Weighted-mean regions of a probability distribution

In this paper we investigate a new class of central regions for probability distributions on R^d, called weighted-mean regions. Their restrictions to an empirical distribution are the weighted-mean trimmed regions investigated by Dyckerhoff and Mosler (2011) for d-variate data. Furthermore a new class of stochastic orderings of variability, the weighted-mean orderings, is introduced.     

Median Balls: An Extension of the Interquantile Intervals to Multivariate Distributions

For a probability distribution on a Banach space, we introduce a family of central balls, indexed by their radius, using a proximity criterion close to those defining the spatial median. It is shown that these balls possess robustness and equivariance properties similar to those of the spatial median. They provide a multivariate generalization of the real interquantile intervals and can be interpreted as trimmed regions.     

A hypergeometric approach,via linear forms involving logarithms,to criteria for irrationality of Euler’s constant

Using an integral of a hypergeometric function, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for irrationality of Euler’s constant γ. The proof is by reduction to known irrationality criteria for γ involving a Beukers-type double integral. We show that the hypergeometric and double integrals are equal by evaluating them. To do this, we introduce a construction of linear forms in 1, γ, and logarithms from Nesterenko-type series of rational functions. In the Appendix, S. Zlobin gives a change-of-variables proof that the series and the double integral are equal.      

Unitary Representations of the Quantum Lorentz Group and Quantum Relativistic Toda Chain

We give a group theory interpretation of the three types of q-Bessel functions. We consider a family of quantum Lorentz groups and a family of quantum Lobachevsky spaces. For three values of the parameter of the quantum Lobachevsky space, the Casimir operators correspond to the two-body relativistic open Toda-chain Hamiltonians whose eigenfunctions are the modified q-Bessel functions of the three types. We construct the principal series of unitary irreducible representations of the quantum Lorentz groups. Special matrix elements in the irreducible spaces given by the q-Macdonald functions are the wave functions of the two-body relativistic open Toda chain. We obtain integral representations for these functions.     

Adaptive choice of trimming proportions

We consider Jaeckel's (1971,Ann. Math. Statist.,42, 1540–1552) proposal for choosing the trimming proportion of the trimmed mean in the more general context of choosing a trimming proportion for a trimmedL-estimator of location. We obtain higher order expansions which enable us to evaluate the effect of the estimated trimming proportion on the adaptive estimator. We find thatL-estimators with smooth weight functions are to be preferred to those with discontinuous weight functions (such as the trimmed mean) because the effect of the estimated trimming proportion on the estimator is of ordern ^–1 rather thann ^–3/4. In particular, we find that valid inferences can be based on a particular smooth trimmed mean with its asymptotic standard error and the Studentt distribution with degrees of freedom given by the Tukey and McLaughlin (1963,Sankhy Ser. A,25, 331–352) proposal.     

Error Bounds for Approximation with Neural Networks

In this paper we prove convergence rates for the problem of approximating functions f by neural networks and similar constructions. We show that the rates are the better the smoother the activation functions are, provided that f satisfies an integral representation. We give error bounds not only in Hilbert spaces but also in general Sobolev spaces W^m, r(Ω). Finally, we apply our results to a class of perceptrons and present a sufficient smoothness condition on f guaranteeing the integral representation.     

Lower semicontinuity and relaxation for integral functionals with <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis>)- and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">x,u</Emphasis>)-growth

We consider the questions of lower semicontinuity and relaxation for the integral functionals satisfying the p(x)- and p(x, u)-growth conditions. Presently these functionals are actively studied in the theory of elliptic and parabolic problems and in the framework of the calculus of variations. The theory we present rests on the following results: the remarkable result of Kristensen on the characterization of homogeneous p-gradient Young measures by their summability; the earlier result of Zhang on approximating gradient Young measures with compact support; the result of Zhikov on the density in energy of regular functions for integrands with p(x)-growth; on the author’s approach to Young measures as measurable functions with values in a metric space whose metric has integral representation.     

Some Riemann boundary value problems in Clifford analysis

In this paper, we mainly study the R_m (m>0) Riemann boundary value problems for functions with values in a Clifford algebra C?(V_{3, 3}). We prove a generalized Liouville‐type theorem for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions by combining the growth behaviour estimates with the series expansions for k‐monogenic functions. We obtain the result under only one growth condition at infinity by using the integral representation formulas for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions. By using the Plemelj formula and the integral representation formulas, a more generalized Liouville theorem for harmonic functions and biharmonic functions are presented. Combining the Plemelj formula and the integral representation formulas with the above generalized Liouville theorem, we prove that the R_m (m>0) Riemann boundary value problems for monogenic functions, harmonic functions and biharmonic functions are solvable. Explicit representation formulas of the solutions are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adams inequalities on measure spaces

In 1988 Adams obtained sharp Moser–Trudinger inequalities on bounded domains of Rn. The main step was a sharp exponential integral inequality for convolutions with the Riesz potential. In this paper we extend and improve Adams' results to functions defined on arbitrary measure spaces with finite measure. The Riesz fractional integral is replaced by general integral operators, whose kernels satisfy suitable and explicit growth conditions, given in terms of their distribution functions; natural conditions for sharpness are also given. Most of the known results about Moser–Trudinger inequalities can be easily adapted to our unified scheme. We give some new applications of our theorems, including: sharp higher order Moser–Trudinger trace inequalities, sharp Adams/Moser–Trudinger inequalities for general elliptic differential operators (scalar and vector-valued), for sums of weighted potentials, and for operators in the CR setting.     

On the Edgeworth expansion and the <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis> out of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis> bootstrap accuracy for a Studentized trimmed mean

We investigate the second order accuracy of the M out of N bootstrap for a Studentized trimmed mean using the Edgeworth expansion derived in a previous paper. Some simulations, which support our theoretical results, are also given. The effect of extrapolation in conjunction with the M out of N bootstrap for Studentized trimmed means is briefly discussed. As an auxiliary result we obtain a Bahadur’s type representation for an M out of N bootstrap quantile. Our results supplement previous work on (Studentized) trimmed means by Hall and Padmanabhan [13], Bickel and Sakov [7], and Gribkova and Helmers [11].