A family of Bernstein quasi-interpolants on [0,1]

Suppose that we want to approximate f∈C[0,1] by polynomials inP, using only its values on X_n={i/n, 0≤i≤n}. This can be done by the Lagrange interpolant L_n f or the classical Bernstein polynomial B_n f. But, when n tends to infinity, L_n f does not converge to f in general and the convergence of B_n f to f is very slow. We define a family of operators B _n ^(k) , n≥k, which are intermediate ones between B _n ⁽⁰⁾ =B _n ⁽¹⁾ =B_n and B _n ⁽ⁿ⁾ =L_n, and we study some of their properties. In particular, we prove a Voronovskaja-type theorem which asserts that B _n ^(k) f−f=O(n^−[(k+2)/2]) for f sufficiently regular. Moreover, B _n ^(k) f uses only values of B_n f and its derivaties and can be computed by De Casteljau or subdivision algorithms.     

A splitting theorem for connected moravaK-theories

LetX be a connected, locally finite spectrum and letk(n) (n>-1) denote the (−1)-connected cover of then-th MoravaK-Theory associated to the primep.k(n) is aBP-module spectrum with π_*(k(n)) ≅ ℤ _p [υ _n ] where |v _n | = 2(p ⁿ -1). We prove the following splitting theorem: Thek(n) ^*-torsion ofk(n) ^* (X) is already annihilated byv _n ^e (e≥1) if and only ifk(n)ΛX is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spectrak(n) and ^r k(n) (0≤r≤e-1) where ^r k(n) denotes ther-th Postnikov factor ofk(n). Moreover we investigate splitting conditions for ^r k(n)ΛX.     

TOPOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITIONS OF THE DUALS OF LOCALLY CONVEX VECTOR SEQUENCE SPACES

ABSTRACT

Let Λ be a scalar sequence space which is endowed with a normal locally convex topology. For a separated locally convex space E we denote by Λ(E) the vector space of all sequences g in E for which (>g(i),a<) ε Λ for all a ε E'. We define a locally convex topology ζ on Λ(E) and then characterize the dual of the ζ-closure (denoted by Λ_c (E)) of the finite sequences in Λ(E). We demonstrate the existence of a continuous projection from Λ(E)' onto a subspace of Λ(E)' which is isomorphic to Λ_c(E)'. Furthermore, we find a topological decomposition of Λ^α _c (E)”, where one of the factors is isomorphic to Λ;^α(E). These results are then applied to find necessary and sufficient conditions for Λ^α(E) to be semi-reflexive. A parallel development yields the same results for the space Λ(E') of all sequences f in E' for which (>x, f(i)<) ε Λ; for all x ε E, when E is barrelled. We conclude the paper by application of the results on vector sequence spaces to spaces of operators—including for instance, necessary and sufficient conditions for L_b (E,Λ;) and L_b (Λ,E) to be semi-reflexive.     

Some examples of random walks on free products of discrete groups

Summary We consider the random walk (X_n) associated with a probability p on a free product of discrete groups. Knowledge of the resolvent (or Green's function) of p yields theorems about the asymptotic behaviour of the n-step transition probabilities p^*n(x)=P(X_n= x¦ X₀=e) as n. Woess [15], Cartwright and Soardi [3] and others have shown that under quite general conditions there is behaviour of the type p^*n(x)C_x^– n n^– 3/2. Here we show on the other hand that if G is a free product of m copies ofZ ^r and if (X_n) is the « average » of the classical nearest neighbour random walk on each of the factorsZ ^r, then while it satisfies an « n^–3/2 — law » for r small relative to m, it switches to an n^– r/2 -law for large r. Using the same techniques, we give examples of irreducible probabilities (of infinite support) on the free groupZ ^*m which satisfyn ^– for .     

A modified BLM approach to quantum affine {\mathfrak{gl}_n}

We introduce a spanning set of Beilinson–Lusztig–MacPherson type, {A(j, r)} _A,j , for affine quantum Schur algebras S_\vartriangle(n, r){{{\boldsymbol{\mathcal S}}_\vartriangle}(n, r)} and construct a linearly independent set {A(j)} _A,j for an associated algebra [^(K)]_\vartriangle(n){{{\boldsymbol{\widehat{\mathcal K}}}_\vartriangle}(n)} . We then establish explicitly some multiplication formulas of simple generators E^\vartriangle_h,h+1(0){E^\vartriangle_{h,h+1}}(\mathbf{0}) by an arbitrary element A(j) in [^(K)]_\vartriangle(n){{\boldsymbol{\widehat{{{\mathcal K}}}}_\vartriangle(n)}} via the corresponding formulas in S_\vartriangle(n, r){{{\boldsymbol{\mathcal S}}_\vartriangle(n, r)}} , and compare these formulas with the multiplication formulas between a simple module and an arbitrary module in the Ringel–Hall algebras \mathfrak H_\vartriangle(n){{{\boldsymbol{\mathfrak H}_\vartriangle(n)}}} associated with cyclic quivers. This allows us to use the triangular relation between monomial and PBW type bases for \mathfrak H_\vartriangle(n){{\boldsymbol{\mathfrak H}}_\vartriangle}(n) established in Deng and Du (Adv Math 191:276–304, 2005) to derive similar triangular relations for S_\vartriangle(n, r){{{\boldsymbol{\mathcal S}}_\vartriangle}(n, r)} and [^(K)]_\vartriangle(n){{\boldsymbol{\widehat{\mathcal K}}}_\vartriangle}(n) . Using these relations, we then show that the subspace \mathfrak A_\vartriangle(n){{{\boldsymbol{\mathfrak A}}_\vartriangle}(n)} of [^(K)]_\vartriangle(n){{\boldsymbol{\widehat{{{\mathcal K}}}}_\vartriangle}(n)} spanned by {A(j)} _A,j contains the quantum enveloping algebra U_\vartriangle(n){{{\mathbf U}_\vartriangle}(n)} of affine type A as a subalgebra. As an application, we prove that, when this construction is applied to quantum Schur algebras S(n,r){\boldsymbol{\mathcal S}(n,r)} , the resulting subspace \mathfrak A_\vartriangle(n){{{{\boldsymbol{\mathfrak A}}_\vartriangle}(n)}} is in fact a subalgebra which is isomorphic to the quantum enveloping algebra of \mathfrakgl_n{\mathfrak{gl}_n} . We conjecture that \mathfrak A_\vartriangle(n){{{{{\boldsymbol{\mathfrak A}}_\vartriangle}(n)}}} is a subalgebra of [^(K)]_\vartriangle(n){{\boldsymbol{\widehat{{{\mathcal K}}}}_\vartriangle}(n)} .     

Asymptotic Behavior of the Maximum of Sums of I.I.D. Random Variables along Monotone Blocks

Let {X_i, Y_i}_i=1,2,... be an i.i.d. sequence of bivariate random vectors with P(Y₁ = y) = 0 for all y. Put M_n(j) = max_0≤k≤n-j (X_k+1 + ... X_k+j)I_k,j, where I_k,k+j = I{Y_k+1 < ⋯ < Y_k+j} denotes the indicator function for the event in brackets, 1 ≤ j ≤ n. Let L_n be the largest index l ≤ n for which I_k,k+l = 1 for some k = 0, 1, ..., n - l. The strong law of large numbers for “the maximal gain over the longest increasing runs,” i.e., for M_n(L_n) has been recently derived for the case where X₁ has a finite moment of order 3 + ε, ε > 0. Assuming that X₁ has a finite mean, we prove for any a = 0, 1, ..., that the s.l.l.n. for M(L_n - a) is equivalent to EX ₁ ^3+a I{X₁ > 0} < ∞. We derive also some new results for the a.s. asymptotics of L_n. Bibliography: 5 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 311, 2004, pp. 179–189.     

REPRESENTATIONS OF A CLASS OF DRINFELD'S DOUBLES

Let k be a field and A_n(ω) be the Taft's n²-dimensional Hopf algebra. When n is odd, the Drinfeld quantum double D(A_n(ω)) of A_n(ω) is a ribbon Hopf algebra. In the previous articles, we constructed an n₄-dimensional Hopf algebra H_n(p, q) which is isomorphic to D(A_n(ω)) if p ≠ 0 and q = ω^?1 , and studied the irreducible representations of H_n(1, q) and the finite dimensional representations of H₃(1, q). In this article, we examine the finite-dimensional representations of H_n(l q), equivalently, of D(A_n(ω)) for any n ≥ 2. We investigate the indecomposable left H_n(1, q)-module, and describe the structures and properties of all indecomposable modules and classify them when k is algebraically closed. We also give all almost split sequences in mod H_n(1, q), and the Auslander-Reiten-quiver of H_n(1 q).     

A conglomerate of exponential supercategories of the category of finitely generated topological spaces

Summary For every ordinaln > 1 we define a categoryT _n of topological spaces in ech's sense which is isomorphic to a category ofn-ary monorelational systems. We show that every categoryT _n is an exponential supercategory of the categoryB of finitely generated topological spaces, which means that well-behaved function spacesG ^H can be defined inT _n wheneverG B.     

Some congruences for the Apery numbers

In 1979 R. Apéry introduced the numbers a_n = Σ₀ⁿ(_kⁿ)²(_k^{n + k}) and u_n = Σ₀ⁿ(_kⁿ)²(_k^{n + k})² in his irrationality proof for ζ(2) and ζ(3). We prove some congruences for these numbers which generalize congruences previously published in this journal.     

Linear Independence of q-Analogues of Certain Classical Constants

Let K be ? or an imaginary quadratic number field, and q ∈ K an integer with ¦q¦ > 1. We give a quantitative version of Σ_n≥1 a_n/(qⁿ ? 1) ? K for non-zero periodic sequences (a_n) in K of period length ≤ 2. As a corollary, we get a quantitative version of the linear independence over K of 1, the q-harmonic series, and a q-analogue of log 2. A similar result on 1, the q-harmonic series, and a q-analogue of ζ(2) is also proved. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 11J72, 11J82     

类对称函数的Schur凸性和不等式

对x = (x₁, x₂,···, x_n) ∈ (0,1)ⁿ 和 r ∈ {1, 2,···, n} 定义对称函数 F_n(x, r) = F_n(x₁, x₂,···, x_n; r) =∏_{1≤i1∑j=1^r(1+xi3/1- xi3)^1/r, 其中i1, i2, ···, ir 是整数. 该文证明了Fn(x, r) 是(0,1)ⁿ 上的Schur凸、Schur乘性凸和Schur调和凸函数. 作为应用,利用控制理论建立了若干不等式.}     

On the weak non-defectivity of veronese embeddings of projective spaces

Fix integers n, x, k such that n≥3, k>0, x≥4, (n, x)≠(3, 4) and k(n+1)<( _n ^n+x ). Here we prove that the order x Veronese embedding ofP ⁿ is not weakly (k−1)-defective, i.e. for a general S⊃P ⁿ such that #(S) = k+1 the projective space | I _2S (x)| of all degree t hypersurfaces ofP ⁿ singular at each point of S has dimension ( _n ^/n+x )−1− k(n+1) (proved by Alexander and Hirschowitz) and a general F∈| I _2S (x)| has an ordinary double point at each P∈ S and Sing (F)=S. The author was partially supported by MIUR and GNSAGA of INdAM (Italy).     

k-Sets, Convex Quadrilaterals, and the Rectilinear Crossing Number of Kn

We use circular sequences to give an improved lower bound on the minimum number of (≤ k)-sets in a set of points in general position. We then use this to show that if S is a set of n points in general position, then the number □(S) of convex quadrilaterals determined by the points in S is at least 0.37553(ⁿ₄) + O(n³). This in turn implies that the rectilinear crossing number cr(K_n) of the complete graph K_nis at least 0.37553(ⁿ₄) + O(n³), and that Sylvester's Four Point Problem Constant is at least 0.37553. These improved bounds refine results recently obtained by Abrego and Fernandez-Merchant and by Lovasz, Vesztergombi, Wagner, and Welzl.     

A NON-LINEAR ℓ 1 PROBLEM

Abstract

In this note we consider a non-linear problem posed to the author in a private communication with Per Enflo: If a normed space X contains a non-linear ? ₁ ⁽ⁿ⁾-cube (where n ≥ 2 is a natural number) does it necessarily contain a linear isometric copy of ? ₁ ⁽ⁿ⁾?

We exhibit a strong regularity property of non-linear ? ₁ ⁽ⁿ⁾ cubes and apply it to obtain an affirmative answer to Enflo's problem in the setting X = l _∞ ^(m) that, moreover, coincides precisely with well known linear theory.     

Transcendental division algebras and simple Noetherian rings

In this paper we prove the following theorem: Let D be a division ring with center the field k, and let k (x ₁, …, x_n) denote the rational function field in n variables over k. If D contains a maximal subfield which has transcendence degree at least n over k, then D ⊗_k k (x₁, …, x_n) is a simple Noetherian domain of Krull and global dimensions n. Rather surprisingly, the preceding result can be used to determine the maximum transcendence degrees of the commutative subalgebras of several classically studied division rings. Using the theorem we prove, for example, that in the division ring of quotients of the Weyl algebra,A _n, every maximal subfield has transcendence degree at mostn over the center.     

Integral Schur algebras forGL 2

The structure of Schur algebrasS(2,r) over the integral domainZ is intensively studied from the quasi-hereditary algebra point of view. We introduce certain new bases forS(2,r) and show that the Schur algebraS(2,r) modulo any ideal in the defining sequence is still such a Schur algebra of lower degree inr. A Wedderburn-Artin decomposition ofS _K (2,r) over a fieldK of characteristic 0 is described. Finally, we investigate the extension groups between two Weyl modules and classify the indecomposable Weyl-filtered modules for the Schur algebrasS _Zp(2,r) withr<p ² . Research supported by ARC Large Grant L20.24210     

TWO RESULTS ON GENERALIZED CHROMATIC NUMBERS

Abstract

The m'th chromatic number X_m(G) of a graph G is the least number of colours required to colour the vertices of G such that no m-clique of G is mono-coloured. For each k ≥ 2 and m ≥ 2 we determine for which r a graph G with m'th chromatic number k and clique number r exists. We also determine for which n a graph G exists with X_n (G + K) = X_m (G) = k.     

Uniqueness of twisted linear periods and twisted Shalika periods

Let k be a local field of characteristic zero.Letπbe an irreducible admissible smooth representation of GL2 n(k).We prove that for all but countably many charactersχ’s of GLn(k)×GLn(k),the space ofχ-equivariant(continuous in the archimedean case)linear functionals onπis at most one dimensional.Using this,we prove the uniqueness of twisted Shalika models.     

General symbolic powers: A homological point of view

Let I be an ideal of a Noetherian ring R and let S be a multiplicatively closed subset of R. We define the n-th (S)-symbolic power of 7 as S(Iⁿ) = IⁿR_s ∩R. The purpose of this paper is to compare the topologies defined by the adic {I_n}_n≤0 and the (S)-symbolic filtration {S(Iⁿ)}n≥o using the direct system {Extⁱ _R(R/Iⁿ,R)}_n≥0