关于Tsallis型非对称熵的若干研究

基于Tsallis熵和非对称熵,本文提出了Tsallis型非对称熵,该熵推广了Tsallis熵和非对称熵,证明了最大的Tsallis型非对称熵原理,并且从该原理中可以获得比Tsallis熵及非对称熵原理更多的分布,从而说明该原理的有用性.     

模糊事件的熵和信号量

本文定义了结局为模糊事件的随机试验的熵和信息量,将Shannon熵和信息推广到Fuzzy情形。讨论了模糊事件的熵和信息的基本性质。发现结局为模糊事件的随机试验的熵可分解为随机熵和模糊熵之和。找到了Shannon熵和Do Luca熵之间的联系。     

双曲型守恒律方程的熵稳定格式的一些讨论

本文讨论双曲型守恒律方程的熵稳定格式.对于给定的熵对,格式所满足的熵条件中的数值熵通量是不唯一的.Tadmor的充分条件可以唯一地确定标量方程的熵守恒通量,但不能唯一确定方程组的熵守恒通量,却可以给出方程组的空间一阶精度的熵守恒格式.也讨论了在熵守恒通量上添加数值粘性得到的显式熵稳定格式需要满足的条件及常见的时间离散对熵守恒和熵稳定的影响.     

广义模糊熵及其诱导的区别度

广义模糊熵是模糊熵在广义模糊补意义下的推广,本文给出广义模糊熵的公理化定义 ,基于σ-广义模糊熵,讨论了广义模糊熵和区别度的相互诱导关系.     

犹豫模糊集的熵

结合犹豫模糊集自身的模糊性和犹豫性特征,研究犹豫模糊集的熵公理化定义和熵公式.先对犹豫模糊值提出了熵公理化定义和熵公式,在此基础上,定义犹豫模糊集的熵公理化定义和熵公式,从而完善犹豫模糊集的熵理论.最后,将提出的犹豫模糊值的熵公理化定义和熵公式与现有文献中的相关定义进行比较,结果表明所提的熵公式既能反映犹豫模糊值的模糊性,又能反映其犹豫性,具有更强的区分犹豫模糊值不确定性的能力.     

非自治动力系统的原像熵

本文对紧致度量空间上的连续自映射序列应用生成集和分离集引入了点原像熵、原像分枝熵以及原像关系熵等几类原像熵的定义并进行了研究.主要结果是:(1) 证明了这些熵都是等度拓扑共轭不变量.(2)讨论了这些原像熵之间及它们与拓扑熵之间的关系,得到了联系这些熵的不等式.(3)证明了对正向可扩的连续自映射序列而言, 两类点原像熵相等,原像分枝熵与原像关系熵也相等.(4)证明了对(a).由闭Riemann 流形上的一个扩张映射经充分小的C1-扰动生成的自映射序列,以及(b).有限图上等度连续的自映射序列,有零原像分枝熵.     

无标度网络演化过程中的结构熵

熵是度量复杂系统无序性的重要物理量,而且现实中的大多数网络都呈现出无标度网络的特性.在网络的节点熵和结构熵概念的基础上,给出了BA模型的网络结构熵演化的解析结论和数值模拟.从解析结论和数值模拟可以得到,网络结构熵随网络大小以对数的速度增长;但在同样规模下,无标度网络的结构熵小于随机网络的结构熵.     

非自治动力系统Bowen估计熵的变分原理

推广了经典动力系统的Bowen拓扑熵,给出了非自治动力系统的Bowen估计熵的定义,讨论了非自治动力系统的Bowen估计熵和局部估计熵的关系,推广了自治动力系统Bowen拓扑熵的Billingsley型定理,研究了非自治动力系统的Bowen α-估计熵的Billingsley型定理.此外,给出了非自治动力系统Bowen...     

部分双曲动力系统中不稳定局部熵的重分形分析

本文在部分双曲动力系统中定义了Borel概率测度的不稳定局部熵.为了刻画不稳定局部熵的重分形谱,引入不稳定(q,μ)-熵的概念,给出不稳定(q,μ)-熵的基本性质,并建立了不稳定局部熵重分形谱的Bowen不稳定熵与(q,μ)-熵之间的关系式.     

平衡规划问题的熵函数方法及其在混合交通流中的应用

将参变极值问题的极大熵函数方法应用到求解平衡规划问题中,通过先验分布信息和Kullback熵概念,给出了平衡规划问题基于Kullback熵表示的熵函数求解方法,并将平衡规划的极大熵函数方法应用于求解混合交通平衡分配问题．     

Utilization and maintenance in a model with scrapping

We consider a productive asset, called equipment or capital good, and we examine the properties of, as well as the interactions between, the operating policies, which are determined by its optimal utilization and maintenance, and the capital policy of scrapping, which defines the optimal time when the productive asset is retired from its current use. Starting with an abstract model and using the approach of optimal control, initially we characterize the various types of equipment by assigning to them a single total profit index, which indicates how the above policies affect the flow of operating revenues plus capital gains or losses. This index is a function of market-determined prices. So using it we then investigate how the operating and capital policies are influenced by the rate of discount, the price of new equipment, and the rise or fall of the price of new equipment relative to the value of its output. Among other interesting results, we find that the effects of these prices on the nature and interactions of optimal policies depend crucially on whether the equipment is of the usual profit making type, where output is the main source of revenue, or of the antique type, where the main source of revenue is capital gains.     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

Variation of the structure and permeability of tensioned fiber layers during impregnation with a thermoplastic polymer melt

The influence of displacements of tensioned fibers on the impregnation of fibrous layers with a polymer melt and on the final composite structure is studied. Using computer simulation, it is shown that, during impregnation, the structure of tensioned fibrous layers changes considerably depending on the initial arrangement and tensioning of fibers. The consolidated regions formed under the melt front move inside the impregnated layer with the advancing melt front. Displacement of the tensioned fibers as well as the formation of “washouts” favors the impregnation of internal layers, but cause significant inhomogeneity of the polymer structure. The surface (on the side of the melt flow) regions are more saturated with the polymer than the internal ones. A difference in the melt percolation mechanisms at various impregnation regimes is revealed. The effective permeability coefficients of a tensioned fiber layer are not constant but depend on the conditions and regimes of impregnation. Submitted to the 11th Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 259–270, March–April, 2000.     

On matrix analogs of Fermat’s little theorem

The theorem proved in this paper gives a congruence for the traces of powers of an algebraic integer for the case in which the exponent of the power is a prime power. The theorem implies a congruence in Gauss’ form for the traces of the sums of powers of algebraic integers, generalizing many familiar versions of Fermat’s little theorem. Applied to the traces of integer matrices, this gives a proof of Arnold’s conjecture about the congruence of the traces of powers of such matrices for the case in which the exponent of the power is a prime power.     

Modelling and simulation of micro-well formation

Physico-chemical processes on the micro-scale require new modelling concepts because some effects become dominating that are negligible for macroscopic systems. This is illustrated by a new method for the production of micro-wells based on the placement of a small drop of toluene on a plate of polystyrene. After droplet evaporation, a micro-well is left. A mathematical model has been developed to understand the elementary processes of the micro-well formation. The model accounts for: (1) growth of the drop on the substrate, (2) evaporation process of the solvent, (3) dissolution of the substrate, (4) flow rate in the evaporating drop caused by the pinning effect, including the vertical velocity profile, and (5) increase in the concentration of dissolved material followed by precipitation. In the modelling and simulation process, it could be shown that the method of drop production also has a significant influence on the shape of the micro-wells.     

ML Estimation of the MultivariatetDistribution and the EM Algorithm

Maximum likelihood estimation of the multivariatetdistribution, especially with unknown degrees of freedom, has been an interesting topic in the development of the EM algorithm. After a brief review of the EM algorithm and its application to finding the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of thetdistribution, this paper provides new versions of the ECME algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation of the multivariatetdistribution from data with possibly missing values. The results show that the new versions of the ECME algorithm converge faster than the previous procedures. Most important, the idea of this new implementation is quite general and useful for the development of the EM algorithm. Comparisons of different methods based on two datasets are presented.     

Multi‐dimensional Lotka–Volterra systems for carcinogenesis mutations

In the paper we consider three classes of models describing carcinogenesis mutations. Every considered model is described by the system of (n+1) equations, and in each class three models are studied: the first is expressed as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the second—as a system of reaction–diffusion equations (RDEs) with the same kinetics as the first one and with the Neumann boundary conditions, while the third is also described by the system of RDEs but with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. The models are formulated on the basis of the Lotka–Volterra systems (food chains and competition systems) and in the case of RDEs the linear diffusion is considered. The differences between studied classes of models are expressed by the kinetic functions, namely by the form of kinetic function for the last variable, which reflects the dynamics of malignant cells (that is the last stage of mutations). In the first class the models are described by the typical food chain with favourable unbounded environment for the last stage, in the second one—the last equation expresses competition between the pre‐malignant and malignant cells and the environment is also unbounded, while for the third one—it is expressed by predation term but the environment is unfavourable. The properties of the systems in each class are studied and compared. It occurs that the behaviour of solutions to the systems of ODEs and RDEs with the Neumann boundary conditions is similar in each class; i.e. it does not depend on diffusion coefficients, but strongly depends on the class of models. On the other hand, in the case of the Dirichlet boundary conditions this behaviour is related to the magnitude of diffusion coefficients. For sufficiently large diffusion coefficients it is similar independently of the class of models, i.e. the trivial solution that is unstable for zero diffusion gains stability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal reconstruction of the solution of the wave equation from inaccurate initial data

In the present paper, we consider the problem of the optimal reconstruction of the solution of the wave equation from the approximate values of the Fourier coefficients of the function specifying the initial form of the string. For an operator defined on the weight space of vectors from l ₂, we present the solution of the more general problem of reconstruction from the approximate values of the coordinates of these vectors.     

On the concept of point value in the infinite-dimensional realization theory

In this article, we study the effect of the chosen representation of a point value (and point evaluation) on the class of periodic signals realizable using a certain type of infinite-dimensional linear system. By suitably representing the point evaluation at the origin in a Hilbert space, we are able to give a complete characterization of its extensions. These extensions involve a new concept called δ-sequence, the use of which as an observation operator of an infinite-dimensional linear system is studied in this article. In particular, we consider their use in the realization of periodic signals. We also investigate how the use of δ-sequences affects the convergence properties of such realizations; we consider the rate and character of convergence and the removal of the Gibbs phenomenon. As still a further demonstration of the significance of the chosen concept of a point value, we discuss the use of distributional point values in the realization of periodic distributions. The possible applications of this work lie in regulator problems of infinite-dimensional control theory, as is indicated by the well-known internal model principle.     

Least Squares Convex-Concave Data Smoothing

We consider n noisy measurements of a smooth (unknown) function, which suggest that the graph of the function consists of one convex and one concave section. Due to the noise the sequence of the second divided differences of the data exhibits more sign changes than those expected in the second derivative of the underlying function. We address the problem of smoothing the data so as to minimize the sum of squares of residuals subject to the condition that the sequence of successive second divided differences of the smoothed values changes sign at most once. It is a nonlinear problem, since the position of the sign change is also an unknown of the optimization process. We state a characterization theorem, which shows that the smoothed values can be derived by at most 2n – 2 quadratic programming calculations to subranges of data. Then, we develop an algorithm that solves the problem in about O(n ²) computer operations by employing several techniques, including B-splines, the use of active sets, quadratic programming and updating methods. A Fortran program has been written and some of its numerical results are presented. Applications of the smoothing technique may be found in scientific, economic and engineering calculations, when a potential shape for the underlying function is an S-curve. Generally, the smoothing calculation may arise from processes that show initially increasing and then decreasing rates of change.