Determinants and Symmetries in ‘Yetter—Drinfeld’ Categories

A Yetter—Drinfeld category over a Hopf algebra H with a bijective antipode, is equipped with a braiding which may be symmetric for some of its subcategories (e.g. when H is a triangular Hopf algebra). We prove that under an additional condition (which we term the u-condition) such symmetric subcategories completely resemble the category of vector spaces over a field k, with the ordinary flip map. Consequently, when Char k=0, one can define well behaving exterior algebras and non-commutative determinant functions.     

Hamiltonian Oscillators in 1—1—1 Resonance: Normalization and Integrability

Received July 16, 1998; accepted August 7, 1999     

The Median Formula and Related Inequalities in n—simplex

5l.TheMedianFormulaAseveryoneknows:in6ABC,letal=BC,a2=CA,a3=AB,;)11,)n2,n13aremedian1inesseparatelyonthethreeedgesBC,CA,AB,tI1entheequalityistrueasfollowsTheequality(l)iscalledmedianformulaofQABC,andwecanobtainfrom(l)Inthispaper,wesha1lextendtheequality(l)and(2)to,l-simplexin)l-EuclideanspaceH.Itisobtainedthemedianformulaof)I-simplex,andusingthisformula.wegetsomein-equalities.Themedianformulaofn-simp1exisobtainedasfollows:TheoremlFork=1,2,--',It 1andl相似文献   

Conley pairs in geometry—Lusternik–Schnirelmann theory and more

Firstly, we wish to motivate that Conley pairs, realized via Salamon’s definition (Salamon, 1990), are rather useful building blocks in geometry: Initially we met Conley pairs in an attempt to construct Morse filtrations of free loop spaces (Weber, 2017). From this fell off quite naturally, firstly, an alternative proof (Weber, 2016) of the cell attachment theorem in Morse theory (Milnor, 1963) and, secondly, some ideas (Majer and Weber, 2015) how to try to organize the closures of the unstable manifolds of a Morse–Smale gradient flow as a CW decomposition of the underlying manifold. Relaxing non-degeneracy of critical points to isolatedness we use these Conley pairs to implement the gradient flow proof of the Lusternik–Schnirelmann Theorem (Lusternik and Schnirelmann, 1934) proposed in Bott’s survey (Bott, 1982).Secondly, we shall use this opportunity to provide an exposition of Lusternik–Schnirelmann (LS) theory based on thickenings of unstable manifolds via Conley pairs. We shall cover the Lusternik–Schnirelmann Theorem (Lusternik and Schnirelmann, 1934), cuplength, subordination, the LS refined minimax principle, and a variant of the LS category called ambient category.     

Modified Landweber Iteration in Banach Spaces—Convergence and Convergence Rates

We introduce and discuss an iterative method of modified Landweber type for regularization of nonlinear operator equations in Banach spaces. Under smoothness and convexity assumptions on the solution space we present convergence and stability results. Furthermore, we will show that under the so-called approximate source conditions convergence rates may be achieved by a proper a-priori choice of the parameter of the presented algorithm. We will illustrate these theoretical results with a numerical example.     

Arcs and k-sets with large nucleus — set in Hall planes

In this paper we give k-sets (k>-q+1) of the Hall planes with q-q nuclei. This shows that the results of BICHARA — KORCHMÁROS [1] and WETTL [16] cannot be extended to non-desarguesian planes. We construct some inherited arcs in the Hall planes as well. For example complete (q–1)-arcs of the Hall planes of odd order will be constructed.     

Binding of atoms and stability of molecules in hartree and thomas—fermi type theories

This paper is the sequel of a previous work where we showed a general necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of an arbitrary molecular system (possibly ionized) in the framework of Hartree or Thomas-Fermi type theories. This condition, roughly speaking, meant that certain particular subsystems have to be bound. We show here in particular that this condition reduces for general molecular system with nonnegative excess charge to the binding of all subsystems with the same property. For neutral inolecular systems, this reduces to the binding of all neutral subsystems. In both cases, all other subsystems can be bound. We also show that, for the Hartree-Fock and Hartree models, this condition involves only “physical” sulxystems We use these reduced conditions to conclude allout the stability or the binding in some particular cases. This work 1s also the second of a series devoted to these equations and we shall come back on the binding of neutral systems in Part 3.     

Interannual variations in the length of day and ENSO events in 1982–1983 and 1997–1998

The length of day series during the period of 1962.0–2000.0, the atmospheric angular momentum and the Southern Oscillation Index are adopted to analyze the relationships among the ENSO events that have occurred since 1960, the changes in the length of day and the atmospheric angular momentum. Attention is particularly given to the different effects of the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 ENSO events on the variations of Earth rotation. The synthetic excitation effects of multi-scale atmospheric oscillations on the anomalous variations of the interannual rates of Earth rotation are revealed by means of the time-frequency spectrum of the wavelet transform.     

Atmospheric,hydrological and oceanic comprehensive contributions to seasonal polar wobble of Earth Rotation

The geophysical quantitative excitation on seasonal polar wobble of Earth Rotation has not been well achieved so far. The atmospheric, hydrologic and oceanic angular momentum variations are investigated from monthly values simulated by a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. The simulated equatorial AAM functions agree well with that from the JMA operational analysis in 90°:E direction, but disagree along Greenwich meridian. As for the annual cycle, not only the hydrologic and oceanic excitations partly match the residuals between geodetic functions of polar wobble and JMA AAM functions, but also the combinations with NCEP and JMA analysis AAM functions are better than those estimated from NCAR-CSM1 climate model.     

Unitary rotation of square-pixellated images

The unitary rotation of square-pixellated images is based on the finite su(2)-oscillator model, which describes systems whose values for position, momentum and energy, are discrete and finite. In a two-dimensional position space, this allows the construction of angular momentum states, orthonormal and complete, for which rotations are defined as multiplication by phases that carry the rotation angle. The decomposition of a digital square images in terms of these angular momentum states determines a unitary (hence invertible) rotation of the image, whose kernel can be computed as a four-dimensional array of real numbers.     

Well-Posedness of a Problem of Propagation of Nonlinear Acoustic-Gravity Waves in the Atmosphere Generated by Surface Pressure Variations

Currently there are many international microbarograph networks for high-resolution recording of wave pressure variations on the Earth’s surface. This arouses interest in wave propagation in the atmosphere generated by atmospheric pressure variations. A full system of nonlinear hydrodynamic equations for atmospheric gases with lower boundary conditions in the form of wavelike pressure variations on the Earth’s surface is considered. Since the wave amplitudes near the Earth’s surface are small, linearized equations are used in the analysis of well-posedness of the problem. With the help of a wave energy functional method, it is shown that in the non-dissipative case the solution to the boundary value problem is uniquely determined by the variable pressure field on the Earth’s surface. The corresponding dissipative problem is well-posed if, in addition to the pressure field, appropriate conditions on the velocity and temperature on the Earth’s surface are given. In the case of an isothermal atmosphere, the problem admits analytical solutions that are harmonic in the variables x and t. A good agreement between the numerical and analytical solutions is obtained. The study shows that the temperature and density can rapidly vary at the lower boundary of the boundary value problem. An example of solving the three-dimensional problem with variable pressure on the Earth’s surface taken from experimental observations is given. The developed algorithms and computer programs can be used to simulate atmospheric waves generated by pressure variations on the Earth’s surface.     

Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction in the Lifecycle of ENSO： The Coupled Wave Oscillator

To explain the oscillatory nature of E1 Nino/Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, many ENSO theories emphasize the free oceanic equatorial waves propagating/reflecting within the Pacific Ocean, or the discharge/recharge of Pacific-basin-averaged ocean heat content. ENSO signals in the Indian and Atlantic oceans are often considered as remote response to the Pacific SST anomaly through atmospheric teleconnections. This study investigates the ENSO life cycle near the equator using long-term observational datasets. Space-time spectral analysis is used to identify and isolate the dominant interannual oceanic and atmospheric wave modes associated with ENSO. Nino3 SST anomaly is utilized as the ENSO index, and lag-correlation/regression are used to construct the composite ENSO life cycle. The propagation, structure and feedback mechanisms of the dominant wave modes are studied in detail. The results show that the dominant oceanic equatorial wave modes associated with ENSO are not free waves, but are two ocean-atmosphere coupled waves including a coupled Kelvin wave and waves are not confined only to the Pacific a coupled equatorial Rossby （ER） wave. These Ocean, but are of planetary scale with zonal wavenumbers 1-2, and propagate all the way around the equator in more than three years, leading to the longer than 3-year period of ENSO. When passing the continents, they become uncoupled atmospheric waves. The coupled Kelvin wave has larger variance than the coupled ER wave, making the total signals dominated by eastward propagation. Surface zonal wind stress （x） acts to slow down the waves. The two coupled waves interact with each other through boundary reflection and superposition, and they also interact with an off-equatorial Rossby wave in north Pacific along 15N through boundary reflection and wind stress forcing. The precipitation anomalies of the two coupled waves meet in the eastern Pacific shortly after the SST maximum of ENSO and excite a dry atmospheric Kelvin wave which quickly circles the whole equator and leads to a zonally symmetric signal of troposphere temperature. ENSO signals in the Indian and Atlantic oceans are associated with the two coupled waves as well as the fast atmospheric Kelvin wave. The discharge/recharge of Pacific-basin-averaged ocean heat content is also contributed by the two coupled waves. The above results suggest the presence of an alternative coupled wave oscillator mechanism for the oscillatory nature of ENSO.     

Asymptotic estimates for slowly rotating Newtonian stars

This work is mainly concerned with the rotating Newtonian stars with prescribed angular velocity law. For general compressible fluids, the existence of rotating star solutions was proved by using concentration-compactness principle. In this paper, we establish the asymptotic estimates on the diameters of the stars with small rotation. The novelty of this paper is that a direct and concise definition of slowly rotating stars is given, different from the case with given angular momentum law, and the most general fluids are considered.     

Kinetic Monte Carlo models for the study of chemical reactions in the Earth’s upper atmosphere

A stochastic approach to study the non-equilibrium chemistry in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is presented, which has been developed over a number of years. Kinetic Monte Carlo models based on this approach are an effective tool for investigating the role of suprathermal particles both in local variations of the atmospheric chemical composition and in the formation of the hot planetary corona.     

Collision energy of particles in the ergosphere of rotating black holes

We give new estimates for the possibility that a resonance appears in the center-of-mass system when particles collide in the ergospheres of rotating black holes—active galactic nuclei. We investigate a new effect: an increase in the center-of-mass energy depending on the particle angular momentum, which can occur at any point of the ergosphere.     

重建极性连续统理论的基本定律和原理(Ⅰ)——微极连续统

在对现有微极连续统理论已进行过再研究的基础上重新建立较为完整的微极连续统理论的基本均衡定律和方程体系。在此重建的新体系中不但考虑了由于动量引起的附加动量矩、面力引起的附加面矩和体力引起的附加体矩,而且还考虑了微角速度引起的附加速度,从而可以建立起耦合型的动量、动量矩和能量的均衡定律。从这些新的基本均衡定律可以很自然地推导出相应的局部和非局部均衡方程。通过对比可以清楚地看到这些新结果较之现有的结果都完整。     

在不均匀旋转大气中瞬时圆形轨道的人造卫星的寿命

本文用能量观点研究了人造卫星在不均匀旋转大气的阻力作用下的寿命.根据流体动力学,大气旋转角速度随高度而减小.大气密度按指数形式而减少.文中推出了卫星在上述旋转大气模型中瞬时圆形轨道上的寿命表达式,并对具体卫星的寿命做了数值估计.结果表明:在本文中所计算出的卫星寿命比前人将大气旋转同地球自转角速度一样的模型所算出的寿命要短些.