Two inequalities for pseudo-differential operators

Изучается ограничен ность псевдодиффере нциальных операторов на \(L^2 (R^n )\) и на пр остранствах Харди в \(R^n \) . Пусть \(D_k = \{ \xi \in R^n :2^{k - 1} \leqq \left| \xi \right|< 2^k \} , k = 1,2,3, \ldots ,\) и \(D_0 = \{ \xi \in R^n :\left| \xi \right|< 1\} \) . Псевдодиффер енциальный операторP с символом p определяется соотно шением $$Pf(x) = \int\limits_{R^n } {e^{ix \cdot \xi } p(x,\xi )\hat f(\xi )d\xi ,x \in R^n .} $$ Будем говорить, что p пр инадлежит классу \(\bar S_{\varrho ,} {}_\delta (M,N), 0 \leqq \delta ,\varrho \leqq 1\) , ес ли $$\left| {D_x^a p(x,\xi )} \right| \leqq C_a (1 + \left| \xi \right|)^{\delta \left| a \right|} , x,\xi \in R^n ,\left| a \right| \leqq M,$$ и $$\int\limits_{D_k } {\left| {D_x^a D_\xi ^\beta p(x,\xi )} \right|d\xi \leqq C_{a\beta } 2^{kn} 2^{k(\delta |a| - \varrho |\beta |)} , x} \in R^n , k = 0,1,2, \ldots ;|a| \leqq M, |\beta | \leqq N.$$ Изучаются условия, ко торым должны удовлет ворять ?. δ,M иN, чтобы для каждого символа \(p \in \bar S_\varrho , {}_\delta (M,N)\) соответствующий оп ераторP был ограниче н на \(L^2 (R^n )\) . Далее, пусть \(p \in S_\varrho , {}_\delta \) , если дл я всех мультииндексо в а и β выполнено условие $$|D_x^a D_\xi ^\beta p(x,\xi )| \leqq C_{a\beta } (1 + |\xi |)^{\delta |\alpha | - \varrho |\beta |} , x,\xi \in R^n .$$ Доказывается, что при 0≦δ<1 операторP отображ ает пространство Харди \(H^p (R^n )\) в локальное пространство Харди ? ^p , если символp принадл ежит классуS ₁, δ.     

Energy transfer to neutral pions in high energy nuclear interactions

The fraction of energy transferred to the neutral pions ( \( K_{\pi ^ \circ } \) ), in an interaction of high energy (> 20 GeV) N-particles (nucleons and pions) with atomic nuclei, is estimated from the data collected, using a total absorption spectrometer (TAS) and a multiplate cloud chamber. The average value of \( K_{\pi ^ \circ } \) ( \( \bar K_{\pi ^ \circ } \) ) is found to be 0·12 ± 0·01 in the energy range 20–100 GeV (ē₀ = 35 GeV) and 0·19 ± 0·02 in the region of > 100 GeV (ē₀ = 206 GeV). The value of \( \bar K_{\pi ^ \circ } \) obtained in different experiments and its dependence on the primary energy are discussed. An increase in \( \bar K_{\pi ^ \circ } \) in pion-nucleus collisions with the energy of the pion or an increase in the ratio of pions to protons, at 800 gm./cm.², in the energy range of a few tens of GeV to a few hundred GeV or both is to be invoked to explain the energy dependence of \( \bar K_{\pi ^ \circ } \) observed in this investigation.     

Global analytic hypoellipticity of the\bar \partial-Neumann problem on circular domains

In this paper we show that if \(D \subseteq \mathbb{C}^n ,n \geqq 2\) , is a smooth bounded pseudoconvex circular domain with real analytic defining functionr(z) such that \(\sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {z_k \frac{{\partial r}}{{\partial z_k }}} \ne 0\) for allz near the boundary, then the solutionu to the \(\bar \partial\) -Neumann problem, $$square u = (\bar \partial \bar \partial * + \bar \partial *\bar \partial )u = f,$$ is real analytic up to the boundary, if the given formf is real analytic up to the boundary. In particular, if \(D \subseteq \mathbb{C}^n ,n \geqq 2\) , is a smooth bounded complete Reinhardt pseudoconvex domain with real analytic boundary. Then ? is analytic hypoelliptic.     

Estimate of a polynomial in generalized exponential functions in the convex hull of two domains

Пусть $$f_n (z) = \exp \{ \lambda _n z\} [1 + \psi _n (z)], n \geqq 1$$ гдеψ _n (z) — регулярны в н екоторой односвязно й областиS, λ _n — нули целой функц ии экспоненциальног о ростаL(λ) с индикатрис ой ростаh(?), причем $$|L\prime (\lambda _n )| > C(\delta )\exp \{ [h(\varphi _n ) - \varepsilon ]|\lambda _n |\} \varphi _n = \arg \lambda _n , \forall \varepsilon > 0$$ . Предположим, что на лю бом компактеK?S $$|\psi _n (z)|< Aq^{|\lambda |_n } , a< q< 1, n \geqq 1$$ гдеA иq зависит только отK. Обозначим через \(\bar D\) со пряженную диаграмму функцииL(λ), через \(\bar D_\alpha \) — смещение. \(\bar D\) на векторα. Рассмотр им множестваD ₁ иD ₂ так ие, чтоD ₁ иD ₂ и их вьшуклая обо лочкаE принадлежатS. Пусть \(\bar D_{\alpha _1 } \subset D_1 , \bar D_{\alpha _2 } \subset D_2 \) Доказывается, что сущ ествует некоторая об ластьG?E такая, что \(\mathop \cup \limits_{\alpha \in [\alpha _1 ,\alpha _2 ]} \bar D_\alpha \subset G\) и дляz∈G верна оценка $$\sum\limits_{v = 1}^n {|a_v f_v (z)|} \leqq B\max (M_1 ,M_2 ), M_j = \mathop {\max }\limits_{t \in \bar D_j } |\sum\limits_{v = 1}^n {a_v f_v (t)} |$$ , где константаB не зав исит от {a _v }.     

Cosymplectic quasi-Sasakian pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and coisotropic foliations

Si considera una varietà neutra \(\tilde M\) di dimensione 2m munita di una struttura conforme simplettica \(CS_p \left( {2m; R} \right) = \left( {\tilde \Omega , \tilde \upsilon } \right)\) . Vengono studiati i differenti problemi concernenti gli automorfismi infinitesimali della 2-forma quasi simplettica \(\tilde \Omega \) . Inoltre vengono formulate alcune proprietà di un fogliettamento con isotropoF _c su \(\tilde M\) .     

Analytische Fortsetzbarkeit von zufälligen Potenzreihen bezüglich abhängiger Zufallsvariabler

Рассматриваются слу чайная величина \(\mathfrak{X} = (X_n (\omega ))\) , удовлетворяющая усл овиюE(X _n ⁴ )≦M, и соответствующ ий случайный степенн ой ряд \(f_x (z;\omega ) = \mathop \sum \limits_{n = 0}^\infty a_n X_n (\omega )z^n\) . Устанавливаются тео ремы непродолжимост и почти наверное:

1. дляf _x при условиях с лабой мультипликати вности на \(\mathfrak{X}\) ,
2. для \(f_{\tilde x}\) , где \(\mathop \mathfrak{X}\limits^ \sim = (\mathop X\limits^ \sim _n )\) есть подп оследовательность в \(\mathfrak{X}\) ,
3. для по крайней мере од ного из рядовf _x′ илиf _x″ , где \(\mathfrak{X}'\) и \(\mathfrak{X}''\) — некоторые п ерестановки \(\mathfrak{X}\) , выбираемые универс ально, т. е. независимо от коэффициентовa _n .

     

On the limit superior of sequences of sets

qVЕРхНИИ пРЕДЕл пОслЕД ОВАтЕльНОстИ МНОжЕс тВA _n ОпРЕДЕльЕтсь сООтНО шЕНИЕМ \(\mathop {\lim sup}\limits_{n \to \infty } A_n = \mathop \cap \limits_{k = 1}^\infty \mathop \cup \limits_{n = k}^\infty A_n . B\) стАтьЕ РАссМАтРИВА Етсь слЕДУУЩИИ ВОпРО с: ЧтО МОжНО скАжАть О ВЕРхНИх пРЕДЕлАх \(\mathop {\lim sup}\limits_{k \to \infty } A_{n_k }\) , еслИ ИжВЕстНО, ЧтО пРЕсЕЧЕНИь \(\mathop \cap \limits_{k = 1}^\infty A_{n_k }\) «МАлы» Дль кАж-ДОИ пОДпОслЕДОВАтЕльНОстИ \((A_{n_k } )\) ? ДОкАжыВАЕтсь, Ч тО

1. ЕслИ \(\mathop \cap \limits_{k = 1}^\infty A_{n_k }\) — кОНЕЧНОЕ МНО жЕстВО Дль кАжДОИ пОДпОслЕДОВАтЕльНОстИ \((A_{n_k } )\) , тО НАИДЕтсь тАкАь пОДпО слЕДОВАтЕльНОсть, Дл ь кОтОРОИ МНОжЕстВО \(\mathop {\lim sup}\limits_{k \to \infty } A_{n_k }\) сЧЕтНО;
2. ЕслИ \(2^{\aleph _0 } = \aleph _1\) , тО сУЩЕстВУЕ т тАкАь пОслЕДОВАтЕл ьНОсть (A_n), ЧтО \(\mathop \cap \limits_{k = 1}^\infty A_{n_k }\) — сЧЕтНОЕ МНОжЕстВО Дль лУБОИ п ОДпОслЕДОВАтЕльНОстИ \((A_{n_k } )\) , НО \(\mathop {\lim sup}\limits_{k \to \infty } A_{n_k }\) ИМЕЕт МОЩ-НОсть кОНтИНУУМА;
3. ЕслИA _n — БОРЕлЕ ВскИЕ МНОжЕстВА В НЕкОтОРО М пОлНОМ сЕпАРАБЕльНО М МЕтРИЧЕскОМ пРОстРАНстВЕ, И \(\mathop \cap \limits_{k = 1}^\infty A_{n_k }\) — сЧЕт НОЕ МНОжЕстВО Дль кАж ДОИ пОДпОслЕДОВАтЕльНОстИ \((A_{n_k } )\) , тО сУЩЕстВУЕт тАкАь п ОДпОслЕДОВАтЕльНОсть, ЧтО \(\mathop {\lim sup}\limits_{k \to \infty } A_{n_k }\) — сЧЕтНОЕ МНОжЕстВО. кРОМЕ тОгО, ДОкАжАНО, Ч тО В слУЧАьх А) И В) В пОслЕДОВАтЕльНОстИ (A _n ) сУЩЕстВУЕт схОДьЩА ьсь пОДпОслЕДОВАтЕльНО сть.

кРОМЕ тОгО, ДОкАжАНО, Ч тО В слУЧАьх А) И В) В пОслЕДОВАтЕльНОстИ (А _n ) сУЩЕстВУЕт схОДьЩ Аьсь пОДпОслЕДОВАтЕльНО сть.     

The CF table

Letf be a continuous function on the circle ¦z¦=1. We present a theory of the (untruncated) “Carathéodory-Fejér (CF) table” of best supremumnorm approximants tof in the classes \(\tilde R_{mn} \) of functions $${{\tilde r(z) = \sum\limits_{k = - \infty }^m {a_k z^k } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\tilde r(z) = \sum\limits_{k = - \infty }^m {a_k z^k } } {\sum\limits_{k = 0}^n {b_k } z^k ,}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sum\limits_{k = 0}^n {b_k } z^k ,}}$$ , where the series converges in 1< ¦z¦ <∞. (The casem=n is also associated with the names Adamjan, Arov, and Krein.) Our central result is an equioscillation-type characterization: \(\tilde r \in \tilde R_{mn} \) is the unique CF approximant \(\tilde r^* \) tof if and only if \(f - \tilde r\) has constant modulus and winding numberω≥ m+ n+1?δ on ¦z¦=1, whereδ is the “defect” of \(\tilde r\) . If the Fourier series off converges absolutely, then \(\tilde r^* \) is continuous on ¦z¦=1, andω can be defined in the usual way. For general continuousf, \(\tilde r^* \) may be discontinuous, andω is defined by a radial limit. The characterization theorem implies that the CF table breaks into square blocks of repeated entries, just as in Chebyshev, Padé, and formal Chebyshev-Padé approximation. We state a generalization of these results for weighted CF approximation on a Jordan region, and also show that the CF operator \(K:f \mapsto \tilde r^* \) is continuous atf if and only if (m, n) lies in the upper-right or lower-left corner of its square block.     

Strong approximation of empirical process with independent but non-identically distributed random variables

Let{Y_t,t=1,2,…} be independent random variables with continuous distribution functionsF_i(y).For any y,dencte s=F_t(y)=1/t sum from i=1 to t F_i(y).The empirical process is defind by t~(-1/2)R(s,t) whereR(s,t)=t(1/t sum from i=1 to t I_((?)_t(Y_i)≤s)-s)=sum from i=1 to t I_(?)-ts=sum from i=1 to t I_(?)-(?)_t(y)=sum from i=1 to t I_(Y_(?)≤y)-sum from i=1 to t F_i(y).The purpose of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic properties of the empirical processR(s,t).We shall prove that for some integer sequence {t_k},there is a (?)-process (?)(s,t) such that(?)|R(s,t_k)-(?)(s,t_k)|=O(t_k~(1/2)(log t_k)~(-1/4)(log log t_k)~(1/2))a.s.where (?)(s,t) is a two-parameter Gaussian process defined in §1.     

ОБ ИНтЕРпОлИРОВАНИИ В кОМплЕксНОИ ОБлАст И

LetD be a simply connected domain, the boundary of which is a closed Jordan curveγ; \(\mathfrak{M} = \left\{ {z_{k, n} } \right\}\) , 0≦k≦n; n=1, 2, 3, ..., a matrix of interpolation knots, \(\mathfrak{M} \subset \Gamma ; A_c \left( {\bar D} \right)\) the space of the functions that are analytic inD and continuous on \(\bar D; \left\{ {L_n \left( {\mathfrak{M}; f, z} \right)} \right\}\) the sequence of the Lagrange interpolation polynomials. We say that a matrix \(\mathfrak{M}\) satisfies condition (B _m ), \(\mathfrak{M}\) ∈(B _m ), if for some positive integerm there exist a setB _m containingm points and a sequencen _{p p=1} ^∞ of integers such that the series \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{p = 1}^\infty \frac{1}{{n_p }}\) diverges and for all pairsn _i ,n _j ∈{n _p } _p=1 ^∞ the set \(\left( {\bigcap\limits_{k = 0}^{n_i } {z_{k, n_i } } } \right)\bigcap {\left( {\bigcup\limits_{k = 0}^{n_j } {z_{k, n_j } } } \right)} \) is contained inB _m . The main result reads as follows. {Let D=z: ¦z¦ \(\Gamma = \partial \bar D\) and let the matrix \(\mathfrak{M} \subset \Gamma \) satisfy condition (B_m). Then there exists a function \(f \in A_c \left( {\bar D} \right)\) such that the relation $$\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left| {L_n \left( {\mathfrak{M}, f, z} \right)} \right| = \infty $$ holds almost everywhere on γ.     

Universelle Approximation durch Riesz-Transformierte der geometrischen Reihe

Let p={p_v} be a fixed sequence of complex numbers. Define \(p_n : = \mathop \Sigma \limits_{\nu = o}^n p_\nu \) and suppose that \(p_{m_k } \ne o\) for a subsequence M={m_k} of nonnegative integers. The matrix A=(α_kv) with the elements $$\alpha _{k\nu } = p_\nu /p_{m_k } if o \leqslant \nu \leqslant m_k ,\alpha _{k\nu } = oif \nu > m_k $$ generates a summability method (R,p,M) which is a refinement of the well known Riesz methods. The (R,p,M) methods have been introduced in [4]. In the present paper we are concerned with the summability of the geometric series \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{\nu = o}^n z^\nu \) by (R,p,M) methods. We prove the following theorem. Suppose G is a simply connected domain with \(\{ z:|z|< 1\} \subset G,1 \varepsilon | G \) . Then there exists a universal, regular (R,p,M) method having the following properties: (1) \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{\nu = o}^\infty z^\nu \) is compactly summable (R,p,M) to \(\tfrac{1}{{1 - z}}\) on G. (2) For every compact set B?¯G^c which has a connected complement and for every function f which is continuous on B and analytic in its interior there exists a subsequence M(B,f) of M such that \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{\nu = o}^\infty z^\nu \) is uniformly summable (R,p,M(B,f)) to f(z) on B. (3) For every open set U?G^c which has simply connected components in ? and for every function f which is analytic on U there exists a subsequence M(U,f) of M such that \(\mathop \Sigma \limits_{\nu = o}^\infty z^\nu \) is compactly summable (R,p,M(U,f)) to f(z) on U.     

\mathfrak{E} of topological spaces II

In this paper, we obtain analogues, in the situation of \(\mathfrak{E}\) -extensions, of Magill's theorem on lattices of compactifications. We define an epireflective subcategory of the categoryT 2 of all Hausdorff spaces to be admissive (respectively finitely admissive) if for any \(\mathfrak{E}\) -regular spaceX, every Hausdorff quotient of \(\beta _\mathfrak{E} X\) which is Urysohn on \(\beta _\mathfrak{E} X - X\) (respectively which is finitary on \(\beta _\mathfrak{E} X - X\) ) and which is identity onX, has \(\mathfrak{E}\) . We notice that there are many proper epireflective subcategories ofT 2 containing all compact spaces and which are admissive; there are many such which are not admissive but finitely admissive. We prove that when \(\mathfrak{E}\) is a finitely admissive epireflective subcategory ofT 2, then the lattices of finitary \(\mathfrak{E}\) -extensions of two spacesX andY are isomorphic if and only if \(\beta _\mathfrak{E} X - X\) and \(\beta _\mathfrak{E} Y - Y\) are homeomorphic. Further if \(\mathfrak{E}\) is admissive, then the lattices of Urysohn \(\mathfrak{E}\) -extensions ofX andY are isomorphic if and only if \(\beta _\mathfrak{E} X - X\) and \(\beta _\mathfrak{E} Y - Y\) are homeomorphic.     

Extremal problems for certain analytic (Nevanlinna) functions

We obtain sharp bounds on some basic functionals defined on the sets of all analytic functions having the representations \(f\left( z \right) \equiv \int\limits_{ - 1}^1 {\frac{{d\mu \left( t \right)}}{{z - t}}} \) and \(\varphi \left( z \right) \equiv \int\limits_{ - 1}^1 {\frac{{z\mu \left( t \right)}}{{1 - tz}}} \) ; respectively. Here μ is a probability measure.     

Absolute tauberian conditions for absolute hausdorff and quasi-hausdorff methods

The purpose of this paper is to prove that for a large set of absolute Hausdorff and quasi-Hausdorff methods the condition $$\sum\limits_{k = 1}^\infty {\left| {\lambda _n a_n - \lambda _{n - 1} a_{n - 1} } \right|< } \infty $$ is a Tauberian condition, i.e., its fulfillment together with the absolute summability of \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {a_n } \) tos implies that \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {\left| {a_n } \right|}< \infty \) and \(\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {a_n } = s.\) a _n =s.     

Banach spaces of locally Schlicht functions with the Hornich operations

Let \(S_ \propto ( \propto \geqq 0)\) be the set of normalized (see (1.2)) functions f holomorphic in D:|z|<1 with \(f''(z)/f'(z) = 0((1 - \left| z \right|^2 )^{ - \propto } )\) , and let be the set of normalized (see (1.6)) functions f meromorphic in D with the Schwarzian derivative \(\left\{ {f,z} \right\} = 0((1 - \left| z \right|^2 )^{ - \propto } )\) . We shall show that some topological properties of \(S_ \propto\) and , and of subsets of them, follow from those of the weighted H^∞ space \(H_ \propto ^\infty\) , consisting of functions f holomorphic in D with \(f(z) = 0((1 - \left| z \right|^2 )^{ - \propto } )\) , and those of subsets of \(H_ \propto ^\infty\) . The set S₁ is denoted by X in [3] and [4].