三角剖分上分片代数曲线的Nther型定理

分片代数曲线是经典代数曲线的推广．贯穿剖分上的分片代数曲线的Nther型定理对构造二元样条空间的Lagrange插值适定结点组有非常重要的作用．文中利用二元样条的性质,给出了任意三角剖分上分片代数曲线的N(?)ther型定理．     

实分片代数曲线的某些研究

分片代数曲线作为二元样条函数的零点集合是经典代数曲线的推广. 利用代数的基本知识, 本文对实分片代数曲线的基本性质进行了初步讨论, 并且将实分片代数曲线与相应的二元样条分类进行讨论. 最后, 对实分片代数曲线上的孤立点进行了研究.     

拟贯穿剖分上的二元样条Lagrange插值

分片代数曲线足经典代数曲线的推广.利用沿分片代数曲线插值以及分片代数曲线的Nother型定理,给出了一类构造拟贯穿剖分上的二元样条Lagrange插值适定结点组的一种方法,并给出具体算法与实例.     

拟贯穿剖分上分片代数曲线的Nother型定理

代数曲线的Nother定理是代数几何中经典并且十分重要的结论.作为二元样条的零点集,分片代数曲线是经典代数曲线的推广.分片代数曲线的Nother型定理对研究二元样条空间的Lagrange插值有至关重要的作用.利用拟贯穿剖分的特点、二元样条的性质与代数几何的相关知识,给出了拟贯穿剖分上分片代数曲线的Nother型定理.     

三角剖分上分片代数曲线的Nöther型定理

分片代数曲线是经典代数曲线的推广. 贯穿剖分上的分片代数曲线的Nöther型定理对构造二元样条空间的Lagrange插值适定结点组有非常重要的作用. 文中利用二元样条的性质, 给出了任意三角剖分上分片代数曲线的Nöther型定理.     

三角剖分上分片代数曲线的N(o)ther型定理

分片代数曲线是经典代数曲线的推广.贯穿剖分上的分片代数曲线的N(o)ther型定理对构造二元样条空间的Lagrange插值适定结点组有非常重要的作用.文中利用二元样条的性质,给出了任意三角剖分上分片代数曲线的N(o)ther型定理.     

分片代数曲线Bezout数的估计

分片代数曲线定义为二元样条函数的零点集合.首先证明了关于三角剖分的一个猜想. 随后,指出了分片线性代数曲线与四色猜想之间的内在联系.通过经典的Morgan-Scott剖分,指出分片代数曲线的ezout数的不稳定性.利用组合优化方法,得到任意阶光滑分片代数曲线的Bezout数的上界.这个上界不仅适用于三角剖分,而且对任意网线为直线段的剖分均成立.     

实分片代数超曲面的连通分支数的上界

多元样条是具有一定光滑度的分片多项式,具有一定光滑度的分片代数(超)曲面(即多元样条的零点集)是表示或逼近曲面的重要工具.这篇文章建立了实分片代数超曲面与实分片代数曲线的连通分支数的界.     

分片代数集合的不可约性和同构

本文利用多元样条函数来定义分片代数集合,讨论了分片代数集合的不可约性和同构问题,给出了分片代数集合不可约的两个等价条件,并把分片代数集合的同构分类问题转化为交换代数的同构分类问题。     

分片代数超曲面的构造与参系数分片多项式系统的研究进展

多元样条是具有一定光滑度的分片多项式,具有一定光滑度的分片代数(超)曲面(即多元样条的零点集)是表示或逼近曲面的重要工具.研究一种有效方法用于构造具有一定光滑度和预先给定拓扑的实分片代数超曲面是解决如何表示或逼近具有一定拓扑结构(特别是复杂拓扑结构)的几何物体问题的重要途径之一,也是计算几何与代数几何研究中一个新的重要主题.参系数分片多项式系统不仅与曲面相交、拼接和过渡曲面生成等一系列研究密切相关,而且是参系数半代数系统的本质推广.本文介绍分片代数超曲面的构造与参系数分片多项式系统的一些最近的研究进展.     

Modelling and simulation of micro-well formation

Physico-chemical processes on the micro-scale require new modelling concepts because some effects become dominating that are negligible for macroscopic systems. This is illustrated by a new method for the production of micro-wells based on the placement of a small drop of toluene on a plate of polystyrene. After droplet evaporation, a micro-well is left. A mathematical model has been developed to understand the elementary processes of the micro-well formation. The model accounts for: (1) growth of the drop on the substrate, (2) evaporation process of the solvent, (3) dissolution of the substrate, (4) flow rate in the evaporating drop caused by the pinning effect, including the vertical velocity profile, and (5) increase in the concentration of dissolved material followed by precipitation. In the modelling and simulation process, it could be shown that the method of drop production also has a significant influence on the shape of the micro-wells.     

Multi‐dimensional Lotka–Volterra systems for carcinogenesis mutations

In the paper we consider three classes of models describing carcinogenesis mutations. Every considered model is described by the system of (n+1) equations, and in each class three models are studied: the first is expressed as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the second—as a system of reaction–diffusion equations (RDEs) with the same kinetics as the first one and with the Neumann boundary conditions, while the third is also described by the system of RDEs but with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. The models are formulated on the basis of the Lotka–Volterra systems (food chains and competition systems) and in the case of RDEs the linear diffusion is considered. The differences between studied classes of models are expressed by the kinetic functions, namely by the form of kinetic function for the last variable, which reflects the dynamics of malignant cells (that is the last stage of mutations). In the first class the models are described by the typical food chain with favourable unbounded environment for the last stage, in the second one—the last equation expresses competition between the pre‐malignant and malignant cells and the environment is also unbounded, while for the third one—it is expressed by predation term but the environment is unfavourable. The properties of the systems in each class are studied and compared. It occurs that the behaviour of solutions to the systems of ODEs and RDEs with the Neumann boundary conditions is similar in each class; i.e. it does not depend on diffusion coefficients, but strongly depends on the class of models. On the other hand, in the case of the Dirichlet boundary conditions this behaviour is related to the magnitude of diffusion coefficients. For sufficiently large diffusion coefficients it is similar independently of the class of models, i.e. the trivial solution that is unstable for zero diffusion gains stability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ML Estimation of the MultivariatetDistribution and the EM Algorithm

Maximum likelihood estimation of the multivariatetdistribution, especially with unknown degrees of freedom, has been an interesting topic in the development of the EM algorithm. After a brief review of the EM algorithm and its application to finding the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of thetdistribution, this paper provides new versions of the ECME algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation of the multivariatetdistribution from data with possibly missing values. The results show that the new versions of the ECME algorithm converge faster than the previous procedures. Most important, the idea of this new implementation is quite general and useful for the development of the EM algorithm. Comparisons of different methods based on two datasets are presented.     

Evaluating departures from fair representation

Computer–intensive estimates are introduced to evaluate departures from proportionality between the numbers of electors in a partition of a voting population and the numbers of representatives in the corresponding partition of the elected representation. At the first stage a pair of indices is proposed, one to evaluate the total strength of the departures and the other to indicate to what extent they are due to over–representation increasing (or decreasing) with the number of electors in a group. The properties of the indices are examined in suitably defined stochastic models which describe this type of over–representation. Since the values of the indices are strongly influenced by the distribution of electors in the given partition, a second stage of estimation is performed in order to get some [partition–free] information on the existence of a monotone size representation, and, if it exists, on its strength. The relevant transformation is based on intensive computer simulation in the introduced models. The methods proposed are applied to the results of the 1991 election of the Polish Scientific Research Council, which distributes funds among universities, scientific institutions and individual groups of researchers.     

Properties of Attainable Sets of Evolution Inclusions and Control Systems of Subdifferential Type

In a separable Hilbert space we consider an evolution inclusion with a multivalued perturbation and the evolution operators that are the compositions of a linear operator and the subdifferentials of a time-dependent proper convex lower semicontinuous function. Alongside the initial inclusion, we consider a sequence of approximating evolution inclusions with the same perturbation and the evolution operators that are the compositions of the same linear operator and the subdifferentials of the Moreau–Yosida regularizations of the initial function. We demonstrate that the attainable set of the initial inclusion as a multivalued function of time is the time uniform limit of a sequence of the attainable sets of the approximating inclusions in the Hausdorff metric. We obtain similar results for evolution control systems of subdifferential type with mixed constraints on control. As application we consider an example of a control system with discontinuous nonlinearities containing some linear functions of the state variables of the system.     

基于韧性度的低轨卫星通信网络抗毁性度量及优化

低轨卫星通信网络的抗毁性是描述网络安全可靠的有效工具,在网络体系结构设计和路由策略等领域得到了广泛的应用。根据低轨卫星通信网络中卫星在轨道平面内移动,需要不断进行切换的特点,从建立抗毁性测度模型以及网络抗毁性优化两个角度来评估和提高网络抗毁性,提出一种基于韧性度的低轨卫星通信网络抗毁性度量方法。通过对移动模型以及切换模型的结构分析,对每种结构以一定概率出现的低轨卫星通信网络,应用韧性度函数,求得网络在某个时刻及某一段时间段内的抗毁性,并针对切换模型的不足之处进行优化,用赋权韧性度来体现优化的效果,得到了优化后的网络抗毁性。以铱星系统为应用实例进行仿真,结果表明:任意时刻网络的抗毁性跟拓扑结构的韧性度值有关,并且是一种线性关系,即随着韧性度的增加,其抗毁性也增加。通过对铱星通信系统切换模型的优化,网络的抗毁性与平均抗毁性都得到了提升,说明本文所构建模型的有效性和实用性。     

Irregularly shaped space-filling truncated octahedra

For any parent tetrahedron ABCD, centroids of selected sub-tetrahedra form the vertices of an irregularly shaped space-filling truncated octahedron. To reflect these properties, such a figure will be called an ISTO. Each edge of the ISTO is parallel to and one-eighth the length of one of the edges of tetrahedron ABCD and the volume of the ISTO is 3/16-th the volume of the tetrahedron. The ISTO is symmetric about the centroid of tetrahedron ABCD and each face is symmetric about a centre and has an opposite face that is parallel and congruent. The area of the faces of the ISTO is not proportional to that of the generating tetrahedron.     

夜盘交易对我国农产品期货市场影响的实证研究

随着我国农产品期货与国际市场的联动性进一步加强,为防止相关期货产品的隔夜风险和价格跳水问题,对部分农产品期货实行夜盘交易制度。为测度夜盘交易制度是否有益于农产品期货市场朝着稳定、理性的方向发展,本文采用了适合刻画金融序列波动性的GARCH族模型,实证检验得出GARCH、GARCH-M和EGARCH模型能够高度拟合农产品期货的价格序列并显著衡量夜盘交易对于我国农产品期货市场的影响。研究结论如下:第一、基于GRACH模型实证结果,夜盘交易制度变量的回归结果显著,该制度能减轻农产品期货的价格波动,且其影响是显著的;第二、EGARCH模型的回归结果同样显著,分别对比不同样本期的EGARCH模型实证结果可以得到,夜盘交易的开放减少了农产品期货市场的非对称性,使得市场趋向于理性的方向发展。     

基于零售商过度自信的存货质押博弈决策模型

存货质押是中小企业短期融资的有效手段,而企业对需求的过度自信会影响融资企业和银行的决策,从而影响到企业和银行的预期收益。针对过度自信环境下的存货质押决策问题,建立过度自信零售商和银行的存货质押博弈决策模型,采用Stackelberg博弈分析期望需求和需求波动性两方面过度自信对零售商销售努力、订货量和银行质押率的影响。研究表明:过度自信零售商融资更为激进,过度自信程度越高,对资金需求越大,投入销售努力越高,采购量越大,预期利润与实际利润之间的偏差越大;在低利润市场环境下,质押率随着过度自信的增加而降低,在高利润市场环境下,质押率会随着预测精度过度自信的增加而增加,随着期望需求过度自信的增加而下降。     

On the Index of Differential Operators on Manifolds with Conical Singularities

The paper contains the proof of the index formula for manifolds with conical points. For operators subject to an additional condition of spectral symmetry, the index is expressed as the sum of multiplicities of spectral points of the conormal symbol (indicial family) and the integral from the Atiyah–Singer form over the smooth part of the manifold. The obtained formula is illustrated by the example of the Euler operator on a two-dimensional manifold with conical singular point.