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1.
首先,针对尖劈形状吸波体的性能问题,给出了直接计算法和基于镜像模型的方法,并对其进行了对比计算与仿真.其次,对于微波暗室的性能研究,针对不同的复杂度要求,建立了两种数学模型—射线追踪(Ray Tracing)模型和基于Markov链的有限元(FEM,Finite Element Model)模型.建模过程和仿真结果表明,Ray Tracing模型的计算复杂度较低,但电磁波"镜面反射"的假设过于理想,模型较为粗糙,只能用于粗略模拟实际情况.而基于Markov链的FEM模型较Ray Tracing模型更加精确.同时,相比于传统的具有高计算复杂度的FEM模型,基于Markov链的FEM模型计算更加简便,利于计算机仿真实现,而且不降低FEM模型的精确度,可以精确模拟实际情况.  相似文献   

2.
本文的第二作者在近几年发展了一种守恒型的间断跟踪法,该跟踪法是以解的守恒性质作为跟踪的机制,而不是象传统的跟踪法利用Rankine-Hugoniot条件来进行跟踪.本文中主要研究将该算法推广至单个守恒律非凸流的情况.利用精确求解Riemann问题,我们很好地处理了非凸流Riemann解的激波和稀疏波的并存结构,既实现了对激波的跟踪,又成功地分辨出稀疏波.第四节的数值例子。显示了满意的数值结果.  相似文献   

3.
以机动目标的跟踪与反跟踪为研究对象,分析了目标的状态方程和量测方程,当存在多个目标时,仍需考虑不同目标之间数据关联问题.首先,考虑了雷达1、雷达2和3量测数据的连接和融合问题,建立了机动目标的状态方程和量测方程模型,运用卡尔曼滤波器算法对目标航迹进行了在线追踪,得到目标跟踪航迹.其次,进行一次指数平滑法的时间序列预测和实时灰色预测,得到了其目标的着落轨迹、着落点坐标和时间.最后建立新的动态多目标优化模型,运用计算机仿真对跟踪与反跟踪的目标航迹进行了模拟.  相似文献   

4.
本文中,我们对茅德康在【D.K.Mao,Towards front-tracking based on conservation in two space dimensionsⅡ,tracking discontinuities in capturing fashion,J.Comput.Phys.,226,(2007),pp 1550-1588】一文中所建立的守恒型跟踪法进行了改进,成功将算法运用到多介质流体界面的计算中.最后,我们使用改进后的算法计算了两个数值算例,验证了算法的有效性.  相似文献   

5.
浅海相干混响理论与混响强度的振荡现象   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
分析了一次负跃层浅海声学实验的混响数据 .在实验中观测到当水听器位于负跃层中时 ,接收到的混响强度是时间的振荡函数 .这种振荡现象不能用目前被采用的非相干混响理论来解释 .为了解释所观测到的现象 ,提出了射线简正波相干混响理论 .数值计算表明 ,射线简正波相干混响理论可以较好地解释及预报这种混响强度的振荡现象 .而这种振荡现象也可以用来检验现有的混响模型  相似文献   

6.
针对机动目标跟踪建模及目标机动规律分析问题,首先建立了基于Kalman滤波的Singer模型和修正的当前模型并利用MATLAB对其进行了求解,然后给出了两种模型下的目标的机动规律.针对飞行目标的航迹关联问题,首先建立了基于直观法的航迹起始模型,然后分别建立基于特征判决的最近邻域航迹关联模型和基于Kalman滤波的航迹关联模型并求解,结果显示,两种航迹关联模型都能较好实现航迹的分离.最后,针对高速机动目标跟踪与航迹预测问题,提出了一种基于初值的Singer模型并分析了高速机动目标的机动规律,然后分别建立了基于空间曲线拟合和基于Kalman滤波的航迹预测模型,并对两种模型进行求解与分析.  相似文献   

7.
郭蔚  李婷 《数学进展》2012,(3):266-275
本文主要介绍轮廓波变换的基本原理,对轮廓波多方向性实现的关键技术——多维多采样率系统进行了阐述并详细说明了方向滤波器的构造过程,最后总结出了构造方向滤波器组常用的两种方法——McClellan变换法和多相位表示法,并给出了9×9参数化扇形滤波器组的构造实例.  相似文献   

8.
基于景气跟踪图的经济景气分析方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
首次将景气跟踪图方法引入中国经济景气分析中,并从宏观经济和行业分析两个维度对中国经济景气情况进行了分析.景气跟踪图方法基于时钟分析方法,对多个重要的经济时间序列指标的发展、运行进行跟踪,进而分析国民经济运行状态.景气跟踪图方法是一种新的景气分析方法,目前多用于宏观经济分析,作者尝试将其引入到行业分析中.针对直接采用原有景气跟踪图可能存在的问题,作者结合先行指标体系进行景气跟踪图分析,同时提出了基于景气跟踪图的经济持久期分析方法.中国经济的实证结果表明改进的景气跟踪图方法在宏观经济与行业分析中均有非常良好的表现,是现有景气分析方法的很好改进与补充.  相似文献   

9.
通过引入一个无量纲参数,将重量和雷达吸波性能两个优化目标结合于同一个目标函数中,提出了针对含有多孔材料芯层的夹芯型雷达吸波结构(RASS)的一种多目标优化设计方法.优化模型为承受均布载荷的悬臂夹芯板,考虑4种不同形式的芯层.由传输矩阵法和周期矩量法计算出镜面反射率的平均值,作为表征吸波性能的指标;而面板屈服、芯层剪切破坏和面板起皱则作为优化设计中的力学性能约束.优化结果表明,以填充超轻质海绵体的复合材料二维点阵为芯层的夹芯结构,比含有多孔泡沫或六角蜂窝芯层的夹芯结构更适合作为轻质夹芯型雷达吸波结构.Kagome二维点阵则表现出优于正方二维点阵的吸波性能.  相似文献   

10.
尖劈吸波体的研究和微波暗室的模拟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对尖劈形状吸波体的吸波性能进行了研究,并对导弹导引仿真实验用的微波暗室的性能进行分析和仿真.首先对尖劈体的二维反射性能进行了研究,从单条波线反射的原理出发,得到波束平面反射的统计模型.单条波线的反射通过数值模拟得到;波束反射模型则通过对数值模拟的结果进行统计和拟合得到,最终用多项式表示.对于一些简单或特殊的情况,也给出了解析解.通过分析发现,三维反射和二维反射之间有明确的关系.这种关系可以由三维入射角和反射次数决定,而反射次数可以通过二维模型得到.据此将平面反射模型扩展为三维反射模型,从而得到尖劈形状吸波体的三维反射模型.无回波暗室用于模拟没有背景微波辐射的环境,其关键在于选择合适的吸波材料.基于微波反射通量平衡原理,建立了考虑暗室墙面各点之间的相互影响的耦合模型,从而可以求解出在指定的发射源照射之下墙面各点的辐射强度分布.对模型的求解精度和收敛性进行了验证.基于此模型,对一个导弹引导试验进行了数值模拟,推算出了使用两种不同吸波材料时静区接收到的微波信号的信噪比.  相似文献   

11.
In heat transfer for space applications, the exchanges of energy by radiation play a significant role. In this paper, we present a method which combines the geometrical definition of the model with a finite element mesh. The geometrical representation is advantageous for the radiative component of the thermal problem while the finite element mesh is more adapted to the conductive part. Our method naturally combines these two representations of the model. The geometrical primitives are decomposed into cells. The finite element mesh is then projected onto these cells. This results in a ray tracing acceleration technique. Moreover, the ray tracing can be performed on the exact geometry, which is necessary if specular reflectors are present in the model. We explain how the geometrical method can be used with a finite element formulation in order to solve thermal situation including conduction and radiation. We illustrate the method with the model of a satellite.  相似文献   

12.
Cost prediction for ray shooting in octrees   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The ray shooting problem arises in many different contexts and is a bottleneck of ray tracing in computer graphics. Unfortunately, theoretical solutions to the problem are not very practical, while practical methods offer few provable guarantees on performance.

Attempting to combine practicality with theoretical soundness, we show how to provably measure the average performance of any ray-shooting method based on traversing a bounded-degree spatial decomposition, where the average is taken to mean the expectation over a uniform ray distribution. An approximation yields a simple, easy-to-compute cost predictor that estimates the average performance of ray shooting without running the actual algorithm.

We experimentally show that this predictor provides an accurate estimate of the efficiency of executing ray-shooting queries in octree-induced decompositions, irrespective of whether or not the bounded-degree requirement is enforced, and of the criteria used to construct the octrees. We show similar guarantees for decompositions induced by kd-trees and uniform grids. We also confirm that the performance of an octree while ray tracing or running a radio-propagation simulation is accurately captured by our cost predictor, for ray distributions arising from realistic data.  相似文献   


13.
The 4 × 4 homogeneous transformation matrix is one of the most commonly applied mathematical tools in the fields of robotics, mechanisms and computer graphics. Here we extend further this mathematical tool to geometrical optics by addressing the following two topics: (1) skew ray tracing to determine the paths of reflected/refracted skew rays crossing ellipsoidal boundary surfaces; and (2) sensitivity analysis to determine via direct mathematical analysis the differential changes of the incident point and the reflected/refracted vector with respect to changes in the incident light source. The proposed ray tracing and sensitivity analysis are projected as the nucleus of other geometrical optical computations.  相似文献   

14.
A Monte Carlo method with discrete ray tracing is developed to simulate radiative transfer in a medium with a spatially varying refractive-index distribution available merely at a set of arbitrary discrete points. We solve the ray equation by a Runge−Kutta Dormand−Prince method to carry out the numerical ray tracing. To retrieve the refractive-index values and gradients needed in the discrete ray tracing, we apply cubic spline interpolation for one-dimensional simulation and a moving least square (MLS) method for two-dimensional simulation. The influence of the basis vectors and the numbers of sampled data used by the MLS method on ray tracing based on the retrieved refractive-index values and gradients has been examined. The results of radiative equilibrium in a planar medium and radiative transfer in two-dimensional media with different geometries and conditions obtained by the present methods are compared with those obtained by solving the integral equations of radiative transfer and the discrete ordinates method. The comparisons show that the present methods generate accurate results for radiative transfer with various geometries, parameters and refractive-index distributions specified at discrete points.  相似文献   

15.
The present work was aimed to develop a new ray tracing heat source model used in mesoscale finite volume method (FVM) simulations for the selective laser melting (SLM) process. By means of the metal-gas interface built via the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the developed model simulated the interactions between the laser beam and the powder bed. Multiple reflections of the laser beam at the surface of the metal powders were taken into account in the modeling. Integrated into the commercial software, FLOW3D, the heat source model was validated by the comparison between the calculation results and previous experiments. 3-D mesoscale simulations for the SLM process of 316 L stainless steel were performed. The result indicated that the proposed ray tracing heat source model was able to model the laser heating process of the SLM. Better than the conventional one, the new heat source model identified the local defects during the SLM process, such as the balling behavior.  相似文献   

16.
基于镜像原理,建立了反向射线追踪模型,同时基于有效反射面的概念,给出了辨别有效像点的充要判据.在包含绕射点路径的处理上,提出绕射路径分解方法,使得模型可以处理多次绕射问题.证明了二维情形下能量与场强之间存在正比关系.通过分析视距传播中的反射情形和非视距传播中的绕射情形,给出计算给定传播途径上接收点处场强的离散化方法.利用单频问题中Rayleigh分布规律,提出通过半经验模型得到的合场强幅值估算概率密度函数的方法.  相似文献   

17.
One of the most popular mathematical tools in fields of robotics, mechanisms, and computer graphics is the 4×4 homogeneous transformation matrix. We extend the use of that matrix to the optical domain of:

(1) skew ray tracing to determine the paths of skew rays; and

(2) error analysis to investigate the various deviations of imagines due to imperfect placement of optical elements.

In order to trace a skew ray, the reflection and refraction laws of optics are formulated in the language of homogeneous transformation matrices. Then an error matrix to describe the position errors and orientation errors of optical elements is introduced in order to analyze their effects on rays' path. This ray tracing procedure can result in very powerful and fast optical design programs. The error analysis can provide the sensitivity of each error component of elements to a system's accuracy and is crucial to upgrade the precision of optical systems in design stage.  相似文献   


18.
This article proposed a new hybrid algorithm for solving power flow tracing (PFT) through the comparison by other techniques. This proposed hybrid strategy in detail discuses over the achieved results. Both methods use the active and reactive power balance equations at each bus to solve the tracing problem, where the first method considers the proportional sharing assumption and the second one considers the circuit laws to find the relationship between power inflows and outflows through each line, generator, and load connected to each bus of the network. Both algorithms are able to handle loop flow and loss issues in tracing the problem. A mathematical formulation is also introduced to find the share of each unit in provision of each load. These algorithms are employed to find the producer and consumer's shares on the cost of transmission for each line in different case studies. As the results of these studies show, both algorithms can effectively solve the PFT problem. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 187–194, 2015  相似文献   

19.
引入了一种直线与三角形求交的简洁算法和区域块投影算法,有效地减少了真实感图形生成中光线与物体的求交计算时间。另外,采用区别对待高光区域和非高光区域等方法,解决了Gouraud浓淡算法不能生成高光效果的问题,改善了图形质量。  相似文献   

20.
A simple yet accurate model is developed for optical ray tracing in the surface layer of a refracting atmosphere. The model consists of a small number of concentric spherical layers or shells, the surface of each being isothermal. If the temperature is taken to vary linearly between the surfaces, then the curvature of nearly-horizontal rays is approximately constant within each layer. Replacement of circular by parabolic arcs produces simple quadratic expressions for the rays. The procedure is easily implemented on a minicomputer, and a compact version fits into a programmable pocket calculator. This is particularly convenient for checking field observations. An example is given, as well as a discussion on error sensitivity due to simplifying assumptions.  相似文献   

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