The Criticality for Circular Coloring of Graph G_d~k

For two positive integers k and d such that k ≥ 2d, Gkd is the graph with vertex set {0,1, ...,k-1} in which ij is an edge if and only if d ≤ |i-j| ≤ k-d. Clearly, Gk1 is a complete graph of k vertices and we always assume d ≥ 2 in the following. It is easy to see (also [1]) that a graph G is (k, d)-colorable if and only if there exists a homomorphism from G to Gkd.     

Smallest close to regular bipartite graphs without an almost perfect matching

A graph G is close to regular or more precisely a （d, d ＋ k）-graph, if the degree of each vertex of G is between d and d ＋ k. Let d ≥ 2 be an integer, and let G be a connected bipartite （d, d＋k）-graph with partite sets X and Y such that ｜X｜- ｜Y｜＋1. If G is of order n without an almost perfect matching, then we show in this paper that·n ≥ 6d ＋7 when k = 1,·n ≥ 4d＋ 5 when k = 2,·n ≥ 4d＋3 when k≥3.Examples will demonstrate that the given bounds on the order of G are the best possible.     

3,4跳图的平面性

For a graph G of size ε≥1 and its edge-induced subgraphs H1 and H2 of size r(1≤r≤ε), H1 is said to be obtained from H2 by an edge jump if there exist four distinct vertices u,v,w and x in G such that (u,v)∈E(H2), (w,x)∈ E(G)-E(H2) and H1=H2-(u,v)+(w,x). In this article, the r-jump graphs (r≥3) are discussed. A graph H is said to be an r-jump graph of G if its vertices correspond to the edge induced graph of size r in G and two vertices are adjacent if and only if one of the two corresponding subgraphs can be obtained from the other by an edge jump. For k≥2, the k-th iterated r-jump graph Jrk(G) is defined as Jr(Jrk-1(G)), where Jr1(G)=Jr(G).An infinite sequence{Gi} of graphs is planar if every graph Gi is planar. It is shown that there does not exist a graph G for which the sequence {J3k(G)} is planar, where k is any positive integer. Meanwhile,lim gen(J3k(G))=∞,where gen(G) denotes the genus of a graph G, if the sequencek→∞J3k(G) is defined for every positive integer k. As for the 4-jump gra     

关于完全三部图色唯一性的一个注记

Let P(G,λ) be the chromatic polynomial of a simple graph G. A graph G is chromatically unique if for any simple graph H, P(H,λ) = P(G,λ) implies that H is isomorphic to G. Many sufficient conditions guaranteeing that some certain complete tripartite graphs are chromatically unique were obtained by many scholars. Especially, in 2003, Zou Hui-wen showed that if n 31m2 + 31k2 + 31mk+ 31m? 31k+ 32√m2 + k2 + mk, where n,k and m are non-negative integers, then the complete tripartite graph K(n - m,n,n + k) is chromatically unique (or simply χ-unique). In this paper, we prove that for any non-negative integers n,m and k, where m ≥ 2 and k ≥ 0, if n ≥ 31m2 + 31k2 + 31mk + 31m - 31k + 43, then the complete tripartite graph K(n - m,n,n + k) is χ-unique, which is an improvement on Zou Hui-wen's result in the case m ≥ 2 and k ≥ 0. Furthermore, we present a related conjecture.     

DNA labelled graphs with DNA computing

Let k≥2, 1≤i≤k andα≥1 be three integers. For any multiset which consists of some k-long oligonucleotides, a DNA labelled graph is defined as follows: each oligonucleotide from the multiset becomes a point; two points are connected by an arc from the first point to the second one if the i rightmost uucleotides of the first point overlap with the i leftmost nucleotides of the second one. We say that a directed graph D can be(k, i;α)-labelled if it is possible to assign a label(l_1(x),..., l_k(x))to each point x of D such that l_j(x)∈{0,...,a-1}for any j∈{1,...,k}and(x,y)∈E(D)if and only if(l_k-i 1(x),..., l_k(x))=(l_1(y),..., l_i(y)). By the biological background, a directed graph is a DNA labelled graph if there exist two integers k, i such that it is(k, i; 4)-labelled. In this paper, a detailed discussion of DNA labelled graphs is given. Firstly, we study the relationship between DNA labelled graphs and some existing directed graph classes. Secondly, it is shown that for any DNA labelled graph, there exists a positive integer i such that it is(2i, i; 4)-labelled. Furthermore, the smallest i is determined, and a polynomial-time algorithm is introduced to give a(2i, i; 4)-labelling for a given DNA labelled graph. Finally, a DNA algorithm is given to find all paths from one given point to another in a(2i, i; 4)-labelled directed graph.     

任意长圈覆盖指定的独立的点

An invariant σ2（G） of a graph is defined as follows： σ2（G） ：= min{d（u） ＋ d（v）｜u, v ∈V（G）,uv ∈ E（G）,u ≠ v} is the minimum degree sum of nonadjacent vertices （when G is a complete graph, we define σ2（G） = ∞）. Let k, s be integers with k ≥ 2 and s ≥ 4, G be a graph of order n sufficiently large compared with s and k. We show that if σ2（G） ≥ n ＋ k- 1, then for any set of k independent vertices v1,..., vk, G has k vertex-disjoint cycles C1,..., Ck such that ｜Ci｜ ≤ s and vi ∈ V（Ci） for all 1 ≤ i ≤ k.
The condition of degree sum σs（G） ≥ n ＋ k - 1 is sharp.     

ON THE NUMBER OF INCREASING PATHS IN LABELED CYCLES AND STARS

A labeled graph is an ordered pair （G, L） consisting of a graph G and its labeling L ： V（G） → {1,2 ,n}, where n = ｜V（G）｜. An increasing nonconsecutive path in a labeled graph （G,L） is either a path （u1,u2 uk） （k ≥ 2） in G such that L（u,） ＋ 2 ≤ L（ui＋1） for all i = 1, 2, ..., k- 1 or a path of order 1. The total number of increasing nonconsecutive paths in （G, L） is denoted by d（G, L）. A labeling L is optimal if the labeling L produces the largest d（G, L）. In this paper, a method simpler than that in Zverovich （2004） to obtain the optimal labeling of path is given. The optimal labeling of other special graphs such as cycles and stars is obtained.     

GRAPHS ISOMORPHIC TO SUBGRAPHS OF THEIR ITERATED LINE GRAPHS

A graph G is said to be embeddable into a graph H,if there is an isomorphism of G into asubgraph of H.It is shown in this paper that every unicycle or tree which is neither a path nor K_(1,3)embeds in its n-th iterated line graph for n≥1 or 2,3,and that every other connected graph thatembeds in its n-th iterated line graph may be constructed from such an embedded unicycle or tree ina natural way A special kind of embedding of graph into its n-th iterated line graph,called incidenceembedding,is studied.Moreover,it is shown that for every positive integer k,there exists a graph Gsuch that (?)(G)=k,where (?)(G) is the least n≥1 for which G embeds in L~n(G).     

A conjecture on k-factor-critical and 3-γ-critical graphs

For a graph G =(V,E),a subset VS is a dominating set if every vertex in V is either in S or is adjacent to a vertex in S.The domination number γ(G) of G is the minimum order of a dominating set in G.A graph G is said to be domination vertex critical,if γ(G-v) γ(G) for any vertex v in G.A graph G is domination edge critical,if γ(G ∪ e) γ(G) for any edge e ∈/E(G).We call a graph G k-γ-vertex-critical(resp.k-γ-edge-critical) if it is domination vertex critical(resp.domination edge critical) and γ(G) = k.Ananchuen and Plummer posed the conjecture:Let G be a k-connected graph with the minimum degree at least k+1,where k 2 and k≡|V|(mod 2).If G is 3-γ-edge-critical and claw-free,then G is k-factor-critical.In this paper we present a proof to this conjecture,and we also discuss the properties such as connectivity and bicriticality in 3-γ-vertex-critical claw-free graph.     

无$K_{1,4}$子图的图的路覆盖

For a graph G, a path cover is a set of vertex disjoint paths covering all the vertices of G, and a path cover number of G, denoted by p(G), is the minimum number of paths in a path cover among all the path covers of G. In this paper, we prove that if G is a K_(1,4)-free graph of order n and σ_(k+1)(G) ≥ n-k, then p(G) ≤ k, where σ_(k+1)(G) = min{∑v∈S d(v) : S is an independent set of G with |S| = k + 1}.     

变更图的直径

对于给定的正整数t和d(≥2),用F(t,d)和P(t,d)分别表示在所有直径为d的图和路中添加t条边后得到的图的最小直径,用f(t, d)表示从所有直径为d的图中删去t条边后得到的图的最大直径. 已经证明P(1, d)=(d)/(2), P(2,d)=(d 1)/(3)和P(3, d)=(d 2)/(4). 一般地,当t和d≥4时有(d 1)/(t 1)-1≤P(t, d)≤(d 1)/(t 1) 3. 在这篇文章中,我们得到F(t, f(t, d))≤d≤f(t, F(t, d))和(d)/(t 1)≤F(t, d)=P(t, d)≤(d-2)/(t 1) 3,而且当d充分大时,F(t, d)≤(d)/(t) 1. 特别地,对任意正整数k有P(t, (2k-1)(t 1) 1)=2k,当t=4或5,且d≥4时有(d)/(t 1)≤P(t, d)≤(d)/(t 1) 1.     

K3-free图的线图的哈密顿性

设G是一个简单图，Gi G，G1在G中的度定义为d（Gt）=∑v∈v（c）d（v），其中d（v）为v在G中的度数。本文的主要结果是：设G是n≥2阶几乎无桥的简单连通K3-free图，且G≌k1,n-1、Q1和Q2，若对G中任何同构于四个顶点路的导出子图I有d（I）≥n＋2，则G有一个D-闭迹，从而G的线图L（G）是哈密顿图。     

任意n个完备二分图的并图的k－优美性和算术性

证明了对于正整数k,n,si,ti（si,ti≥2,i=1,2,…,n）,图n/U/i=1,Ksi,ti是k-优美图;对于正整数k,d（d≥2）,k≠0（roodd）及n,si,ti（si,ti≥2,i=1,2,…,n）,图n/U/i=1,Ksi,ti是（k,d）-算术图,前一结论推广了文[6]的相应结果。     

若干完全三部图的色唯一性

用P(G,λ)表示图G的色多项式.若对任意图H,当P(H,λ)=P(G,λ)时都有H和G同构,则称图G是色唯一的.给出了以下结果:m≥2且k≥0时,完全三部图K(m,m,m+k)是色唯一的;m≥2且m+1>k≥0时,完全三部图K(m,m+1,m+k)是色唯一的.     

均衡二部图中含2k条指定边的k个独立圈及2-因子

得到了对于二部图G=(V_1,V_2;E),当|V_1|=|V_2|=n≥2k+1时的结果:对G中任意2k条独立边e_1,e_1~*,…,e_k,e_k~*,G中一定存在k个独立的4-圈C_1,C_2,…,C_k,使得对任意i∈{1,2,…,k}有{e_i,e_i~*}E(C_i).并在此基础上进一步证明了当|V_1|=|V_2|=n≥3k时若对任意两顶点x∈V_1,y∈V_2,都有d(x)+d(y)≥2n-k+1成立,则G有一个2-因子含有k+1个独立圈C_1,C_2,…,C_(k+1)使得对任意i∈{1,2,…,k}有{e_i,e_i~*}E(C_i)且|C_i|=4.     

关于拟k-连通图的一个注释

G是一个k-连通图,T是G的一个k-点割,若G-T可被划分成两个子图G₁,G₂,且|G₁|≥2,|G₂|≥2,则称T是G的一个非平凡点割。假定G是一个不含非平凡（k-1）点割的（k-1）-连通图,则称G是一个拟k-连通图。证明了对任意一个k≥5且t> $ \frac{k}{2}$的整数,若G是一个不含（K₂+tK₁）的k-连通图,且G中任意两个不同点对v,w,有d（v）+d（w）≥ $\frac{{3k}}{2} $+t,则对G中的任意一个点,存在一条与之关联的边收缩后可以得到一个拟k-连通图,且G中至少有$\frac{{\left| {V\left( G \right)} \right|}}{2} $条边使得收缩其中任意一条边后仍是拟k-连通的。     

Hamiltonian[k,k+1]-因子

本文考虑n/2-临界图中Hamiltonian[k,k+1]-因子的存在性。Hamiltonian[k,k+1]-因子是指包含Hamiltonian圈的[k,k+1]-因子;给定阶数为n的简单图G,若δ(G)≥n/2而δ(G\e)相似文献   

退化图中的子图计数问题研究

令G表示n个顶点的图,如果G的每个子图中都包含一个度至多为k的顶点,则称G为k-退化图.令N(G,F)表示G中F子图的个数.主要研究了k-退化图中完全子图和完全二部子图的计数问题,给出了计数的上界以及相应的极图.首先,证明了Ν(G,K_t)≤(n-k)(k t-1)+(k t).其次,如果s,t≥1,n≥k+1且s+t≤k,我们证明了Ν(G,K_s,t)≤{(k s)(n-s s)-1/2(k s)(k-s s),t=s,(k s)(n-s t)+(k t)(n-t s)-(k t)(k-t s),t≠s.此外,还研究了在最大匹配和最小点覆盖为给定值的情况下,图G中的最大边数.记v(G),K(G)分别为图G的最大匹配数和最小点覆盖.证明了当v(G)≤k,K(G)=k+r且n≥2k+2r²+r+1时,有e(G)≤(k+r+1 2)+(k-r)(n-k-r-1).     

Isolated Toughness and k-Hamiltonian [a,b]-factors

Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series - Let a, b and k be nonnegative integers with a ≥ 2 and b ≥ a(k + 1) + 2. A graph G is called a k-Hamiltonian graph if after deleting...     

Schrijver图SG(2k+2,k)的Hamilton性

通过图G的每个顶点的路称为Hamilton路,通过图G的每个顶点的圈称为Hamilton圈,具有Hamilton圈的图G称为Hamilton图.1952年Dirac曾得到关于Hamilton图一个充分条件的结论:图G有n个顶点,如果每个顶点υ满足:d(υ)≥n/2,则图G是Hamilton图.本文研究了Schrijver图SG(2k+2,k)的Hamilton性,采用寻找Hamilton圈的方法得出了Schrijver图SG(2k+2,k)是Hamilton图.