A geometric approach to the cascade approximation operator for wavelets

This paper is devoted to an approximation problem for operators in Hilbert space, that appears when one tries to study geometrically thecascade algorithm in wavelet theory. Let be a Hilbert space, and let be a representation ofL ( ) on . LetR be a positive operator inL ( ) such thatR(1) =1, where1 denotes the constant function 1. We study operatorsM on (bounded, but noncontractive) such that

On Topological Classification of Non-Archimedean Fréchet Spaces

We prove that any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space E is homeomorphic to where D is a discrete space with card(D) = dens(E). It follows that infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet spaces E and F are homeomorphic if and only if dens(E) = dens(F). In particular, any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space of countable type over a field is homeomorphic to the non-archimedean Fréchet space .     

The density condition in subspaces and quotients of Frechet spaces

The aim of this note is to investigate the topological structure (in particular the density condition) of subspaces and separated quotients of Fréchet spaces. Our main result is the following one: LetE be a Fréchet space which is neither Montel nor isomorphic to a closed subspace ofX × , withX a Banach space, also assume thatE can be written asFG withF andG infinite dimensional closed subspaces ofE not isomorphic to , thenE contains a closed subspace with basis and not satisfying the density condition. We also prove that every Köthe echelon space of orderp, 1<p<, which is not quasinormable has a separated quotient with basis which does not satisfy the density condition.     

Topological algebras of functions of bounded variation II

The maximal ideal space of the Fréchet spaceBV is determined and topological properties are given. It is shown that the Banach algebraBV has properties D and N^*, but does not have property N for dimensions higher than 1.     

Preduals of Spaces of Vector-Valued Holomorphic Functions

For U a balanced open subset of a Fréchet space E and F a dual-Banach space we introduce the topology on the space of holomorphic functions from U into F. This topology allows us to construct a predual for which in turn allows us to investigate the topological structure of spaces of vector-valued holomorphic functions. In particular, we are able to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence and compatibility of various topologies on spaces of vector-valued holomorphic functions.     

Harmonic analysis in infinite dimension

We study the Hermite transform onL ²() where is a Gaussian measure on a Lusin locally convex spaceE. We are then lead to a Hilbert space () of analytic functions onE which is also a natural range for the Laplace transform. LetB be a convenient Hilbert-Schmidt operator on the Cameron-Martin spaceH of . There exists a natural sequence Cap _n of capacities onE associated toB. This implies the Kondratev-Yokoi theorem about positive linear forms on the Hida test-functions space.     

Real analytic curves in Fréchet spaces and their duals

The following results are presented: 1) a characterization through the Liouville property of those Stein manifoldsU such that every germ of holomorphic functions on xU can be developed locally as a vector-valued Taylor series in the first variable with values inH(U); 2) ifT is a surjective convolution operator on the space of scalar-valued real analytic functions, one can find a solutionu of the equationT u=f which depends holomorphically on the parameterz wheneverf depends in the same manner. These results are obtained as an application of a thorough study of vector-valued real analytic maps by means of the modern functional analytic tools. In particular, we give a tensor product representation and a characterization of those Fréchet spaces or LB-spacesE for whichE-valued real analytic functions defined via composition with functionals and via suitably convergent Taylor series are the same.     

C *-algebras generated by orthogonal projections and their applications

We study the following problem: Given a Hilbert spaceH and a set of orthogonal projectionsP, Q ₁, ..., Q_n on it, with the conditionsQ _j ·Q _k = _j,k Q _k , , describe theC ^*-algebraC ^*(P, Q ₁, ..., Q_n) generated by these projections.Applications to Naimark dilation theorems and to Toeplitz operators associated with the Heisenberg group are given.Dedicated to the memory of M. G. Krein.This work was partially supported by CONACYT Project 3114P-E9608, México.     

Toeplitz operators with noncommuting symbols

LetM be a von Neumann algebra with a faithful normal tracial state and letH be a finite maximal subdiagonal subalgebra ofM. LetH ² be the closure ofH in the noncommutative Lebesgue spaceL ²(M). We consider Toeplitz operators onH ² whose symbol belong toM, and find that they possess several of the properties of Toeplitz operators onH ²( ) with symbol fromL ( ), including norm estimates, a Hartman-Wintner spectral inclusion theorem, and a characterisation of the weak^* continuous linear functionals on the space of Toeplitz operators.     

A class of angelic sequential non-Fréchet-Urysohn topological groups

Fréchet-Urysohn (briefly F-U) property for topological spaces is known to be highly non-multiplicative; for instance, the square of a compact F-U space is not in general Fréchet-Urysohn [P. Simon, A compact Fréchet space whose square is not Fréchet, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 21 (1980) 749-753. [27]]. Van Douwen proved that the product of a metrizable space by a Fréchet-Urysohn space may not be (even) sequential. If the second factor is a topological group this behaviour improves significantly: we have obtained (Theorem 1.6(c)) that the product of a first countable space by a F-U topological group is a F-U space. We draw some important consequences by interacting this fact with Pontryagin duality theory. The main results are the following:

(1)

If the dual group of a metrizable Abelian group is F-U, then it must be metrizable and locally compact.

(2)

Leaning on (1) we point out a big class of hemicompact sequential non-Fréchet-Urysohn groups, namely: the dual groups of metrizable separable locally quasi-convex non-locally precompact groups. The members of this class are furthermore complete, strictly angelic and locally quasi-convex.

(3)

Similar results are also obtained in the framework of locally convex spaces.

Another class of sequential non-Fréchet-Urysohn complete topological Abelian groups very different from ours is given in [E.G. Zelenyuk, I.V. Protasov, Topologies of Abelian groups, Math. USSR Izv. 37 (2) (1991) 445-460. [32]].     

Symmetric topological*-algebras

V. Pták's inequality is valid for every hermitian completeQ locallym-convex (:l.m.c.) algebra. Every algebra of the last kind is, in particular, symmetric. Besides, a (Hausdorff) locallyC ^*-algebra (being always symmetric) with the propertyQ is, within a topological algebraic isomorphism, aC ^*-algebra. Furthermore, a type of Raikov's criterion for symmetry is also valid for non-normed topological^*-algebras. Concerning topological tensor products, one gets that symmetry of the-completed tensor product of two unital Fréchet l.m.c.^*-algebrasE, F ( denotes the projective tensorial topology) is always passed toE, F, while the converse occurs when moreover either ofE, F is commutative.     

Sequential convergence in topological vector spaces

For a given linear topology , on a vector spaceE, the finest linear topology having the same convergent sequences, and the finest linear topology onE having the same precompact sets, are investigated. Also, the sequentially bornological spaces and the sequentially barreled spaces are introduced and some of their properties are studied.     

The universal central extension of the holomorphic current algebra

We identify the universal differential module ¹(A) for the Fréchet algebra A of holomorphic functions on a complex Stein manifold X, and more generally on a Riemannian domain R over X and for the algebra of germs of holomorphic functions on a compact subset K ⁿ . It turns out to be isomorphic to the Fréchet space of holomorphic 1-forms on X, resp. R, resp. to the space ¹(K) of germs of holomorphic 1-forms in K. This determines the center of the universal central extension of the Lie algebra (R, of holomorphic maps from R to a finite-dimensional simple complex Lie algebra .     

On a class of stably finite nuclear C*-algebras

In this note we show that a separable C^*-algebra is nuclear and has a quasidiagonal extension by (the ideal of compact operators on an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space) if and only if it is anuclear finite algebra (NF-algebra) in the sense of Blackadar and Kirchberg, and deduce that every nuclear C^*-subalgebra of aNF-algebra isNF. We show that strongNF-algebras satisfy a Følner type condition.     

Parameter dependence of solutions of differential equations on spaces of distributions and the splitting of short exact sequences

We show that a linear partial differential operator with constant coefficients P(D) is surjective on the space of E-valued (ultra-)distributions over an arbitrary convex set if E^′ is a nuclear Fréchet space with property (DN). In particular, this holds if E is isomorphic to the space of tempered distributions S^′ or to the space of germs of holomorphic functions over a one-point set H({0}). This result has an interpretation in terms of solving the scalar equation P(D)u=f such that the solution u depends on parameter whenever the right-hand side f also depends on the parameter in the same way. A suitable analogue for surjective convolution operators over is obtained as well. To get the above results we develop a splitting theory for short exact sequences of the form

0XYZ0,

Fréchet algebras of finite type

The main objects of study in this paper are Fréchet algebras having an Arens Michael representation in which every Banach algebra is finite dimensional. We shall classify these algebras using a theorem which ensures that the image of any continuous linear map of a Fréchet space of finite type (i.e., for which the defining seminorms have a finite dimensional cokernel) into any Fréchet space is in fact closed.This work is part of the research project of the European Research Training Network Analysis and Operators, contract HPRN-CT 2000 00116, funded by the European Commission.     

The spectra of closed interpolated operators

Let (E ₀,E ₁) be a compatible couple of Banach spaces, and letE : 0Re1 be the complex interpolation spaces ofE ₀,E ₁. LetT be a closed linear operator onE ₀+E ₁, then the restrictionT ofT to eachE is closed. If we denote by the extended spectrum ofT inE , then, under appropriate conditions, it is shown that the map is an analytic multifunction in the strip {C0<Re<1}. We use these results to give some applications to the spectral theory of semigroups.     

The existence and stability of quasi-steady periodic voidage waves in a fluidized bed

Using the Hopf bifurcation theorem we are able to show the existence of a one-parameter family of quasi-steady periodic solutions to the nonlinear equations of motion governing the one-dimensional flow in a fluidized bed at flow rates for which the uniformly fluidized state is unstable. We are then able to obtain uniformly valid expansions for these periodic solutions close to the bifurcation point using the method of multiple scales, and extend these results by numerical integrations for certain values of the parameters. The bifurcation theorem also identifies a flow rateE ^*such that for flow rates less thanE ^*the bifurcation is supercritical while for flow rates greater thanE ^*it is subcritical.Having established that periodic solutions can exist, we then discuss the temporal stability of these periodic voidage waves by considering the weakly nonlinear evolution of a slowly varying wave train at flow rates close to critical stability. For flow rates close to the lower critical stability point we find that the periodic solutions are stable only for flow rates such that the uniform state is unstable and then provided their wavelength <^*. For flow rates close to the upper critical stability point we find, as well as there being a wavelength such that the periodic solutions are stable only if , that there is a further parameter _u with the condition _u 1 needed for stability.

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Résumé En utilisant le théorème de bifurcation de Hopf nous démontrons l'existence d'une famille à un paramètre de solutions périodiques quasi-stationnaires aux équations non-linéaires qui gouvernent l'écoulement uni-dimensionnel dans un lit fluidisé à des vitesses pour lesquelles l'état uniformément fluidisé est instable. En utilisant la méthode des échelles multiples, nous présentons des expansions uniformément valables pour ces solutions périodiques au voisinage du point de bifurcation, et l'extension de ces résultats par des intégrations numériques pour quelques valeurs de paramètres. Le théorème de bifurcation permet d'identifier une vitesseE ^*telle que, pour des vitesses inférieures àE ^* la bifurcation est surcritique, tandis que pour des vitesses supérieures àE ^* elle est souscritique.Une fois établi que des solutions périodiques peuvent exister, nous sommes à même de discuter la stabilité temporelle de ces ondes de vide périodiques en considérant l'évolution faiblement non-linéaire d'un train d'ondes avec variation lente près de la stabilité critique. Pour des vitesses proches du point inférieur de stabilité critique, nous établissons que les solutions périodiques sont stables seulement à des vitesses telles que l'état uniforme est instable, et à condition que leur longueur d'onde <^*. Pour des vitesses proches du point supérieur de stabilité critique, nous découvrons que, en plus d'une longueur d'onde telle que les solutions périodiques sont stables seulement si , il existe un autre paramètre _u avec la condition _u 1 nécessaire pour qu'il y ait stabilité.

     

Every non-normable non-archimedean Köthe space has a quotient without the bounded approximation property

It is proved that any non-archimedean non-normable Fréchet space with a Schauder basis and a continuous norm has a quotient without the bounded approximation property. It follows that any infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Fréchet space, which is not isomorphic to any of the following spaces: , has a quotient without a Schauder basis. Clearly, any quotient of c₀ and has a Schauder basis. It is shown a similar result for and     

Aur la vacuité du spectre d'un élément d'une algèbre\mathcal{L}\mathcal{F}

We give an example of a complete commutative unitary and semi-simple topological algebra, which is a locally convex inductive limit of an increasing sequence of Fréchet algebras ( algebra), and which contains the field (X) of rational functions; so it contains elements which have empty spectrum and therefore does not contain any character, neither continuous nor non-continuous. This unitary algebra is not a division algebra, so it contains at least one non-trivial maximal ideal; but none of its maximal ideals is closed and they all have infinite codimension. The Gelfand-Mazur Theorem remains therefore unknown for algebras.