Finite temperature field theory

Book Reviews

Finite temperature field theoryJoseph I. Kapusta: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989, US $59.50, 219 pp     

Notes on logic and set theory

Book Reviews

Notes on logic and set theoryP. T. Johnstone: (Cambridge Mathematical Text-books), Cambridge University Press, 1987, paperback, 110pp., £6.95/$12.95     

An introduction to mathematical physiology and biology

Book Review

An introduction to mathematical physiology and biologyJ. Mazumdar: Cambridge University Press, 1989, xi + 208pp., £27.50 (hardback), £9.95 (paperback)     

A saturation property of structures obtained by forcing with a compact family of random variables

A method for constructing Boolean-valued models of some fragments of arithmetic was developed in Krají?ek (Forcing with Random Variables and Proof Complexity, London Mathematical Society Lecture Notes Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011), with the intended applications in bounded arithmetic and proof complexity. Such a model is formed by a family of random variables defined on a pseudo-finite sample space. We show that under a fairly natural condition on the family [called compactness in Krají?ek (Forcing with Random Variables and Proof Complexity, London Mathematical Society Lecture Notes Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011)] the resulting structure has a property that is naturally interpreted as saturation for existential types. We also give an example showing that this cannot be extended to universal types.     

A Geometric Proof of Bourgain’s $$L^2$$ Estimate of Maximal Operators Along Analytic Vector Fields

Bourgain (A remark on the maximal function associated to an analytic vector field. Analysis at Urbana, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989) proved that the maximal operator associated with an analytic vector field is bounded on \(L^2\). In the present paper, we give a geometric proof of Bourgain’s result by using the tools developed by Lacey and Li in (Trans Am Math Soc 358(9):4099–4117, 2006) and (Mem Am Math Soc 205 (965):viii+72, 2010).     

A Generalized Chordal Metric in Control Theory Making Strong Stabilizability a Robust Property

An abstract chordal metric is defined on linear control systems described by their transfer functions. Analogous to a previous result due to Partington (Linear Operators and Linear Systems. An Analytical Approach to Control Theory. London Mathematical Society Student Texts, vol. 60, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004) for $H^\infty $ , it is shown that strong stabilizability is a robust property in this metric.     

Fourier coefficients of cusp forms of half-integral weight

Let ${{\mathfrak f}}$ be a cusp form of half integral weight whose Fourier coefficients ${{\mathfrak a}_{\mathfrak f}(n)}$ are all real. We study the sign change problem of ${{\mathfrak a}_{\mathfrak f}(n)}$ , when n runs over some specific sets of integers. Lower bounds of the best possible order of magnitude are established for the number of those coefficients that have the same signs. These give an improvement on some recent results of Bruinier and Kohnen (Modular forms on Schiermonnikoong. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 57–66, 2008) and Kohnen (Int. J. Number. Theory 6:1255–1259, 2010).     

Difference sets with few character values

The known families of difference sets can be subdivided into three classes: difference sets with Singer parameters, cyclotomic difference sets, and difference sets with gcd \((v,n)>1\) . It is remarkable that all the known difference sets with gcd \((v,n)>1\) have the so-called character divisibility property. Jungnickel and Schmidt (Difference sets: an update. London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., vol. 245, pp. 89–112, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1997) posed the problem of constructing difference sets with gcd \((v,n)>1\) that do not satisfy this property. In an attempt to attack this problem, we use difference sets with three nontrivial character values as candidates, and get some necessary conditions.     

Approach Theory in a Category: A Study of Compactness and Hausdorff Separation

In a topological construct endowed with a proper -factorization system and a concrete functor , we study -compactness and -Hausdorff separation, where is a class of “closed morphisms” in the sense of Clementino et al. (A functional approach to general topology. In: Categorical Foundations. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, vol. 97, pp. 103–163. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004), determined by Λ. In particular, we point out under which conditions on Λ, the notion of -compactness of an object of coincides with 0-compactness of the image in Prap. Our results will be illustrated by some examples: except for some well-known ones, like b-compactness of a topological space, we also capture some compactness notions that were not considered before in the literature. In particular, we obtain a generalization of b-compactness to the setting of approach spaces. This notion is shown to play an important role in the study of uniformizability. The author is research assistant at the Fund of Scientific Research Vlaanderen (FWO).     

Jensen’s inequality on convex spaces

We prove a Jensen’s inequality on $p$ -uniformly convex space in terms of $p$ -barycenters of probability measures with $(p-1)$ -th moment with $p\in ]1,\infty [$ under a geometric condition, which extends the results in Kuwae (Jensen’s inequality over CAT $(\kappa )$ -space with small diameter. In: Proceedings of Potential Theory and Stochastics, Albac Romania, pp. 173–182. Theta Series in Advanced Mathematics, vol. 14. Theta, Bucharest, 2009) , Eells and Fuglede (Harmonic maps between Riemannian polyhedra. In: Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol. 142. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001) and Sturm (Probability measures on metric spaces of nonpositive curvature. Probability measures on metric spaces of nonpositive curvature. In: Heat kernels and analysis on manifolds, graphs, and metric spaces (Paris, 2002), pp. 357–390. Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 338. American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2003). As an application, we give a Liouville’s theorem for harmonic maps described by Markov chains into $2$ -uniformly convex space satisfying such a geometric condition. An alternative proof of the Jensen’s inequality over Banach spaces is also presented.     

Pollaczek polynomials and hypergeometric representation

This paper gives a solution, without the use of the three-term recurrence relation, of the problem posed in Ismail (Classical and Quantum Orthogonal Polynomials in One Variable, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005) (Problem 24.8.2, p. 658): that the hypergeometric representation of the general Pollaczek polynomials is a polynomial in cos(θ) of degree n. Chu solved in (Ramanujan J. 13(1–3): 221–225, 2007) the problem in a particular case. We use elementary properties of functions of complex variables and Pfaff’s transformation on hypergeometric ₂ F ₁-series.     

A decidable theory of type assignment

This article investigates a theory of type assignment (assigning types to lambda terms) called ETA which is intermediate in strength between the simple theory of type assignment and strong polymorphic theories like Girard’s F (Proofs and types. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989). It is like the simple theory and unlike F in that the typability and type-checking problems are solvable with respect to ETA. This is proved in the article along with three other main results: (1) all primitive recursive functionals of finite type are representable in ETA; (2) every term typable in ETA has a unique normal form; (3) there is a function defined by ${{\varepsilon}_0}$ -recursion which takes every typable term to a natural number which is an upper bound to the lengths of all βη-reduction sequences starting with that term.     

Gradient estimates and differential Harnack inequalities for a nonlinear parabolic equation on Riemannian manifolds

Let (M ⁿ , g) be an n-dimensional complete Riemannian manifold. We consider gradient estimates for the positive solutions to the following nonlinear parabolic equation: $$u_t=\Delta u+au\log u+bu$$ on M ⁿ  × [0,T], where a, b are two real constants. We derive local gradient estimates of the Li-Yau type for positive solutions of the above equations on Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below. As applications, several parabolic Harnack inequalities are obtained. In particular, our results extend the ones of Davies in Heat Kernels and Spectral Theory, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol 92, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1989, and Li and Xu in Adv Math 226:4456–4491 (2011).     

OR and the Social Sciences

The text is the opening address of the conference on OR and the Social Sciences organized by the Operational Research Society, in Cambridge, 10-13 April 1989.     

Book Reviews

Linear Algebra, 2nd edition by Serge Lang (1971). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Linear Algebra with Applications by Hugh G. Campbell. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1971. xiii + 396 pp. + A45.An Engineering Approach to Linear Algebra, by W. W. Sawyer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1972. 304 pp. ($11.50)

An Engineering Approach to Linear Algebra, By W. W. Sawyer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1972. 304 pp. ($11.50) Sparse Matrices, by R. P. Tewarson. ($11.95)

Sparse Matrices, by R. P. Tewarson. ($11.95)     

Variational Formulation of a General Equilibrium Model with Incomplete Financial Markets and Numeraire Assets: Existence

We present a general equilibrium model with incomplete financial markets and numeraire assets. We assume that there are 2 periods of time, say today and tomorrow. In period 0, households exchange goods and assets and then consumption takes place; in period 1, one of S possible states of nature occurs. In each of them, assets pay their returns, which are measured in units of a given physical good, i.e., the numeraire commodity; households exchange goods; finally, consumption takes place. We define a consumption, portfolio holding, commodity and asset price vector as an equilibrium vector associated with a given economy, if at those prices and economies households maximize, and market clears. While the existence proof by Geneakoplos and Polemarchakis (Essays in honor of K.J. Arrow, vol 3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 65–95, 1986) uses a fixed point argument, we provide an independent existence result in terms of variational inequalities. That approach allows us to get the desired existence result under some different and more general or realistic assumptions than those usually made in the literature.     

Projective Representations of Quivers #

In the first part of this article, we describe the projective representations in the category of representations by modules of a quiver which does not contain any cycles and the quiver A _∞ as a subquiver, that is, the so-called rooted quivers. As a consequence of this, we show when the category of representations by modules of a quiver admits projective covers. In the second part, we develop a technique involving matrix computations for the quiver A _∞, which will allow us to characterize the projective representations of A _∞. This will improve some previous results and make more accurate the statement made in Benson (1991 Benson , D. J. ( 1991 ). Representations and Cohomology I . Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics , Vol. 30 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . [Google Scholar]). We think this technique can be applied in many other general situations to provide information about the decomposition of a projective module.     

A Nekrasov–Okounkov formula for Macdonald polynomials

We construct the irreducible unipotent modules of the finite general linear groups from actions on tableaux. Our approach is analogous to that of James (Bull Lond Math Soc 8:229–232, 1976) for the symmetric groups, answering an open question as to whether such a construction exists. We show that our modules are isomorphic to those previously constructed by James (Representations of general linear groups, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, vol. 94. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511661921) , although the two presentations are quite different. Key to our construction are the generalized Gelfand–Graev representations of Kawanaka (Generalized Gel’fand-Graev representations and Ennola duality. In: Algebraic groups and related topics (Kyoto/Nagoya, 1983), advanced studies in pure math., vol. 6, pp. 175–206. North-Holland, Amsterdam 1985).