基于模糊支持向量机的企业关系价值分级度量研究

针对合作制造企业间关系的特点,界定了企业关系价值的基本内涵.通过对企业关系价值度量维度划分,建立了企业关系价值的度量指标体系.在此基础上,采用模糊支持向量机方法建立了企业关系价值分级度量模型,并对其进行了分级度量.实验结果表明,该方法不仅能有效地度量出企业关系价值的级别,而且可以作为企业制定合作战略和决策的依据.     

模糊非径向DEA模型的可信度求解

传统的DEA模型(CCR、BCC)的径向效率度量是不完全的.它们只是分别地度量输入效率与输出效率,且效率度量没有考虑非零的输入松弛与输出松弛.修正的Russell方法消除了这些缺陷.基于修正的Russell方法,利用可信度方法,模糊DEA模型得以建立并求解.一个算例佐证了这一方法.     

绩效度量的一致性、敏感性及准确性关系研究

将环境的波动性和度量噪音看作是影响绩效度量的两类不同的随机误差,在Linear-exponential-normal框架下,建立了以价值绩效度量和补偿绩效度量的线性组合为基础的收益激励模型,并分析了激励强度与绩效度量的一致性、敏感性和准确性之间的关系,以及环境波动性对上述关系的影响.研究发现,在确定性环境条件下,激励强度与绩效度量的"信号噪音比"成正比关系,但绩效度量的一致性的提高并不必然增加该度量指标在激励契约中的权重,而要视敏感性或噪音相对于一致性的变化幅度来定.特别地,在绩效度量的敏感性与一致性之间并不存在权衡取舍关系.研究还发现,波动性与激励强度之间存在负向关系,且波动性的存在降低了绩效度量的一致性和敏感性,但波动性对绩效度量的准确性的影响则呈非单调性变化.     

基于ANP-Fuzzy模型的农产品供应链风险评价研究

供应链风险大小直接影响供应链运作的效率和效益.现有的农产品供应链风险评价研究文献中对农产品供应链风险的系统度量研究不多.提出了农产品供应链风险评价体系,从种植、组织、流通、加工、供应、需求、环境七个方面构建了农产品供应链风险评价指标体系,运用ANP法确定指标权重,构建了基于ANP-Fuzzy模型的农产品供应.链风险评价方法,在此基础上,对农产品供应链风险进行实证分析,说明模型的实用性.     

我国跨境电商上市企业经营效率研究——基于三阶段DEA-Malmquist指数方法

以33家跨境电商上市企业为研究对象,基于三阶段DEA和Malmquist指数模型从静态和动态两个角度出发,对2013-2018年我国跨境电商上市企业的综合效率、全要素生产效率指数及两者的分解效率进行测度并对比分析,同时分析了宏观经济环境、政府干预和企业自身经营情况等因素对经营效率的影响.结果表明:样本企业经营效率存在个体差异,且外部环境对其经营效率具有显著影响;纯技术效率和规模效率参差不齐是导致综合技术效率分化严重的主要原因.基于此,跨境电商上市企业应积极配合政策变化,加强营销能力,及时调整经营规模,以防范宏观经济风险,提高企业经营效率.     

Vague集相似度量模型

Vague集的相似度量在模糊推理、模式识别、聚类分析、决策分析等领域的广泛运用,要求所建立的vague集相似度量模型具有较高的区分度及度量结果合乎人的直觉.基于此要求,首先对已有Vague值的相似度量模型在区分度上的不足进行了分析.然后,在分析地基础上,提出了vague值的相似度量建模须考虑的因素.最后建立了Vague集的相似度量模型.数值实验表明,新模型具有较好的区分度,能克服已有模型在区分度上的不足.     

供应链金融、盈余管理与企业融资效率

本文以我国2014—2019年间沪深A股主板非金融类上市公司为研究样本，采用真实盈余管理模型和修正-Jones模型分别度量企业的真实和应计盈余管理，并通过主成分分析提取综合指标衡量融资效率，实证检验了供应链金融、盈余管理对企业融资效率的影响，以及供应链金融与盈余管理对融资效率的交互影响，并按企业规模、企业所有制属性对上述影响进行深入考察。研究发现，高质量的供应链金融有利于改善企业融资效率；企业内部盈余管理会抑制融资效率的提高；上述两种影响在大规模、国有企业中表现更突出。进一步的研究发现，供应链金融与真实盈余管理对融资效率的影响存在显著的替代效应，这种替代效应在小规模、国有企业中更显著。     

多总体死亡率差异风险度量——以ILS债券为例

在回顾多总体动态死亡率预测模型研究成果的基础上,简要评述了已有模型的适应情况和假设条件,并依此构建了死亡率差异风险的度量模型.此后,并以ILS债券为例,利用HMD数据库中英国和美国人口死亡率数据,使用构建的死亡率差异风险度量模型,测量了ILS债券中的死亡率差异风险.定量分析结果显示:ILS为投资者设定了较高的安全阀值,保障了ILS的成功发行.     

产业转移与中国环境效率协同效应研究

产业转移促进经济发展,但引起环境问题同样不可小觑.首先应用SBMDEA模型衡量2004-2014年中国其中30个省份环境效率变化趋势.其次,借用面板模型,分析产业转移对于环境效率影响.结果表明:生产性服务业转移促进中国环境效率改善,但不同类型产业转移对于不同区域环境效率影响存在差异;污染产业转移改善东部地区环境效率,恶化中、西部地区环境效率,而生产性服务业转移有利于中、东部地区环境效率提高,对于西部地区环境效率改善却产生负面影响.     

基于极值分布理论的WVaR度量研究及实证分析

本文研究了基于极值分布理论的WVaR度量方法在金融风险度量中的应用.采用广义Pareto模型的WVaR方法,对上证综合指数、深证成分指数、标准普尔指数、纳斯达克指数进行了风险度量研究.实证分析结果表明,对比于其他没有考虑投资者风险偏好的度量方法,含有投资者风险偏好的WVaR更能准确地度量金融市场的风险情况.在同一市场环境下,风险值相差不大,存在共动性,国内新兴市场风险值比国外相对发达稳定市场的风险值要大.     

环境规制强度影响能源效率的门槛效应研究——基于PSTR模型

利用非径向-SBM和CCR模型测算了我国30个省市(暂不包括西藏和港澳台地区)2007-2016年间的环境规制强度以及能源效率,构建面板平滑转移回归模型(PSTR),分析了环境规制强度对我国能源效率的连续非线性变化的影响.研究结果显示,全国环境规制强度对我国能源效率存在非线性效应,二者之间呈倒“U”型关系.环境规制强度小于门槛值0.6376时,环境规制对能源效率产生创新补偿效应,当环境规制强度高于门槛值0.6376时,环境规制对能源效率产生遵循成本效应.而我国东西部地区的环境规制强度与地区能源效率间却存在着与之相反的“U”型效应.     

Measuring environmental efficiency of thermoelectric power plants: a common equilibrium efficient frontier DEA approach with fixed-sum undesirable output

China’s rapid development in economy has intensified many problems. One of the most important issues is the problem of environmental pollution. In this paper, a new DEA approach is proposed to measure the environmental efficiency of thermoelectric power plants, considering undesirable outputs. First, we assume that the total amount of undesirable outputs of any particular type is limited and fixed to current levels. In contrast to previous studies, this study requires fixed-sum undesirable outputs. In addition, the common equilibrium efficient frontier is constructed by using different input/output multipliers (or weights) for each different decision making unit (DMU), while previous approaches which considered fixed-sum outputs assumed a common input/output multiplier for all DMUs. The proposed method is applied to measure the environmental efficiencies of 30 thermoelectric power plants in mainland China. Our empirical study shows that half of the plants perform well in terms of environmental efficiency.

     

DEA environmental assessment: Measurement of damages to scale with unified efficiency under managerial disposability or environmental efficiency

This study proposes a use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for environmental assessment. Firms usually produce not only desirable but also undesirable outputs as a result of their economic activities. The concept of disposability on undesirable outputs is separated into natural and managerial disposability. Natural disposability is an environmental strategy in which firms decrease their inputs to reduce a vector of undesirable outputs. Given the reduced input vector, they attempt to increase desirable outputs as much as possible. Managerial disposability involves the opposite strategy of increasing an input vector. The concept of disposability expresses an environmental strategy that considers a regulation change on undesirable outputs as a new business opportunity. Firms attempt to improve their unified (operational and environmental) performance by utilizing new technology and/or new management. Considering the two disposability concepts, this study discusses how to measure unified efficiency under managerial disposability and then discusses how to measure environmental efficiency. The proposed uses of DEA can serve as an empirical basis for measuring new economic concepts such as “Scale Damages (SD)”, corresponding to scale economies for undesirable outputs, and “Damages to Scale (DTS)”, corresponding to returns to scale for undesirable outputs.     

基于三阶段DEA的独角兽上市企业创新效率评价

以中国64家独角兽上市企业为样本,采用三阶段DEA模型对独角兽企业的创新效率进行有效测算。结果表明,企业规模、成立年限、政府补贴、研发人员素质、外商直接投资和地区经济发展水平的提高有助于企业创新效率的提升,而产权性质、股权集中度则制约了企业创新效率的改进;清除环境影响和统计噪声后,多数企业的创新效率与纯技术效率上升,但仍处于较低水平。本文的实证结果有助于进一步提升独角兽企业的创新效率,也为独角兽企业后续的研究提供新的视角。     

基于DEA三阶段模型的两型农业生产效率研究

农业生产技术效率通常受到管理效率、环境特征和随机误差的影响,管理效率因素是内生的,环境特征和随机误差两个因素是外生的.为了剥离这两个外生因素对效率值的影响,区分并测算这三种因素对生产效率的具体作用,可以利用三阶段DEA模型对"两型农业"生产效率进行研究.通过采用DEA三阶段模型去除了环境因素和随机影响,以2008年湖南省14个市州为例,测算了"两型农业"生产的综合效率,并依据实证分析的结果,提出了相应的促进两型农业发展的政策建议.     

On the measurement of technical efficiency in the public sector

Existing measures of technical inefficiency obtained through linear programming models in the public sector do not properly control for environmental variables that affect production. It will be shown that the consequences of not controlling for these fixed factors are biased estimates of technical efficiency. This paper extends the mathematical programming approach to frontier estimation known as Data Envelopment Analysis to allow for environmental variables. This modified model will be then contrasted with the existing model that purportedly controls for exogeneous factors to measure public sector efficiency with simulated data. The results provide evidence that the existing Data Envelopment Analysis model will overestimate the level of technical inefficiency and that the modified model developed in this paper does a better job controlling for exogenous factors. The modified model is also applied to analyze the technical efficiency of school districts.     

Designing performance incentives, an international benchmark study in the water sector

Cross-country comparisons avoid the unsteady equilibrium in which regulators have to balance between economies of scale and a sufficient number of remaining comparable utilities. By the use of data envelopment analysis, we compare the efficiency of the drinking water sector in the Netherlands, England and Wales, Australia, Portugal and Belgium. After introducing a procedure to measure the homogeneity of an industry, robust order-m partial frontiers are used to detect outlying observations. By applying bootstrapping algorithms, bias-corrected first and second stage results are estimated. Our results suggest that incentive regulation in the sense of regulatory and benchmark incentive schemes have a significant positive effect on efficiency. By suitably adapting the conditional efficiency measures of Daraio and Simar (Advanced robust and nonparametric methods in efficiency analysis. Springer, New York 2007) to the bias corrected estimates of Simar and Wilson (Manage Sci, 44(1): 49–61, 1998), we incorporate environmental variables directly into the efficiency estimates. We firstly equalize the social, physical and institutional environment, and secondly, deduce the effect of incentive schemes on utilities as they would work under similar conditions. The analysis demonstrates that in absence of clear and structural incentives the average efficiency of the utilities falls in comparison with utilities which are encouraged by incentives.     

Random effects logistic regression model for ranking efficiency in data envelopment analysis

Ranking efficiency based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) results can be used for grouping decision-making units (DMUs). The resulting group membership can be partly related to the environmental characteristics of DMU, which are not used either as input or output. Utilizing the expert knowledge on super efficiency DEA results, we propose a multinomial Dirichlet regression model, which can be used for the purpose of selection of new projects. A case study is presented in the context of ranking analysis of new information technology commercialization projects. It is expected that our proposed approach can complement the DEA ranking results with environmental factors and at the same time it facilitates the prediction of efficiency of new DMUs with only given environmental characteristics.     

Unified process assessment for resources use and waste emissions by coal-fired power generation

A unified process assessment is carried out to integrate various resources and emissions associated with the life cycle of typical coal-fired power generation systems, based on the thermodynamic concept of exergy as a common objective measure. For a comprehensive assessment of industrial production systems, three indicators termed as ecological efficiency, resources use efficiency and environmental emission intensity are devised to evaluate the overall efficacy. Concretely assessed in the present work are three typical modes of coal-fired power generation systems, i.e., the Average mode that represents the average emissions and efficiency of coal-fired power plants operating in the US in 1999, the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) mode that meets the New Source Performance Standards, and the low emission boiler system (LEBS) mode as a kind of highly advanced coal-fired power plant utilizing a low emission boiler, as benchmark cases in related NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) report.     

Nonparametric estimation of returns to scale in the public sector with an application to the provision of educational services

Nonparametric programming models have been developed to measure technical efficiency and scale economies. The programming models used for public sector applications, however, are based on standard private sector production theory. In the public sector environmental variables have a significant impact on the provision of public services. Without controlling for these environmental factors point estimates of efficiency and returns to scale will be biased. This paper extends nonparametric methods to allow measurement of returns to scale in the provision of public services. The method is applied to the provision of educational services in New York State school districts for illustrative purposes.