离散设施选址问题研究综述

本文首先回顾了设施选址问题百年发展历史,认为其研究经历了零散研究、系统研究、不确定性研究三个阶段.离散选址问题包括中值问题、覆盖问题、中心问题、多产品问题、动态问题、多目标问题、路径选址问题、网络中心选址问题8个子问题.最后作者讨论了选址问题研究中存在的问题以及今后发展的趋势.     

以问题为中心推动课堂教学

新课标提出:问题是探究的起点,一切数学教学都应该从问题出发,到更高一级问题的产生.问题中心是指课堂教学中教师、学生围绕问题所形成的系统,课堂藉以问题形式展开,学生通过问题学习,教师经由问题组织教学.其核心是教学始终把问题作为学生发展的载体,用基本问题及其解决来建构知识,让学生自觉、主动地发现问题、提出问题、探究问题、形成问题意识.……     

以问题为中心推动课堂教学

新课标提出:问题是探究的起点,一切数学教学都应该从问题出发,到更高一级问题的产生.问题中心是指课堂教学中教师、学生围绕问题所形成的系统,课堂藉以问题形式展开,学生通过问题学习,教师经由问题组织教学.其核心是教学始终把问题作为学生发展的载体,用基本问题及其解决来建构知识,让学生自觉、主动地发现问题、提出问题、探究问题、形成问题意识.……     

以问题为中心 推动课堂教学

新课标提出:问题是探究的起点,一切数学教学都应该从问题出发,到更高一级问题的产生.问题中心是指课堂教学中教师、学生围绕问题所形成的系统,课堂藉以问题形式展开,学生通过问题学习,教师经由问题组织教学.其核心是教学始终把问题作为学生发展的载体,用基本问题及其解决来建构知识,让学生自觉、主动地发现问题、提出问题、探究问题、形成问题意识.1.问题情境教学的含义以问题为中心组织教学,强调把学习设置到有意义的问题情景中,这就需要教者尽心设计问题情境.所谓问题情境教学,就是教学中将数学课程本身与现实生活中所熟悉的问题或学生个…     

数学转化的思想方法

数学转化思想是“把问题元素从一种形式向另一种形式转化的能力”．就解题的本质而言,解题既意味着转化,既把生疏问题转化为熟习问题,把抽象问题转化为具体问题,把复杂问题转化为简单问题,把一般问题转化为特殊问题,把高次问题转化为底次问题;把未知条件转化为已知条件,把一个综合问题转化为几个基本问题,     

数学家货郎问题的计算复杂性研究

货郎问题(TSP)是研究计算复杂性理论的经典问题.在货郎问题的基础上,提出"数学家货郎问题"(MTSP).经过研究发现,数学家货郎问题是一个典型的NP类问题,但它却不属于P类问题.因此,数学家货郎问题是一个NP类问题与P类问题不相等的例证.     

一类非单调互补问题的Canonical对偶问题研究

对于一类具有广泛应用背景的非单调互补问题,我们构建了这类问题的Canonical对偶问题。其对偶问题可以写成和原问题类似的互补问题。我们给出了对偶问题和原问题解之间的对偶关系,并且将对偶问题转化成一个一维优化问题,这不但可以方便的求解这类问题,也为研究这类问题性质提供了一个非常直观的研究工具。最后,本文给出了几个算例来演示对偶问题的性质。     

高考数学应用题十年回顾

自1995年在高考中引入数学应用问题起，为培养中学生数学应用意识的新题型——数学应用题成为每年数学高考的一道“大菜”，从简单的贺卡分配问题到复杂的价格问题、人口耕地粮食问题、全程运输成本问题，污水处理的质量分数问题、带钢冷轧减薄问题、西红柿的种植与成本问题、旅游业的投入产出问题，汽车保有量问题，台风预报问题等，逐步形成贴近课本、贴近生活、贴近学生实际，贴近问题的实际，     

交叉数学规划问题

本文提出了一个新的数学规划概念──交叉数学规划问题．该问题的提出是以经济问题为其背景的．许多已有的规划问题上。对偶规划问题、双水平规划问题、多目标规划问题、参数规划问题以及对策问题均可作为交叉规划问题的特例．本文除系统地给出交及数学规划问题的基本定义外，还分别对各类交叉规划问题的有关理论及求解方法进行了初步的探讨．     

图论中若干著名问题的历史注记

考察了哥尼斯堡七桥问题,最小生成树问题,旅行推销员问题,分派问题,最大流问题,中国邮递员问题和四色问题等著名图论问题的历史背景.     

三种新变形的全一问题

该文研究三种新变形的全一问题及最小全一问题. 原始的全一问题可被形象的称为顶点点亮顶点问题, 而这三类新问题则分别被称为顶点点亮边问题,边点亮顶点问题,边点亮边问题. 顶点点亮顶点问题已经得到了广泛的研究. 比如,解的存在性问题和求解的有效算法已经被解决,一般图上的最小顶点点亮顶点问题已经被证明是NP- 完备的,树、单圈图和双圈图上的最小顶点点亮顶点问题的线性时间最优算法也已被给出等. 该文对于顶点点亮边问题,证明一个图有解当且仅当它是二部图,因此只可能有两组解和最优解. 对于边点亮顶点问题,证明一个图有解当且仅当它包含偶数个顶点,并通过将其最优问题多项式变换成最小权的完美匹配问题,得出一般图上的最小边点亮顶点问题可在多项式时间内求解. 边点亮边问题可归约成线图上的顶点点亮顶点问题.     

A study of mixed discrete bilevel programs using semidefinite and semi-infinite programming

In this paper, we study the bilevel programming problem with discrete polynomial lower level problem. We start by transforming the problem into a bilevel problem comprising a semidefinite program (SDP for short) in the lower level problem. Then, we are able to deduce some conditions of existence of solutions for the original problem. After that, we again change the bilevel problem with SDP in the lower level problem into a semi-infinite program. With the aid of the exchange technique, for simple bilevel programs, an algorithm for computing a global optimal solution is suggested, the convergence is shown, and a numerical example is given.     

A branch and bound network approach to the canonical constrained entropy problem

In this paper, we present a branch and bound algorithm for solving the constrained entropy mathematical programming problem. Unlike other methods for solving this problem, our method solves more general problems with inequality constraints. The advantage of the proposed technique is that the relaxed problem solved at each node is a singly constrained network problem. The disadvantage is that the relaxed problem has twice as many variables as the original problem. An application to regional planning is given, and an example problem is solved.     

Heuristic Solution Methods for the Multilevel Generalized Assignment Problem

The multilevel generalized assignment problem is a problem of assigning agents to tasks where the agents can perform tasks at more than one efficiency level. A profit is associated with each assignment and the objective of the problem is profit maximization. Two heuristic solution methods are presented for the problem. The heuristics are developed from solution methods for the generalized assignment problem. One method uses a regret minimization approach whilst the other method uses a repair approach on a relaxation of the problem. The heuristics are able to solve moderately large instances of the problem rapidly and effectively. Procedures for deriving an upper bound on the solution of the problem are also described. On larger and harder instances of the problem one heuristic is particularly effective.     

A Convergence Proof for Constrained Finite Element Solutions

A convergence proof is given for the finite-element solutionof the infinite dimensional quadratic programming problem ofminimizing a quadratic functional subject to linear constraints.The proof for the unconstrained problem is briefly reviewed,and then extended to the constrained case. Only the first partof the proof is given, in which necessary conditions for convergenceare derived for the specific problem and its finite-elementapproximation. The final step of proving that any problem doesobey these conditions will depend on the specific problem, butit is shown that if the finite element formulation is pointwiseconvergent and the unconstrained problem is convergent, thenso too will be the constrained problem.     

Coefficient identification in Euler-Bernoulli equation from over-posed data

A method for solving the inverse problem for coefficient identification in the Euler-Bernoulli equation from over-posed data is presented. The original inverse problem is replaced by a minimization problem. The method is applied to the problem for identifying the coefficient in the case when it is a piece-wise polynomial function. Several examples are elaborated and the numerical results confirm that the solution of the imbedding problem coincides with the direct simulation of the original problem within the second order of approximation.     

Inverse Eigenvalue Problem in Structural Dynamics Design

1 Introduction Structural dynamics design is to design a structure subject to the dynamic characteristics re- quirement, i.e., determine physical and geometrical parameters such that the structure has the given frequencies and (or) mode shapes. This problem often arises in engineering connected with vibration. Recently, Joseph [1], Li et al. [2,3] converted the structural dynamics design to the following inverse eigenvalue problem. GIEP Let x = (x1, , xm)T , and let A(x) and B(x) be real n…     

轴对称弹塑性扭转问题的数值解

在很多自由边界问题的研究中,变分不等式是一个有力的工具,它不但可以用来研究解的存在唯一性、正则性等理论问题,而且还提供了有效的数值方法(见[1-3]).对轴对称机轴的弹塑性扭转问题,[4,5]用变分不等式研究了解的存在唯一性和正则性,在此基础上,[6]建议用有限元法求解等价的障碍问题.该法的缺点是,事先要解一个一阶非线性偏微分方程的Cauchy问题以求出障碍函数,并且此Cauchy问题的解一般不唯一.本文的方法是直接将原来的变分不等式问题作有限元离散,再将离散问题化成鞍点问题,然后采用Uzawa型算法求解.这就避免了[6]中方法的上述困难.     

On optimal shape design of systems governed by mixed Dirichlet-Signorini boundary value problems

A problem for finding optimal shape for systems governed by the mixed unilateral boundary value problem of Dirichlet-Signorini-type is considered. Conditions for the solvability of the problem are stated when a variational inequality formulation and when a penalty method is used for solving the state problem in question. The asymptotic relation of design problems based on these two formulations is presented. The optimal shape design problem is discretized by means of finite element method. The convergence results for the approximation are proved. The discretized versions are then formulated as a non-linear programming problem. Results of practical computations of the problem in question are reported.     

Single machine stochastic JIT scheduling problem subject to machine breakdowns

In this paper we research the single machine stochastic JIT scheduling problem subject to the machine breakdowns for preemptive-resume and preemptive-repeat.The objective function of the problem is the sum of squared deviations of the job-expected completion times from the due date.For preemptive-resume,we show that the optimal sequence of the SSDE problem is V-shaped with respect to expected processing times.And a dynamic programming algorithm with the pseudopolynomial time complexity is given.We discuss the difference between the SSDE problem and the ESSD problem and show that the optimal solution of the SSDE problem is a good approximate optimal solution of the ESSD problem,and the optimal solution of the SSDE problem is an optimal solution of the ESSD problem under some conditions.For preemptive-repeat,the stochastic JIT scheduling problem has not been solved since the variances of the completion times cannot be computed.We replace the ESSD problem by the SSDE problem.We show that the optimal sequence of the SSDE problem is V-shaped with respect to the expected occupying times.And a dynamic programming algorithm with the pseudopolynomial time complexity is given.A new thought is advanced for the research of the preemptive-repeat stochastic JIT scheduling problem.