Labelling of some planar graphs with a condition at distance two

The problem of vertex labeling with a condition at distance two in a graph, is a variation of Hale’s channel assignment problem, which was first explored by Griggs and Yeh. For positive integerp ≥q, the λ _p,q -number of graph G, denoted λ(G;p, q), is the smallest span among all integer labellings ofV(G) such that vertices at distance two receive labels which differ by at leastq and adjacent vertices receive labels which differ by at leastp. Van den Heuvel and McGuinness have proved that λ(G;p, q) ≤ (4q-2) Δ+10p+38q-24 for any planar graphG with maximum degree Δ. In this paper, we studied the upper bound of λ _p ,q-number of some planar graphs. It is proved that λ(G;p, q) ≤ (2q?1)Δ + 2(2p?1) ifG is an outerplanar graph and λ(G;p,q) ≤ (2q?1) Δ + 6p - 4q - 1 if G is a Halin graph.     

Fujita type conditions to heat equation with variable source

This paper studies heat equation with variable exponent u _t = Δu + u^p(x) + u ^q in ? ^N × (0, T), where p(x) is a nonnegative continuous, bounded function, 0 < p_? = inf p(x) ≤ p(x) ≤ sup p(x) = p₊. It is easy to understand for the problem that all nontrivial nonnegative solutions must be global if and only if max {p₊, q} ≤ 1. Based on the interaction between the two sources with fixed and variable exponents in the model, some Fujita type conditions are determined that that all nontrivial nonnegative solutions blow up in finite time if 0 < q ≤ 1 with p₊ > 1, or 1 < q < 1 + \(\frac{2}{N}\). In addition, if q > 1 + \(\frac{2}{N}\), then (i) all solutions blow up in finite time with 0 < p_? ≤ p₊ ≤ 1 + \(\frac{2}{N}\); (ii) there are both global and nonglobal solutions for p_? > 1 + \(\frac{2}{N}\); and (iii) there are functions p(x) such that all solutions blow up in finite time, and also functions p(x) such that the problem possesses global solutions when p_? < 1 + \(\frac{2}{N}\) < p₊.     

Многомерные вариаци и множеств и их контин генции

LetE be a compact set inR ⁿ (n≧2), and denote byV ₀(E) the number of the components ofE. Letp=1,2, ...,n?1;k=0,1, ...,p, and $$V_k (E;n,p) = \int\limits_{\Omega _k^n } {V_0 (E \cap \tau )^{{{(n - p)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(n - p)} {(n - k)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {(n - k)}}} d\mu _\tau ,}$$ whereΩ _k ⁿ is the set of all (n-k)-dimensional hyperplanesτ?R ⁿ anddμ _τ is the Haar measure on the spaceΩ _k ⁿ ; furthermore, let $$V_n (E;n,n - 1) = mes_n E.$$ . Theorem. Let E?Rⁿ, p=1, 2 ..., n?1, V_p+1(E;n,p)=0, and V_k(E; n, p)<∞ for k= =0,1, ..., p. Then the contingency of the set E at a point x∈E coincides with a certain p-dimensional hyperplane for almost all points x∈E in the sense of Hausdorff p-measure.     

Combinational properties of sets of residues modulo a prime and the Erdős—Graham problem

Consider an arbitrary ε > 0 and a sufficiently large prime p > 2. It is proved that, for any integer a, there exist pairwise distinct integers x ₁, x ₂, ..., x _N , where N = 8([1/ε + 1/2] + 1)² such that 1 ≤ x _i ≤ p ^ε, i = 1, ..., N, and $$a \equiv x_1^{ - 1} + \cdots + x_N^{ - 1} (\bmod p)$$ , where x _i ^?1 is the least positive integer satisfying x _i ^?1 x _i ≡ 1 (modp). This improves a result of Sparlinski.     

Interpolation and duality of generalized grand Morrey spaces on quasi-metric measure spaces

Let θ ∈ (0, 1), λ ∈ [0, 1) and p, p ₀, p ₁ ∈ (1,∞] be such that (1 ? θ)/p ₀ + θ/p ₁ = 1/p, and let φ, φ₀, φ₁ be some admissible functions such that φ, φ₀ ^p/p0 and φ₁ ^p/p1 are equivalent. We first prove that, via the ± interpolation method, the interpolation L _φ0 ^p0),λ (X), L _φ1 ^{p1), λ} (X), θ> of two generalized grand Morrey spaces on a quasi-metric measure space X is the generalized grand Morrey space L _φ ^p),λ (X). Then, by using block functions, we also find a predual space of the generalized grand Morrey space. These results are new even for generalized grand Lebesgue spaces.     

Blow-up of <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Laplacian evolution equations with variable source power

We study the blow-up and/or global existence of the following p-Laplacian evolution equation with variable source power

$${s_j} = {\beta _j} + \overline {{\beta _{n - j}}}p$$

where Ω is either a bounded domain or the whole space ? ^N , q(x) is a positive and continuous function defined in Ω with 0 < q _? = inf q(x) ? q(x) ? sup q(x) = q+ < ∞. It is demonstrated that the equation with variable source power has much richer dynamics with interesting phenomena which depends on the interplay of q(x) and the structure of spatial domain Ω, compared with the case of constant source power. For the case that Ω is a bounded domain, the exponent p ? 1 plays a crucial role. If q+ > p ? 1, there exist blow-up solutions, while if q ₊ < p ? 1, all the solutions are global. If q _? > p ? 1, there exist global solutions, while for given q _? < p ? 1 < q ₊, there exist some function q(x) and Ω such that all nontrivial solutions will blow up, which is called the Fujita phenomenon. For the case Ω = ? ^N , the Fujita phenomenon occurs if 1 < q _? ? q ₊ ? p ? 1 + p/N, while if q _? > p ? 1 + p/N, there exist global solutions.

     

A note on the sequence spacel (p v )

In this paper, the linear isometry of the sequence space l(p_v) into itself is specified as the automorphism of l(p_v) onto itself, when (p_v) satisfies the conditions, (i) 0 < p_v? 1, (ii) 1 +d ? p_v ? p < ∞,q < q_v < 1+d/d,d > o When (p_v) satisfies condition (ii),l (p_v) andl (q_v) are proved to be perfect spaces in the sense of Kothe and Toeplitz. A similar result connecting linear isometry and automorphism has been noted in the case of a non-normable complete linear metric space whose conjugate space is also determined.     

Extinction and non-extinction for a polytropic filtration equation with a nonlocal source

In this article, the authors establish the conditions for the extinction of solutions, in finite time, of the fast diffusive polytropic filtration equation u _t ?=?div(|?u ^m | ^p?2?u ^m )?+?a∫_Ω u ^q (y,?t)dy with a, q, m?>?0, p?>?1, m(p???1)?R ^N (N?>?2). More precisely speaking, it is shown that if q?>?m(p???1), any non-negative solution with small initial data vanishes in finite time, and if 0?q?m(p???1), there exists a solution which is positive in Ω for all t?>?0. For the critical case q?=?m(p???1), whether the solutions vanish in finite time or not depends on the comparison between a and μ, where μ?=?∫?_Ωφ ^p?1(x)dx and φ is the unique positive solution of the elliptic problem ?div(|?φ| ^p?2?φ)?=?1, x?∈?Ω; φ(x)?=?0, x?∈??Ω.     

A necessary and sufficient condition for a lower bound for fourth-order pseudodifferential operators

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the lower bound {fx55-01} to hold for any compact setK ⊂X, an open set ofR ⁿ , andP =P* ∃ ψ _phg ⁴ (X) with p(x, ξ) ~ q ₂ ² + p₃ + p₂ + ..., q₂ beingtransversally elliptic with respect to the characteristic manifold Σ =q ₂ ^-1 (0).     

Study of Some Fundamental Projective Quadrics Associated with a Standard Pseudo-Hermitian Space H p,q

This self-contained short note deals with the study of the properties of some real projective compact quadrics associated with a a standard pseudo-hermitian space H _p,q , namely [(Q(p, q))\tilde], [(Q_2p+1,1)\tilde], [(Q_1,2q+1)\tilde], [(H_p,q)\tilde].  [(Q(p, q))\tilde]{\widetilde{Q(p, q)}, \widetilde{Q_{2p+1,1}}, \widetilde{Q_{1,2q+1}}, \widetilde{H_{p,q}}. \, \widetilde{Q(p, q)}} is the (2n – 2) real projective quadric diffeomorphic to (S ^2p–1 × S ^2q–1)/Z ₂. inside the real projective space P(E ₁), where E ₁ is the real 2n-dimensional space subordinate to H _p,q . The properties of [(Q(p, q))\tilde]{\widetilde{Q(p, q)}} are investigated. [(H_p,q)\tilde]{\widetilde{H_p,q}} is the real (2n – 3)-dimensional compact manifold-(projective quadric)- associated with H _p,q , inside the complex projective space P(H _p,q ), diffeomorphic to (S ^2p–1 × S ^2q–1)/S ¹. The properties of [(H_p,q)\tilde]{\widetilde{H_{p,q}}} are studied. [(Q_2p+1,1)\tilde]{\widetilde{Q_{2p+1,1}}} is a 2p-dimensional standard real projective quadric, and [(Q_1,2q+1)\tilde]{\widetilde{Q_{1,2q+1}}} is another standard 2q-dimensional projective quadric. [(Q_2p+1,1)\tilde] è[(Q_1,2q+1)\tilde]{\widetilde{Q_{2p+1,1}} \cup \widetilde{Q_{1,2q+1}}}, union of two compact quadrics plays a part in the understanding of the "special pseudo-unitary conformal compactification" of H _p,q . It is shown how a distribution y → D _y , where y ? H\{0},H{y \in H\backslash\{0\},H} being the isotropic cone of H _p,q allows to [(H_p+1,q+1)\tilde]{\widetilde{H_{p+1,q+1}}} to be considered as a "special pseudo-unitary conformal compactified" of H _p,q × R. The following results precise the presentation given in [1,c].     

An integral transform in L2-cohomology for the ladder representations of U(p, q)

Starting from the realization of the Fock space as L²-cohomology of $\text{C}$^{p + q}, $\text{H}$^0,p($\text{C}$^{p + q}) = ⊕_m?$\text{Z}$$\text{H}$_m^0,p($\text{C}$^{p + q}), an integral transform is constructed which is a direct-image mapping from $\text{H}$_m^{0,p($\text{C}$p + q) into the space of holomorphic sections of some vector bundle E_m over M ≈ U(p, q)/(U(q) × U(p)), m ? 0}. The transform intertwines the natural actions of U(p, q) and is injective if m ? 0, so it provides a geometric realization of the ladder representations of U(p, q). The sections in the image of the transform satisfy certain linear differential equations, which are explicitly described. For example, Maxwell's equations are of this form if p = q = 2 and m = 2. Thus, this transform is analogous to the Penrose correspondence.     

Multiple positive solutions of nonhomogeneous elliptic systems with strongly indefinite structure and critical Sobolev exponents

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive solutions to some Hamiltonian elliptic systems −Δv=λu+u^p+εf(x), −Δu=μv+v^q+δg(x) in Ω;u,v>0 in Ω; u=v=0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain in R^N (N?3); 0?f, g∈L∞(Ω); 1/(p+1)+1/(q+1)=(N−2)/N, p,q>1; λ,μ>0. Using sub- and supersolution method and based on an adaptation of the dual variational approach, we prove the existence of at least two nontrivial positive solutions for all λ,μ∈(0,λ₁) and ε,δ∈(0,δ₀), where λ₁ is the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator −Δ with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions and δ₀ is a positive number.     

Note on a conjecture of sierksma

LetS(q, d) be the maximal numberv such that, for every general position linear maph: Δ^(q?1)(d+1) →R ^d, there exist at leastv different collections {Δ ^t1, ..., Δ ^t _q} of disjoint faces of Δ(q?1)(d+1) with the property thatf(Δ ^t1) ∩ ... ∩f(Δ ^t _q) ≠ Ø. Sierksma's conjecture is thatS(q, d)=((q?1)!) ^d . The following lower bound (Theorem 1) is proved assuming thatq is a prime number: $$S(q,d) \geqslant \frac{1}{{(q - 1)!}}\left( {\frac{q}{2}} \right)^{{{((q - 1)(d + 1))} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{((q - 1)(d + 1))} 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} .$$ Using the same technique we obtain (Theorem 2) a lower bound for the number of different splittings of a “generic” necklace.     

Fast Growing Solutions of Linear Differential Equations in the Unit Disc

For $n \in \mathbb{N}$ , the n-order of an analytic function f in the unit disc D is defined by $$\sigma _{{{M,n}}} (f) = {\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{r \to 1^{ - } } }\frac{{\log ^{ + }_{{n + 1}} M(r,f)}} {{ - \log (1 - r)}},$$ where log⁺ x  =  max{log x, 0}, log ⁺ ₁ x  =  log ⁺ x, log ⁺ _n+1 x  =  log ⁺ log ⁺ _n x, and M(r, f) is the maximum modulus of f on the circle of radius r centered at the origin. It is shown, for example, that the solutions f of the complex linear differential equation $$f^{{(k)}} + a_{{k - 1}} (z)f^{{(k - 1)}} + \cdots + a_{1} (z)f^{\prime} + a_{0} (z)f = 0,\quad \quad \quad (\dag)$$ where the coefficients are analytic in D, satisfy σ _M,n+1(f)  ≤  α if and only if σ _M,n (a _j )  ≤  α for all j  =  0, ..., k ? 1. Moreover, if q ∈{0, ..., k ? 1} is the largest index for which $\sigma _{M,n} ( a_{q}) = {\mathop {\max }\limits_{0 \leq j \leq k - 1} }{\left\{ {\sigma _{{M,n}} {\left( {a_{j} } \right)}} \right\}}$ , then there are at least k ? q linearly independent solutions f of ( $\dag$ ) such that σ _M,n+1(f) = σ _M,n (a _q ). Some refinements of these results in terms of the n-type of an analytic function in D are also given.     

Sharp bounds for the number of 3‐independent partitions and the chromaticity of bipartite graphs

Given a graph G and an integer k ≥ 1, let α(G, k) denote the number of k‐independent partitions of G. Let ??^?s(p,q) (resp., ??₂^?s(p,q)) denote the family of connected (resp., 2‐connected) graphs which are obtained from the complete bipartite graph K_p,q by deleting a set of s edges, where p ≥ q ≥ 2. This paper first gives a sharp upper bound for α(G,3), where G ∈ ?? ^?s(p,q) and 0 ≤ s ≤ (p ? 1)(q ? 1) (resp., G ∈ ?? ₂^?s(p,q) and 0 ≤ s ≤ p + q ? 4). These bounds are then used to show that if G ∈ ?? ^?s(p,q) (resp., G ∈ ?? ₂^?s (p,q)), then the chromatic equivalence class of G is a subset of the union of the sets ??^?s_i(p+i,q?i) where max and s_i = s ? i(p?q+i) (resp., a subset of ??₂^?s(p,q), where either 0 ≤ s ≤ q ? 1, or s ≤ 2q ? 3 and p ≥ q + 4). By applying these results, we show finally that any 2‐connected graph obtained from K_p,q by deleting a set of edges that forms a matching of size at most q ? 1 or that induces a star is chromatically unique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 48–77, 2001     

Note on the local growth of iterated polynomials

The local behavior of the iterates of a real polynomial is investigated. The fundamental result may be stated as follows: THEOREM. Let x_i, for i=1, 2, ..., n+2, be defined recursively by x_i+1=f(x_i), where x₁ is an arbitrary real number and f is a polynomial of degree n. Let x_i+1?x_i≧1 for i=1, ..., n + 1. Then for all i, 1 ≦i≦n, and all k, 1≦k≦n+1?i, $$ - \frac{{2^{k - 1} }}{{k!}}< f\left[ {x_1 ,... + x_{i + k} } \right]< \frac{{x_{i + k + 1} - x_{i + k} + 2^{k - 1} }}{{k!}},$$ where f[x_i, ..., x_i+k] denotes the Newton difference quotient. As a consequence of this theorem, the authors obtain information on the local behavior of the solutions of certain nonlinear difference equations. There are several cases, of which the following is typical: THEOREM. Let {x_i}, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., be the solution of the nonlinear first order difference equation x_i+1=f(x_i) where x₁ is an arbitrarily assigned real number and f is the polynomial \(f(x) = \sum\limits_{j = 0}^n {a_j x^j } ,n \geqq 2\) . Let δ be positive with δ^n?1=|2^n?1/n!a_n|. Then, if n is even and a_n<0, there do not exist n + 1 consecutive increments Δx_i=x_i+1?x_i in the solution {x_i} with Δx_i≧δ. The special case in which the iterated polynomial has integer coefficients leads to a “nice” upper bound on a generalization of the van der Waerden numbers. Ap _k -sequence of length n is defined to be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers {x ₁, ...,x _n } for which there exists a polynomial of degree at mostk with integer coefficients and satisfyingf(x _j )=x _j+1 forj=1, 2, ...,n?1. Definep _k (n) to be the least positive integer such that if {1, 2, ...,p _k (n)} is partitioned into two sets, then one of the two sets must contain ap _k -sequence of lengthn. THEOREM. p_n?2(n)≦(n!)^(n?2)!/2.     

Estimation of Kloosterman sums with primes and its application

Suppose that p is a large prime. In this paper, we prove that, for any natural number N < p the following estimate holds: $$ \left. {\mathop {\max }\limits_{\left( {a,p} \right) = 1} } \right|\left. {\sum\limits_{q \leqslant N} {e^{{{2\pi iaq*} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{2\pi iaq*} p}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} p}} } } \right| \leqslant \left( {N^{{{15} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{15} {16}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {16}}} + N^{{2 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {2 3}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 3}} p^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 4}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 4}} } \right)p^{0\left( 1 \right)} , $$ where q is a prime and q* is the least natural number satisfying the congruence qq* ≡ 1 (modp). This estimate implies the following statement: if p > N > p ^16/17+? , where ? > 0, and if we have λ ? 0 (modp), then the number J of solutions of the congruence $$ q_1 \left( {q_2 + q_3 } \right) \equiv \lambda \left( {\bmod p} \right) $$ for the primes q ₁, q ₂, q ₃ ≤ N can be expressed as $$ J = \frac{{\pi \left( N \right)^3 }} {p}\left( {1 + O\left( {p^{ - \delta } } \right)} \right), \delta = \delta \left( \varepsilon \right) > 0. $$ This statement improves a recent result of Friedlander, Kurlberg, and Shparlinski in which the condition p > N > p ^38/39+? was required.     

Continuity properties for modulation spaces, with applications to pseudo-differential calculus—I

Let M^p,q denote the modulation space with parameters p,q∈[1,∞]. If 1/p₁+1/p₂=1+1/p₀ and 1/q₁+1/q₂=1/q₀, then it is proved that . The result is used to get inclusions between modulation spaces, Besov spaces and Schatten classes in calculus of Ψdo (pseudo-differential operators), and to extend the definition of Toeplitz operators. We also discuss continuity of ambiguity functions and Ψdo in the framework of modulation spaces.     

On the positive nonoscillatory solutions of the difference equation Xn＋1=α＋（xn-k/xn-m）^p

The aim of this paper is to show that the following difference equation：Xn＋1=α＋（xn-k/xn-m）^p, n=0,1,2,…,
where α 〉 -1, p 〉 O, k,m ∈ N are fixed, 0 ≤ m 〈 k, x-k, x-k＋1,…,x-m,…,X-1, x0 are positive, has positive nonoscillatory solutions which converge to the positive equilibrium x=α＋1. It is interesting that the method described in the paper, in some cases can also be applied when the parameter α is variable.