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1.
梁乃刚  程品三 《中国科学A辑》1992,35(12):1277-1286
本文考虑了固体材料内以拉压和滑移方式消耗变形功的两种主要物理机制,提出了用纤维构元与滑移构元共同组集的弹塑性材料模型.两种构元都是单自由度变形体,其力学性质及塑性变形中的耦合硬化系数可由传统的材料力学实验确定.各种取向的构元在三维空间中均匀分布,并与宏观应变协调变形.从模型结构的力学响应导出了全量型和增量型本构方程,不必预先设定加载函数(塑性势函数).构元经历的变形历史与其取向有关,作为组合效应的应力应变关系能反映加载路径的影响.因此,本文得到的本构方程既保持了简洁的数学形式,又能模拟复杂加载条件下材料的宏观弹塑性力学行为. 本文预测了几种多晶金属材料在典型复杂加载路径下的应力应变响应与后继屈服面,与实验结果吻合良好.  相似文献   

2.
根据不可逆变形过程中材料微结构的储能特性,采用由弹簧和塑性阻尼器构成的简单机械模型建立了不采用屈服判据的单晶本构关系·在此基础上形成了与KBW自洽理论相应的多晶计算格式·计算格式中无需对滑移系的开动和滑移方向进行搜索,使计算过程大为简化·在多晶体分析中,提出了一种基于正20面体各面内取向随机分布单晶响应的高斯平均和在空间完全均匀分布的20个方向上算术平均的混合平均方案,与通常的纯高斯积分平均方案相比,在计算精度和效率上都有较大提高·用所发展的模型和算法分析了316不锈钢在具有代表性的路径下的循环塑性,得到了与实验相一致的结果·  相似文献   

3.
深埋隧洞围岩变形是一个与时间相关的复杂力学过程.为了描述这一过程,首先基于分数阶理论,提出一个新的非线性蠕变损伤本构模型.然后基于该模型,并引入Hoke-Brown屈服准则,推导出深埋条件下圆形隧洞围岩位移的黏弹塑性解析解.最后,以锦屏二级水电站辅助洞为工程实例,对解析解的有效性进行验证,并分析了流变参数对流变位移的影响.研究结果表明:1)分数阶蠕变损伤本构可以较好的描述岩石蠕变全过程,即衰减蠕变、常速蠕变及加速蠕变过程.2)随着模型中分数阶阶次及损伤因子量值的增加,围岩的蠕变变形更为明显.3)解析曲线与现场实测位移平均值曲线在量值与形态上均吻合较好,验证了解析解的有效性.  相似文献   

4.
岩石的蠕变特性往往对隧道和地下工程的稳定性有着重要的控制作用.针对岩石蠕变的阶段性特征,可将岩石蠕变全过程分为四个阶段.广义Kelvin模型可较好地反映前三个阶段的岩石蠕变特性,不能理想地反映加速蠕变阶段特征.通过引入损伤体元件和Kachanov的损伤因子演化公式,构建了具有损伤体元件的广义Kelvin模型,从而建立了可以体现岩石蠕变全过程的蠕变模型,并提出较为简单的组合模型参数计算方法.该模型不仅能较好地反映岩石蠕变全过程,且模型参数易于确定.利用该模型对砂质泥岩单轴压缩蠕变实验曲线进行拟合分析,拟合效果良好,研究结果可为类似工程提供参考.  相似文献   

5.
率相关晶体塑性模型的塑性各向异性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在Sarma和Zacharia的工作基础上,改进了单晶晶体弹粘塑性本构模型的积分算法,并采用改进的欧拉法结合迭代方法求解,特点是稳定性好计算效率较高· 然后用上述模型及算法研究了:1)在单向拉伸和平面应变压缩变形下单晶塑性各向异性的特点;2)晶体模型中的主要材料参数(应变率敏感指数m和潜硬化比率q)和加载应变率对单晶塑性各向异性的影响;3)沿不同的晶体方向加载对滑移系启动的影响·  相似文献   

6.
土体的蠕变特性是影响工后沉降和工程安全的重要因素.基于半空间弹性土基受圆形均布荷载作用弹性理论解,根据弹性与黏弹性理论的对应原理,建立了分数导数型黏弹性土基在竖向圆形均布荷载作用下的地表位移与分数阶导数等参数的关系,并分析了不同分数阶下地表变形的时效特性.结果表明,与经典黏弹性本构模型相比,分数导数黏弹性模型能够在较宽的范围内描述黏弹性土基变形的特性,采用分数导数Kelvin黏弹性本构模型计算的地表沉降较经典的Kelvin黏弹性模型小,土基的蠕变特性与分数导数的阶数有关,具有更为广泛的适用性和应用前景.  相似文献   

7.
一种镍基单晶超合金高温低周疲劳的晶体取向相关性模型   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在 950℃t对[0 01]、[012]、[112]、[011]和[1144]晶体取向的镍基单晶超合金 DD3试样进行了对称循环低周疲劳(ICF)试验.应变率取1.0×10~(-2),1.33×10~(-3),0.33×10~(-3)s~(-1).试验结果表明,LCF特性显著地取决于晶体取向和应变率.试样断口细观分析表明,除了[0 0 1]取向试样外,其余所有试样断口上均有明显的等间距疲劳纹.这些疲劳纹由微裂纹组成,其间距取决于试样的晶体取向和总应变范围.基于晶体滑移理论,建立了疲劳纹间距和总分切应变范围及取向和应变率函数的一个简单关系.对Lall-Chin-Pope(LCP)模型进行修正并推广应用于循环塑性和疲劳寿命研究,提出了一个晶体取向和应变率参数,该参数可以很好地描述镍基单晶超合金高温低周疲劳循环塑性和疲劳寿命的晶体取向和应变率相关性.  相似文献   

8.
各向异性双晶和三晶体晶界附近应力场分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用率相关晶体滑移有限元程序对不同取向晶粒构成的双晶体和三晶体在晶界和三晶交点附近的应力集中特性进行了计算分析。双晶体的数值结果表明,不同取向晶粒的晶界附近应力场具有较大的应力梯度,存在应力集中现象;三晶体由于晶界之间的相互作用使得三晶交点可能造成应力集中地,也可能不造成应力集中,晶界附近的应力结构与双晶体晶界附近的应力结构亦不相同,这主要取决于三个晶粒的晶体取向.对双晶体和三晶体的分析说明,不同取向的晶粒具有不同的变形规律.因此研究金属材料的损伤、断裂问题至少需要采用晶体滑移理论从细观的角度分析不同晶粒之间的相互作用。  相似文献   

9.
多晶体光滑表面疲劳微裂纹形核机理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立晶体学模型来研究多晶体承受均匀外载时光滑表面疲劳微裂纹形核的机理· 由于晶粒取向的不相同,即使承受均匀外载,多晶体内将产生不均匀的应力,变形也不均匀· 在疲劳载荷的作用下,表面粗糙度随疲劳周次逐渐增加,变形逐渐集中到若干部位,即局部化,形成微裂纹·  相似文献   

10.
Ilner模型是最一般的Boltzmann方程的两速模型,它包括Carleman模型和McKean模型作为两种特殊情形·离散Ilner模型1+1维精确解能够以一种简洁的方式进行研究·前人的结论需要修正·我们得到了一类新的1+1维精确解·这给出了研究类似的离散Boltzmann方程精确行波解的一般方法·  相似文献   

11.
A rheological HWKK/H model for resins is developed taking into consideration the up-to-date analyses of experimental results. Constitutive compliance equations of linear are formulated for this model in the shear/bulk form, which describes, among other things, the first-rank reversible isothermal creep. The shear (distorsional) deformations are simulated with three independent stress history functions of fractional and normal exponential types. The volume deformations are simulated as perfectly elastic. The model is described by two elastic and six viscoelastic constants, namely three long-term creep coefficients and three retardation times.The constitutive compliance equations of viscoealsticity for resins are also formulated in the coupled form. Formulae for converting the constants of shear/bulk (uncoupled) viscoelasticity into the constants of coupled viscoelasticity are given too.An algorithm for identifying the material constants, based on the creep of uniaxially tensioned bar samples, is formulated in a way that gives unique results. The material constants are fiund for Epidian 53 epoxy and Polimal 109 polyester resins. The creep processes, simulated based on the experimental data, are presented graphically for both the resins examined.  相似文献   

12.
A creep model of a composite with a creeping matrix and initially continuous elastic brittle fibers is developed. The model accounts for the fiber fragmentation in the stage of unsteady creep of the composite, which ends with a steady-state creep, where a minimum possible average length of the fiber is achieved. The model makes it possible to analyze the creep rate of the composite in relation to such parameters of its structure as the statistic characteristics of the fiber strength, the creep characteristics of the matrix, and the strength of the fiber-matrix interface, the latter being of fundamental importance. A comparison between the calculation results and the experimental ones obtained on composites with a Ni-matrix and monocrystalline and eutectic oxide fibers as well as on sapphire fiber/TiAl-matrix composites shows that the model is applicable to the computer simulation of the creep behavior of heat-resistant composites and to the optimization of the structure of such composites. By combining the experimental data with calculation results, it is possible to evaluate the heat resistance of composites and the potential of oxide-fiber/Ni-matrix composites. The composite specimens obtained and tested to date reveal their high creep resistance up to a temperature of 1150°C. The maximum operating temperature of the composites can be considerably raised by strengthening the fiber-matrix interface.  相似文献   

13.
In this paper, a novel non-linear thermo-viscoelastic rheological model based on fractional derivatives for high temperature creep in concrete is proposed. The rheological model consists of a linear springpot unit placed in series with a second springpot used for non-linear creep which activates under high stress and temperature. The model parameters which include the dynamic viscosities of the springpots and the fractional exponent are calibrated using existing experimental data of basic creep strain in concrete under constant stress and temperatures for various aggregate types. The power law form of the naturally resulting creep compliance allows an accurate representation of experimental data with the use of only a few model parameters. Furthermore, the variable-order fractional differential stress-strain equation provides a compact method for analytical and numerical modelling of basic creep under conditions of time-varying stress and temperature. In addition, applications of the proposed model to determine axial deformations in columns and transverse deflections in beams under constant and varying temperatures are demonstrated.  相似文献   

14.
在有限元分析的基础上建立了一个单向应力状态下金属基短纤维复合材料(MMC)的统计蠕变模型。首先建立细胞模型并进行有限元分析,得到了单向应力状态下材料细观尺寸及载荷方向对宏观蠕变响应的影响规律。通过在细胞模型中增加一界面层(考虑材料特性和厚度)来研究基体和纤维的界面对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响。基于细胞模型的数值结果,提出了一适用于纤维平面随机分布的随机统计模型,该模型考虑了纤维的断裂。通过试验获得纤维的统计分布规律。分析结果表明随机统计模型可以满意地描述试验结果,进一步讨论了材料细观尺寸,纤维的断裂特性以及界面层的材料特性和厚度对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响。  相似文献   

15.
The transient creep of a UD composite with a quadratic arrangement of elastic fibers of quadratic cross section is investigated. The deformational properties of the composite are determined from the known properties of its constituents. A structural model of the UD composite is developed, whose minimal elementary cell contains four elements. The stress-strain state of the elements is assumed homogeneous. Two types of basic and resolving governing equations of transient creep are deduced, which are based on static or kinematic assumptions. In each of the cases, a formula for the longitudinal elastic shear modulus of the composite is found. The stationary solutions of creep equations allow one to obtain formulas of the steady-state creep of the composite in a form similar to Norton’s law. Numerical calculations are also performed, and a comparison of the results with data given in the literature bears witness to the efficiency of the models developed and the solutions obtained. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 437–448, July–August, 2007.  相似文献   

16.
利用动态力学分析仪,详细研究了小应力作用下聚氯乙烯(PVC)接近玻璃化转变温度(63℃)时的短期蠕变性能.根据Struik-Kohlrausch(SK)方程及Struik移位方法,分析了物理老化对PVC瞬时蠕变柔量的影响,并提出了基于多松弛机制的新模型定量描述初始蠕变柔量、松弛时间和形状因子.结果表明:SK方程虽可表征不同老化时间下PVC的蠕变性能,但通过Struik移位方法却无法获得理想的主曲线,且初始蠕变柔量、松弛时间、形状因子和蠕变率均受物理老化显著影响,并在双对数坐标下随老化时间呈明显的非线性变化;新模型不仅揭示了物理老化控制参量的演化规律,而且极好地预测了PVC在物理老化进程中的高温蠕变行为.  相似文献   

17.
碾压混凝土坝施工层面变形分析模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对碾压混凝土坝施工层面对大坝变形产生显著影响的问题,深入研究了施工层面的变化性质及规律,提出了层面不同阶段变形的模拟方法,建立了施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型,提出的模型能反映层面的弹性变形、衰减蠕变、不可逆变形以及加速蠕变等变形状态.实例分析表明:所提出的碾压混凝土坝施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型能较客观地模拟大坝的结构变化形态,尤其是施工层面有厚度分析模型较完整地模拟了层面的渐变规律,其计算结果与原位监测成果吻合较好.同时,提出的方法和建立的分析模型可推广应用于常规混凝土坝,特别是坝基内断层和夹层等变形规律的分析.  相似文献   

18.
The creep and creep rupture properties of 18Cr–12Ni–Mo steel tubes have been analysed using the Wilshire equations. The observed behaviour patterns are then briefly discussed in terms of the dislocation processes governing creep strain accumulation. A suitable statistical framework for analysing both the single and multi batch data available on this material is then specified. It is shown that ignoring the hierarchical nature present in many creep data bases, which has been the approach used until now when using the Wilshire equations, leads to a serious and significant underestimate of the predicted safe life for this material. The model allows accurate predictions, with associated levels of confidence, of long-term properties by extrapolation of short-term test results for this steel.  相似文献   

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