Existence of positive solutions to Kirchhoff type problems with zero mass

The existence of positive solutions depending on a nonnegative parameter λ to Kirchhoff type problems with zero mass is proved by using variational method, and the new result does not require usual compactness conditions. A priori estimate and a Pohozaev type identity are used to obtain the bounded Palais–Smale sequences for constant coefficient nonlinearity, while a cut-off functional and Pohozaev type identity are utilized to obtain the bounded Palais–Smale sequences for the variable-coefficient case.     

Balanced optimization problems

Suppose we are given a finite set E, a family F of ‘feasible’ subsets of E and a real weight c(e) associated with every e?E. We consider the problem of finding S?F for which max {c(e)?c(e′): e, e′ ?S} is minimized. In other words, the differenc value between the largest and smallest value used should be as small as possible. We show that if we can efficiently answer the feasibility question then we can efficiently solve the optimization problem. We specialize these results to assignment problems and thereby obtain on O(n⁴) algorithm for ‘balanced’ assignment problems.     

Inverse indefinite Sturm-Liouville problems with three spectra

We prove that the potential q(x) of an indefinite Sturm-Liouville problem on the closed interval [a,b] with the indefinite weight function w(x) can be determined uniquely by three spectra, which are generated by the indefinite problem defined on [a,b] and two right-definite problems defined on [a,0] and [0,b], where point 0 lies in (a,b) and is the turning point of the weight function w(x).     

On generalized operator quasi-equilibrium problems

In this paper, we will introduce the generalized operator equilibrium problem and generalized operator quasi-equilibrium problem which generalize the operator equilibrium problem due to Kazmi and Raouf [K.R. Kazmi, A. Raouf, A class of operator equilibrium problems, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 308 (2005) 554-564] into multi-valued and quasi-equilibrium problems. Using a Fan-Browder type fixed point theorem in [S. Park, Foundations of the KKM theory via coincidences of composites of upper semicontinuous maps, J. Korean Math. Soc. 31 (1994) 493-519] and an existence theorem of equilibrium for 1-person game in [X.-P. Ding, W.K. Kim, K.-K. Tan, Equilibria of non-compact generalized games with L^∗-majorized preferences, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 164 (1992) 508-517] as basic tools, we prove new existence theorems on generalized operator equilibrium problem and generalized operator quasi-equilibrium problem which includes operator equilibrium problems.     

Vertex Turán problems in the hypercube

Let Qn be the n-dimensional hypercube: the graph with vertex set n{0,1} and edges between vertices that differ in exactly one coordinate. For 1?d?n and F⊆d{0,1} we say that S⊆n{0,1} is F-free if every embedding satisfies i(F)?S. We consider the question of how large S⊆n{0,1} can be if it is F-free. In particular we generalise the main prior result in this area, for F=²{0,1}, due to E.A. Kostochka and prove a local stability result for the structure of near-extremal sets.We also show that the density required to guarantee an embedded copy of at least one of a family of forbidden configurations may be significantly lower than that required to ensure an embedded copy of any individual member of the family.Finally we show that any subset of the n-dimensional hypercube of positive density will contain exponentially many points from some embedded d-dimensional subcube if n is sufficiently large.     

Matrix Riemann-Hilbert problems and factorization on Riemann surfaces

The Wiener-Hopf factorization of 2×2 matrix functions and its close relation to scalar Riemann-Hilbert problems on Riemann surfaces is investigated. A family of function classes denoted C(Q₁,Q₂) is defined. To each class C(Q₁,Q₂) a Riemann surface Σ is associated, so that the factorization of the elements of C(Q₁,Q₂) is reduced to solving a scalar Riemann-Hilbert problem on Σ. For the solution of this problem, a notion of Σ-factorization is introduced and a factorization theorem is presented. An example of the factorization of a function belonging to the group of exponentials of rational functions is studied. This example may be seen as typical of applications of the results of this paper to finite-dimensional integrable systems.     

Continuous dependence on modeling for nonlinear ill-posed problems

The nonlinear ill-posed Cauchy problem , where A is a positive self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space H, χ∈H, and h:[0,T)×H→H is a uniformly Lipschitz function, is studied in order to establish continuous dependence results for solutions to approximate well-posed problems. The authors show here that solutions of the problem, if they exist, depend continuously on solutions to corresponding approximate well-posed problems, if certain stabilizing conditions are imposed. The approximate problem is given by , v(0)=χ, for suitable functions f. The main result is that , where C and M are computable constants independent of β and 0<β<1. This work extends to the nonlinear case earlier results by the authors and by Ames and Hughes.     

Initial value/boundary value problems for fractional diffusion-wave equations and applications to some inverse problems

We consider initial value/boundary value problems for fractional diffusion-wave equation: , where 0<α?2, where L is a symmetric uniformly elliptic operator with t-independent smooth coefficients. First we establish the unique existence of the weak solution and the asymptotic behavior as the time t goes to ∞ and the proofs are based on the eigenfunction expansions. Second for α∈(0,1), we apply the eigenfunction expansions and prove (i) stability in the backward problem in time, (ii) the uniqueness in determining an initial value and (iii) the uniqueness of solution by the decay rate as t→∞, (iv) stability in an inverse source problem of determining t-dependent factor in the source by observation at one point over (0,T).     

Finite difference methods for half inverse Sturm-Liouville problems

We investigate finite difference solution of the Hochstadt-Lieberman problem for a Sturm-Liouville operator defined on (0, π): given the value of the potential q on (c, π), where 0 < c < π, use eigenvalues to estimate q on (0, c). Our methods use an asymptotic correction technique of Paine, de Hoog and Anderssen, and its extension to Numerov’s method for various boundary conditions. In the classical case c = π/2, Numerov’s method is found to be particularly effective. Since eigenvalue data is scarce in applications, we also examine stability problems associated with the use of the extra information on q when c < π/2, and give some suggestions for further research.     

Hele-Shaw type problems with dynamical boundary conditions

In this paper, we study the nonlinear evolution equation of Hele-Shaw type with dynamical boundary conditions. That is, the equation ut=Δw+f where u∈H(w) and H is the Heaviside function, with boundary condition μ(x,w)t_∂w+k∇w⋅ν=g, where ν denotes the outward normal vector of the fixed boundary of the domain. We prove existence, uniqueness and some qualitative properties of the solution.     

Exact number of positive solutions for semipositone problems

This paper is concerned with the exact number of positive solutions for the boundary value problem ^′(|y^′|^p−2y^′)+λf(y)=0 and y(−1)=y(1)=0, where p>1 and λ>0 is a positive parameter. We consider the case in which both f(u) and g(u)=(p−1)f(u)−uf^′(u) change sign exactly once from negative to positive on (0,∞).     

On dual and three space problems for the compact approximation property

We introduce the properties W^∗D and BW^∗D for the dual space of a Banach space. And then solve the dual problem for the compact approximation property (CAP): if X^∗ has the CAP and the W^∗D, then X has the CAP. Also, we solve the three space problem for the CAP: for example, if M is a closed subspace of a Banach space such that M^⊥ is complemented in X^∗ and X^∗ has the W^∗D, then X has the CAP whenever X/M has the CAP and M has the bounded CAP. Corresponding problems for the bounded compact approximation property are also addressed.     

On some algorithmic problems regarding the hairpin completion

We consider a few algorithmic problems regarding the hairpin completion. The first problem we consider is the membership problem of the hairpin and iterated hairpin completion of a language. We propose an O(nf(n)) and O(n²f(n)) time recognition algorithm for the hairpin completion and iterated hairpin completion, respectively, of a language recognizable in O(f(n)) time. We show that the n factor is not needed in the case of hairpin completion of regular and context-free languages. The n² factor is not needed in the case of iterated hairpin completion of context-free languages, but it is reduced to n in the case of iterated hairpin completion of regular languages. We then define the hairpin completion distance between two words and present a cubic time algorithm for computing this distance. A linear time algorithm for deciding whether or not the hairpin completion distance with respect to a given word is connected is also discussed. Finally, we give a short list of open problems which appear attractive to us.     

KKM type theorems and generalized vector equilibrium problems in noncompact FC-spaces

A new KKM type theorem is first proved under noncompact setting of FC-spaces. As applications of the KKM type theorem, we establish some new existence theorems of solutions for generalized vector equilibrium problems under noncompact setting of FC-spaces. These theorems improve and generalize many known results in literature.     

Direct and inverse asymptotic scattering problems for Dirac-Krein systems

The asymptotic scattering matrix s _ε(λ) for a Dirac-Krein system with signature matrix J = diag{ I _p ,-I _p }, integrable potential, and the boundary condition u ₁(0, λ) = u ₂(0, λ)ε(λ) with a coefficient ε(λ) that belongs to the Schur class of holomorphic contractive p × p matrix-valued functions in the open upper half-plane is defined. The inverse asymptotic scattering problem for a given s _ε is analyzed by Krein’s method. Earlier studies by Krein and others focused on the case in which ε = I _p (or a constant unitary matrix).     

A new approach to factorization of a class of almost-periodic triangular symbols and related Riemann-Hilbert problems

The factorization of almost-periodic triangular symbols, G, associated to finite-interval convolution operators is studied for two classes of operators whose Fourier symbols are almost periodic polynomials with spectrum in the group αZ+βZ+Z (α,β∈]0,1[, α+β>1, α/β∉Q). The factorization problem is solved by a method that is based on the calculation of one solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem GΦ₊=Φ₋ in L_∞(R) and does not require solving the associated corona problems since a second linearly independent solution is obtained by means of an appropriate transformation on the space of solutions to the Riemann-Hilbert problem. Some unexpected, but interesting, results are obtained concerning the Fourier spectrum of the solutions of GΦ₊=Φ₋. In particular it is shown that a solution exists with Fourier spectrum in the additive group αZ+βZ whether this group contains Z or not. Possible application of the method to more general classes of symbols is considered in the last section of the paper.     

Oscillatory Riemann-Hilbert problems and the corona theorem

The paper is devoted to the Riemann-Hilbert problem with matrix coefficient having in Hardy spaces [H_p^±]²,1<p?∞, on half-planes . Under the assumption of existence of a non-trivial solution of corresponding homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problem in [H_∞^±]² we study the solvability of the non-homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problem in [H_p^±]²,1<p<∞, and get criteria for the existence of a generalized canonical factorization and bounded canonical factorization for G as well as explicit formulas for its factors in terms of solutions of two associated corona problems (in and ). A separation principle for constructing corona solutions from simpler ones is developed and corona solutions for a number of corona problems in H_∞⁺ are obtained. Making use of these results we construct explicitly canonical factorizations for triangular bounded measurable or almost periodic 2×2 matrix functions whose diagonal entries do not possess factorizations. Such matrices arise, e.g., in the theory of convolution type equations on finite intervals.     

Computing finest mincut partitions of a graph and application to routing problems

Let G=(V,E,w) be an n-vertex graph with edge weights w>0. We propose an algorithm computing all partitions of V into mincuts of G such that the mincuts in the partitions cannot be partitioned further into mincuts. There are O(n) such finest mincut partitions. A mincut is a non-empty proper subset of V such that the total weight of edges with exactly one end in the subset is minimal. The proposed algorithm exploits the cactus representation of mincuts and has the same time complexity as cactus construction. An application to the exact solution of the general routing problem is described.     

A note on scalar curvature type problems in dimension 4

Let (M,g) be a 4-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold and let a,f be positive smooth functions on M. In this note, we prove that the problem Δgu+a(x)u=f(x)u³ always admits a positive solution, up to a conformal deformation of g. This leads to a geometric obstruction result for the prescribed scalar curvature problem.     

Boundary regularity for a family of overdetermined problems for the Helmholtz equation

If a nonconstant solution u of the Helmholtz equation exists on a bounded domain with u satisfying overdetermined boundary conditions (u and its normal derivative both required to be constant on the boundary), then under certain assumptions the boundary of the domain is proved to be real-analytic. Under weaker assumptions, if a real-analytic portion of the boundary has a real-analytic extension, then that extension must also be part of the boundary. Also, an explicit formula for u is given and a condition (which does not involve u) is given for a bounded domain to have such a solution u defined on it. Both of these last results involve acoustic single- and double-layer potentials.