人体肺动脉二级分支血管在一个心动周期内的血流流动情况进行了数值模拟,并与通过外接圆管法设定入口速度边界条件得到的流场模拟结果进行了对比分析.分析结果表明,两者的模拟结果高度一致,但考虑到模拟效率和数值模拟结果的确定性,基于S-C映射的Womersley速度边界模型优于外接圆管方法,对于血管血流动力学的模拟研究更具有现实意义.     

Large Eddy Simulation of the vortex end in reverse-flow centrifugal separators

The present work is a study of the gas-flow phenomenon known as the “end of the vortex” (EoV), which spontaneously occurs at the lower end, or under, reverse-flow centrifugal separators such as cyclones or swirl tubes. Different CFD models of swirl tubes have been built to study and analyse this phenomenon in detail. The present numerical work is based on—and compared with—previous experimental observations of this phenomenon. The numerical models were built in complete agreement with the geometrical configurations and operating conditions used in these earlier experimental studies [1]. Two different configurations of swirl tubes were analyzed. One configuration was an in principle long tube with variable length in which the dependence on the vessel length of the behaviour of the vortex core in a simple, well-defined geometry was studied. The other configuration was equipped with a wide “dust collection vessel” at the bottom, the depth of which was varied, to study the behaviour of the vortex core in a widely-used geometry. 3-D LES simulations were carried out using the commercial CFD package Star-CD. The bending of the vortex core to the wall of the vessel and its precessional motion, constituting the phenomenon of the EoV, was seen in both configurations, and the obtained results are in very good agreement, both qualitatively and to an extent quantitatively, with previous experimental results [1].