带时效性约束的配送中心多源选址问题研究

应用启发式算法求解带时效性约束的多源选址问题.分析物流配送的时效性问题,建立带时效性约束的配送中心多源选址模型.构造两步启发式算法:1)借助传统迭代算法,求解物流服务分配矩阵,把多源选址问题转化为单源选址问题;2)基于M ATLAB函数,设计优化程序,计算带时效性约束的单源选址模型.并给出算例,验证模型和算法的可行性.研究表明两步启发式算法是求解带时效性约束的物流配送中心多源连续选址问题的有效算法.     

一类多商品设施选址问题的基于线性松弛解的启发式方法

多商品设施选址问题是众多设施选址问题中一类重要而困难的问题.在这一问题中,顾客的需求可能包含不止一种商品.对于大规模问题,成熟的商业求解器往往不能在满意的时间内找到高质量的可行解.研究了无容量限制的单货源多商品设施选址问题的一般形式,并给出了应用于此类问题的两个启发式方法.这两个方法基于原选址问题的线性规划松弛问题的最优解,分别通过求解紧问题和邻域搜索的方式给出了原问题的一个可行上界.理论分析指出所提方法可以实施于任意可行问题的实例.数值结果表明所提方法可以显著地提高求解器求解此类设施选址问题的求解效率.     

协同视角下多级救灾物资储备体系中的储备库选址模型

针对多级救灾物资储备体系中的储备库选址问题,综合考虑多阶段、多主体和跨区域三个方面的协同目标,提出了描述单个选址的点协同度概念,和描述整体选址策略的选址方案协同度概念,构建了表征协同时效权重和最大协同时间的Sigmoid关系函数,给出了整体选址策略的协同度表达公式,提出了基于迭代优化的多级救灾物资储备体系中的储备库选址模型.研究结果为我国建立完善跨区域的"中央-省-市-县-乡"五级救灾储备网络体系,提供量化方法参考.     

基于组合赋权TOPSIS模型的物流配送中心选址研究

物流的发展离不开配送中心的建设,配送中心建设的首要问题是选址,通过分析影响物流配送中心选址的各种因素,建立了包括自然条件、经营环境、基础设施、成本因素等因素的配送中心选址指标体系.采用层次分析法(AHP)和熵值法组合确定各指标的权重,依据逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法的基本思路,建立物流配送中心选址模型.通过对物流配送中心进行选址的实例研究,证明方法的有效性并选出最优方案.     

九州通线下药店选址优化问题研究

针对九州通的020业务销售模式,研究了基于多枢纽站多分派网络的实体药店选址优化问题.以现有药店为备选点,每天的药店运行成本和物流成本之和极小化为目标,建立了实体药店选址优化问题的混合整数规划模型,利用Lingo软件编程求解得到优化以后的实体药店选址方案.通过与现有的实体药店选址方案对比发现,在不改变实体药店覆盖半径的前提下,优化后实体药店的数量从9家减少为4家,每天的药店运行成本和药品配送成本之和大约降低14万元,占药品物流总成本的32%.研究结果为九州通医药公司优化线下药店的配送网络提供了理论依据.     

基于离散与连续选址相结合的平面选址问题研究——以华北石油局大牛地气田污水处理厂选址为例

选址问题的研究中,大多考虑的是理论距离(例如欧式距离等);但在实际问题中,真实的公路运输距离和理论距离有较大差异,并且修建公路的成本较高.在尽量利用当前的公路交通网络同时,又能得到最优选址,在现实中具有重要意义.以华北石油局大牛地气田第一采气厂污水处理厂选址为例,分别采用重心法选址、最大值最小化选址、多目标选址等选址的方法得到污水处理厂的备选点,并结合实际距离模拟出了各个备选点的运输费用,再综合考虑当地政策和交通状况等因素,最终得到了使得运输费用最低的新的污水处理厂的位置坐标P(9.33,11.79),在该位置建立污水处理厂比之前的运输方案每年大约可节约511万元的运输费用.方法最大的优点是减小了在选址过程中理论距离与实际距离的误差,在现实中具有一定的指导意义.     

设施选址问题的近似算法综述

设施选址问题是运筹学和理论计算机科学中的经典问题之一.本文介绍设施选址问题及其变形的近似算法设计与分析思想,并总结设施选址问题的研究中若干未解决的重要问题.     

平方度量动态设施选址问题的近似算法

研究了单阶段度量设施选址问题的推广问题平方度量动态设施选址问题. 研究中首先利用原始对偶技巧得到 9-近似算法, 然后利用贪婪增广技巧将近似比改进到2.606, 最后讨论了该问题的相应变形问题.     

带补偿机制的垃圾焚烧厂选址问题研究

研究了带补偿机制的垃圾焚烧厂选址问题,在综合考虑选址成本、补偿标准等因素的前提下,建立了以垃圾焚烧厂对附近居民造成的负面影响极小化和垃圾焚烧厂的总运行费用极小化为目标的垃圾焚烧厂选址问题的双目标规划模型,通过一个具体算例验证了模型的有效性,得到了符合实际的结果.模型可推广应用于其它邻避型设施选址问题.     

基于改进的GRA-PDEA模型的应急系统优化选址

从应急系统优化选址的实践需求出发,构建了多输入/多输出、多种数据类型的决策指标体系,给出了针对成本/效益指标的区间型、模糊型属性值的规范化处理模型,得到各备选方案的指标属性值规范化矩阵.采用了带决策者偏好的数据包络分析模型进行优化选址决策,体现了在应急系统优化选址问题中应注重的相对有效性决策策略,同时引入基于灰色关联分析的定权模型,使决策过程既发挥决策者的主观能动性,又规避其主观臆断.通过给出备选方案的实证分析,较好地实现了应急系统优化选址的目的,选址结果与实际情况也是相吻合的.     

Multiple voting location problems

The facility voting location problems arise from the application of criteria derived from the voting processes concerning the location of facilities. The multiple location problems are those location problems in which the alternative solutions are sets of points. This paper extends previous results and notions on single voting location problems to the location of a set of facility points. The application of linear programming techniques to solve multiple facility voting location problems is analyzed. We propose an algorithm to solve Simpson multiple location problems from which the solution procedures for other problems are derived.     

An Algorithm for Continuous Type Optimal Location Problem

In this paper, we extend the ordinary discrete type facility location problems to continuous type ones. Unlike the discrete type facility location problem in which the objective function isn't everywhere differentiable, the objective function in the continuous type facility location problem is strictly convex and continuously differentiable. An algorithm without line search for solving the continuous type facility location problems is proposed and its global convergence, linear convergence rate is proved. Numerical experiments illustrate that the algorithm suggested in this paper have smaller amount of computation, quicker convergence rate than the gradient method and conjugate direction method in some sense.     

A 1-center problem on the plane with uniformly distributed demand points

Center problems or minimax facility location problems are among the most active research areas in location theory. In this paper, we find the best unique location for a facility in the plane such that the maximum expected weighted distance to all random demand points is minimized.     

Fixed Point Optimality Criteria for the Location Problem with Arbitrary Norms

The single-facility location problem in continuous space is considered, with distances given by arbitrary norms. When distances are Euclidean, for many practical problems the optimal location of the new facility coincides with one of the existing facilities. This property carries over to problems with generalized distances. In this paper a necessary and sufficient condition for the location of an existing facility to be the optimal location of the new facility is developed. Some computational examples using the condition are given.     

Improving solution of discrete competitive facility location problems

We consider discrete competitive facility location problems in this paper. Such problems could be viewed as a search of nodes in a network, composed of candidate and customer demand nodes, which connections correspond to attractiveness between customers and facilities located at the candidate nodes. The number of customers is usually very large. For some models of customer behavior exact solution approaches could be used. However, for other models and/or when the size of problem is too high to solve exactly, heuristic algorithms may be used. The solution of discrete competitive facility location problems using genetic algorithms is considered in this paper. The new strategies for dynamic adjustment of some parameters of genetic algorithm, such as probabilities for the crossover and mutation operations are proposed and applied to improve the canonical genetic algorithm. The algorithm is also specially adopted to solve discrete competitive facility location problems by proposing a strategy for selection of the most promising values of the variables in the mutation procedure. The developed genetic algorithm is demonstrated by solving instances of competitive facility location problems for an entering firm.     

A Lagrangian Relaxation Heuristic for Capacitated Facility Location with Single-Source Constraints

Facility location models are applicable to problems in many diverse areas, such as distribution systems and communication networks. In capacitated facility location problems, a number of facilities with given capacities must be chosen from among a set of possible facility locations and then customers assigned to them. We describe a Lagrangian relaxation heuristic algorithm for capacitated problems in which each customer is served by a single facility. By relaxing the capacity constraints, the uncapacitated facility location problem is obtained as a subproblem and solved by the well-known dual ascent algorithm. The Lagrangian relaxations are complemented by an add heuristic, which is used to obtain an initial feasible solution. Further, a final adjustment heuristic is used to attempt to improve the best solution generated by the relaxations. Computational results are reported on examples generated from the Kuehn and Hamburger test problems.     

A repeated matching heuristic for the single-source capacitated facility location problem

Facility location models form an important class of integer programming problems, with application in many areas such as the distribution and transportation industries. An important class of solution methods for these problems are so-called Lagrangean heuristics which have been shown to produce high quality solutions and which are at the same time robust. The general facility location problem can be divided into a number of special problems depending on the properties assumed. In the capacitated location problem each facility has a specific capacity on the service it provides. We describe a new solution approach for the capacitated facility location problem when each customer is served by a single facility. The approach is based on a repeated matching algorithm which essentially solves a series of matching problems until certain convergence criteria are satisfied. The method generates feasible solutions in each iteration in contrast to Lagrangean heuristics where problem dependent heuristics must be used to construct a feasible solution. Numerical results show that the approach produces solutions which are of similar and often better than those produced using the best Lagrangean heuristics.     

鲁棒动态设施选址问题的近似算法

设施选址问题是组合优化中重要问题之一。动态设施选址问题是传统设施选址问题的推广,其中度量空间中设施的开设费用和顾客的需求均随着时间的变化而变化。更多地,经典设施选址问题假设所有的顾客都需要被服务。在这个模型假设下,所有的顾客都需要服务。但事实上,有时为服务距离较远的顾客,需要单独开设设施,导致了资源的浪费。因此,在模型设置中,可以允许一些固定数目的顾客不被服务 (带异常点的设施选址问题),此外也可以通过支付一些顾客的惩罚费用以达到不服务的目的 (带惩罚的设施选址问题)。本文将综合以上两种鲁棒设置考虑同时带有异常点和惩罚的动态设施选址问题,通过原始-对偶框架得到近似比为3的近似算法。     

Constant approximation for fault-tolerant median problems via iterative rounding

In this paper, we study the fault-tolerant matroid median and fault-tolerant knapsack median problems. These two problems generalize many fundamental clustering and facility location problems, such as uniform fault-tolerant k-median, uniform fault-tolerant facility location, matroid median, knapsack median, etc. We present a versatile iterative rounding framework and obtain a unifying constant-factor approximation algorithm.     

Dynamic dairy facility location and supply chain planning under traffic congestion and demand uncertainty: A case study of Tehran

In this paper, dynamic dairy facility location and supply chain planning are studied through minimizing the costs of facility location, traffic congestion and transportation of raw/processed milk and dairy products under demand uncertainty. The proposed model dynamically incorporates possible changes in transportation network, facility investment costs, monetary value of time and changes in production process. In addition, the time variation and the demand uncertainty for dairy products in each period of the planning horizon is taken into account to determine the optimal facility location and the optimal production volumes. Computational results are presented for the model on a number of test problems. Also, an empirical case study is conducted in order to investigate the dynamic effects of traffic congestion and demand uncertainty on facility location design and total system costs.