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1.
正规化扩张和模   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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2.
邓培民 《应用数学》1998,11(3):114-117
本文首先介绍了co-*-模的概念和刻划了凝聚环的一些性质,然后刻划了凝聚环上的cotilting模。  相似文献   

3.
4.
关于局部Noether模   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文证明了如下结果:左 R-模 M是局部 Noether模当且仅当σ[M]中的任意M-内射左R-模的直和是一个有限余生成左R-模和一个拟连续(或连续,直内射)左R-模的直和.  相似文献   

5.
本文证明,如果R是一个Noether完备半局部环,则R-模M是Noether(Artin)模当且仅当对任意ArtinR-模N,Hom R(M, N)是Artin(Noether)模.  相似文献   

6.
用模的拟内射性对两类环进行刻画   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刘仲奎 《东北数学》1991,7(2):141-149
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7.
刘仲奎 《数学杂志》2001,21(4):387-390
设M是左R-模,本文证明了M是局部Noether的当且仅当σ[M]中的任意M-内射左R-模的直和是S∧2-连续的(S∧2-拟连续的)。  相似文献   

8.
F-V-环的广义内射性刻划   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘仲奎 《数学学报》1995,38(2):200-206
设F是含单位元的结合环R上的左Gabriel拓朴,称R是F-V-环,如果商范畴(R,F)-Mod中的所有单对象都是内射对象。本文我们利用左R-模的vN-内射性及拟内射性给出F-V-环的特征刻划。  相似文献   

9.
设F是含单位元的结合环R上的左Gabriel拓朴,称R是F-V-环,如果商范畴(R,F)-Mod中的所有单对象都是内射对象。本文我们利用左R-模的vN-内射性及拟内射性给出F-V-环的特征刻划。  相似文献   

10.
广义FP—内射模、广义平坦模与某些环   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
左(右)R-模A称为GFP-内射模,如果ExtR(M,A)=0对任-2-表现R-模M成立;左(右)R-模称为G-平坦的,如果Tor1^R(M,A)=0(Tor1^R(AM)=0)对于任一2-表现右(左)R-模M成立;环R称左(右)R-半遗传环,如果投射左(右)R-模的有限表现子模是投射的,环R称为左(右)G-正而环,如果自由左(右)R-模的有限表现子模为其直和项,研究了GFP-内射模和G-平坦模的一些性质,给出了它们的一些等价刻划,并利用它们刻划了凝聚环,G-半遗传环和G-正则环。  相似文献   

11.
We consider a productive asset, called equipment or capital good, and we examine the properties of, as well as the interactions between, the operating policies, which are determined by its optimal utilization and maintenance, and the capital policy of scrapping, which defines the optimal time when the productive asset is retired from its current use. Starting with an abstract model and using the approach of optimal control, initially we characterize the various types of equipment by assigning to them a single total profit index, which indicates how the above policies affect the flow of operating revenues plus capital gains or losses. This index is a function of market-determined prices. So using it we then investigate how the operating and capital policies are influenced by the rate of discount, the price of new equipment, and the rise or fall of the price of new equipment relative to the value of its output. Among other interesting results, we find that the effects of these prices on the nature and interactions of optimal policies depend crucially on whether the equipment is of the usual profit making type, where output is the main source of revenue, or of the antique type, where the main source of revenue is capital gains.  相似文献   

12.
It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.  相似文献   

13.
The influence of displacements of tensioned fibers on the impregnation of fibrous layers with a polymer melt and on the final composite structure is studied. Using computer simulation, it is shown that, during impregnation, the structure of tensioned fibrous layers changes considerably depending on the initial arrangement and tensioning of fibers. The consolidated regions formed under the melt front move inside the impregnated layer with the advancing melt front. Displacement of the tensioned fibers as well as the formation of “washouts” favors the impregnation of internal layers, but cause significant inhomogeneity of the polymer structure. The surface (on the side of the melt flow) regions are more saturated with the polymer than the internal ones. A difference in the melt percolation mechanisms at various impregnation regimes is revealed. The effective permeability coefficients of a tensioned fiber layer are not constant but depend on the conditions and regimes of impregnation. Submitted to the 11th Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 259–270, March–April, 2000.  相似文献   

14.
Summary DCT Given a finite set of points in an Euclidean space the \emph{spanning tree} is a tree of minimal length having the given points as vertices. The length of the tree is the sum of the distances of all connected point pairs of the tree. The clustering tree with a given length of a given finite set of points is the spanning tree of an appropriately chosen other set of points approximating the given set of points with minimal sum of square distances among all spanning trees with the given length. DCM A matrix of real numbers is said to be column monotone orderable if there exists an ordering of columns of the matrix such that all rows of the matrix become monotone after ordering. The {\emph{monotone sum of squares of a matrix}} is the minimum of sum of squares of differences of the elements of the matrix and a column monotone orderable matrix where the minimum is taken on the set of all column monotone orderable matrices. Decomposition clusters of monotone orderings of a matrix is a clustering ofthe rows of the matrix into given number of clusters such that thesum of monotone sum of squares of the matrices formed by the rowsof the same cluster is minimal.DCP A matrix of real numbers is said to be column partitionable if there exists a partition of the columns such that the elements belonging to the same subset of the partition are equal in each row. Given a partition of the columns of a matrix the partition sum of squares of the matrix is the minimum of the sum of square of differences of the elements of the matrix and a column partitionable matrix where the minimum is taken on the set of all column partitionable matrices. Decomposition of the rows of a matrix into clusters of partitions is the minimization of the corresponding partition sum of squares given the number of clusters and the sizes of the subsets of the partitions.  相似文献   

15.
The theorem proved in this paper gives a congruence for the traces of powers of an algebraic integer for the case in which the exponent of the power is a prime power. The theorem implies a congruence in Gauss’ form for the traces of the sums of powers of algebraic integers, generalizing many familiar versions of Fermat’s little theorem. Applied to the traces of integer matrices, this gives a proof of Arnold’s conjecture about the congruence of the traces of powers of such matrices for the case in which the exponent of the power is a prime power.  相似文献   

16.
彭忠益  王艳 《运筹与管理》2020,29(7):144-155
定量的评判城市老旧居住小区整体交通环境质量并进而科学有效的提出老旧小区交通环境更新与改善措施,对城市老旧居住小区交通环境进行了调查,明确了老旧居住小区存在的突出交通问题,并提出了城市老旧居住小区交通环境评价的指标体系,包括行人跨路出行指数、无人行道路段长度占比、停车泊位供需比、路内非法停车占比、平均停车步行距离、泊位数量户数比、人均步行空间、无障碍通道、盲道设置比例、非机动车泊位供需比、地面停放车辆数小区面积比、外部穿行交通周转量小区面积比等。并给出了具体指标的计算方法与获得办法。以长沙市四个典型老旧居住小区为例,对评价方法进行了论证,并得到城市老旧居住小区存在的一般问题,包括人车混杂、人车交织现象严重,停车泊位短缺、车辆乱停乱放,交通设施、特别是弱势群体交通设施缺乏。给出的评价指标、评价方法与结论可为城市老旧小区改造更新,特别是其中很重要的交通环境更新提供决策依据。  相似文献   

17.
We characterize the existence of the Bishop boundary in the context of an Urysohn (topological) algebra, by means ofG δ points. Considering a subset of its spectrum and the restriction of its Gel'fand transform algebra on the previous subset, we realize its Bishop boundary, as the trace of the Bishop boundary of the initial algebra on the spectrum of the restriction algebra. We get a generalization of the latter by considering a continuous algebra morphism. This paper is based on and extends results of the author's Doctoral Thesis, written under the supervision of Professor A. Mallios (Univ. of Athens).  相似文献   

18.
We combine aspects of the theory of motives in algebraic geometry with noncommutative geometry and the classification of factors to obtain a cohomological interpretation of the spectral realization of zeros of L-functions. The analogue in characteristic zero of the action of the Frobenius on ?-adic cohomology is the action of the scaling group on the cyclic homology of the cokernel (in a suitable category of motives) of a restriction map of noncommutative spaces. The latter is obtained through the thermodynamics of the quantum statistical system associated to an endomotive (a noncommutative generalization of Artin motives). Semigroups of endomorphisms of algebraic varieties give rise canonically to such endomotives, with an action of the absolute Galois group. The semigroup of endomorphisms of the multiplicative group yields the Bost-Connes system, from which one obtains, through the above procedure, the desired cohomological interpretation of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. In the last section we also give a Lefschetz formula for the archimedean local L-factors of arithmetic varieties.  相似文献   

19.
Two polyester-based polymer concretes with various volume content of diabase as an extender and aggregate are tested in creep under compression at different stress levels. The phenomenological and structural approaches are both used to analyze the experimental data. Common features of changes in the instantaneous and creep compliances are clarified, and a phenomenological creep model which accounts for the changes in the instantaneous compliance and in the retardation spectrum depending on the stress level is developed. It is shown that the model can be used to describe the experimental results of stress relaxation and creep under repeated loading. Modeling of the composite structure and subsequent solution of the optimization problem confirm the possibility of the existence of an interphase layer more compliant than the binder. A direct correlation between the interphase volume content and the instantaneous compliance of the composite is revealed. It is found that the distinction in nonlinearity of the viscoelastic behavior of the two polymer concretes under investigation can be due to the difference in their porosity. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000.) Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 147–164, 2000.  相似文献   

20.
Peridynamics via finite element analysis   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Peridynamics is a recently developed theory of solid mechanics that replaces the partial differential equations of the classical continuum theory with integral equations. Since the integral equations remain valid in the presence of discontinuities such as cracks, the method has the potential to model fracture and damage with great generality and without the complications of mathematical singularities that plague conventional continuum approaches. Although a discretized form of the peridynamic integral equations has been implemented in a meshless code called EMU, the objective of the present paper is to describe how the peridynamic model can also be implemented in a conventional finite element analysis (FEA) code using truss elements. Since FEA is arguably the most widely used tool for structural analysis, this implementation may hasten the verification of peridynamics and significantly broaden the range of problems that the practicing analyst might attempt. Also, the present work demonstrates that different subregions of a model can be solved with either the classical partial differential equations or the peridynamic equations in the same calculation thus combining the efficiency of FEA with the generality of peridynamics. Several example problems show the equivalency of the FEA and the meshless peridynamic approach as well as demonstrate the utility and robustness of the method for problems involving fracture, damage and penetration.  相似文献   

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