Differentiability of p-Harmonic Functions on Metric Measure Spaces

We study p-harmonic functions on metric measure spaces, which are formulated as minimizers to certain energy functionals. For spaces supporting a p-Poincaré inequality, we show that such functions satisfy an infinitesmal Lipschitz condition almost everywhere. This result is essentially sharp, since there are examples of metric spaces and p-harmonic functions that fail to be locally Lipschitz continuous on them. As a consequence of our main theorem, we show that p-harmonic functions also satisfy a generalized differentiability property almost everywhere, in the sense of Cheeger’s measurable differentiable structures.     

Asplund sets, differentiability and subdifferentiability of functions in Banach spaces

We show that Asplund sets are effective tools to study differentiability of Lipschitz functions, and ε-subdifferentiability of lower semicontinuous functions on general Banach spaces. If a locally Lipschitz function defined on an Asplund generated space has a minimal Clarke subdifferential mapping, then it is TBY-uniformly strictly differentiable on a dense Gδ subset of X. Examples are given of locally Lipschitz functions that are TBY-uniformly strictly differentiable everywhere, but nowhere Fréchet differentiable.     

Approximate subgradients and coderivatives in R n

We show that in two dimensions or higher, the Mordukhovich-Ioffe approximate subdifferential and Clarke subdifferential may differ almost everywhere for real-valued Lipschitz functions. Uncountably many Fréchet differentiable vector-valued Lipschitz functions differing by more than constants can share the same Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivatives. Moreover, the approximate Jacobian associated with the Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivative can be nonconvex almost everywhere for Fréchet differentiable vector-valued Lipschitz functions. Finally we show that for vector-valued Lipschitz functions the approximate Jacobian associated with the Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivative can be almost everywhere disconnected.     

Approximate subgradients and coderivatives in Rn

We show that in two dimensions or higher, the Mordukhovich-Ioffe approximate subdifferential and Clarke subdifferential may differ almost everywhere for real-valued Lipschitz functions. Uncountably many Fréchet differentiable vector-valued Lipschitz functions differing by more than constants can share the same Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivatives. Moreover, the approximate Jacobian associated with the Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivative can be nonconvex almost everywhere for Fréchet differentiable vector-valued Lipschitz functions. Finally we show that for vector-valued Lipschitz functions the approximate Jacobian associated with the Mordukhovich-Ioffe coderivative can be almost everywhere disconnected.Research supported by NSERC and the Shrum Endowment at Simon Fraser University.     

Mappings of higher order and nonlinear equations in some spaces of almost periodic functions

In the first part of the paper we examine mappings of higher order from a general point of view, that is, in normed spaces of bounded real-valued functions defined on R$\mathbb{R}$. Particular attention is paid to the relation of such mappings with the so-called autonomous superposition operators. Next we investigate mappings of higher order in Banach spaces of almost periodic functions and their perturbations. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing that a nonautonomous superposition operator acts in the space of almost periodic functions in the sense of Levitan and is uniformly continuous. In the Banach space of bounded almost periodic functions in the sense of Levitan we discuss mappings of higher order and a convolution operator. Some applications to nonlinear differential and integral equations are given.     

Differentiability of cone-monotone functions on separable Banach space

Motivated by applications to (directionally) Lipschitz functions, we provide a general result on the almost everywhere Gâteaux differentiability of real-valued functions on separable Banach spaces, when the function is monotone with respect to an ordering induced by a convex cone with non-empty interior. This seemingly arduous restriction is useful, since it covers the case of directionally Lipschitz functions, and necessary. We show by way of example that most results fail more generally.

     

Smooth extension of functions on a certain class of non-separable Banach spaces

Let us consider a Banach space X with the property that every real-valued Lipschitz function f can be uniformly approximated by a Lipschitz, C¹-smooth function g with Lip(g)?CLip(f) (with C depending only on the space X). This is the case for a Banach space X bi-Lipschitz homeomorphic to a subset of c₀(Γ), for some set Γ, such that the coordinate functions of the homeomorphism are C¹-smooth (Hájek and Johanis, 2010 [10]). Then, we prove that for every closed subspace Y⊂X and every C¹-smooth (Lipschitz) function f:Y→R, there is a C¹-smooth (Lipschitz, respectively) extension of f to X. We also study C¹-smooth extensions of real-valued functions defined on closed subsets of X. These results extend those given in Azagra et al. (2010) [4] to the class of non-separable Banach spaces satisfying the above property.     

On differential properties of mappings into a Banach space

We prove that the Rieffel sharpness condition for a Banach space E is necessary and sufficient for an arbitrary Lipschitz function f: [a, b]→E to be differentiable almost everywhere on a segment [a, b]. We establish that, in the case where the sharpness condition is not satisfied, the major part (in the category sense) of Lipschitz functions has no derivatives at any point of the segment [a, b].     

Very Convex Banach Spaces

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Set-valued mapping monotonicity as characterization of D.C functions

In this paper, using a result of Kung-Ching Chang [6], we give a characterization of locally Lipschitz functions which are differences of convex functions defined on a Banach space (not necessarily Asplund) in terms on maximal cyclically monotone set-valued mappings. A subdifferential integration of locally D.C functions. is also given.     

The graphs of Lipschitz functions and minimal surfaces on Carnot groups

We study and solve a new problem for the class of Lipschitz mappings (with respect to sub-Riemannian metrics) on Carnot groups. We introduce the new concept of graph for the functions on a Carnot group, and then the new concept of sub-Riemannian differentiability generalizing hc-differentiability. We prove that the mapping-??graphs?? are almost everywhere differentiable in the new sense. For these mappings we define a concept of intrinsic measure and obtain an area formula for calculating this measure. By way of application, we find necessary and sufficient conditions on the class of surface-??graphs?? under which they are minimal surfaces (with respect to the intrinsic measure of a surface).     

Generalized subdifferentials: a Baire categorical approach

We use Baire categorical arguments to construct pathological locally Lipschitz functions. The origins of this approach can be traced back to Banach and Mazurkiewicz (1931) who independently used similar categorical arguments to show that ``almost every continuous real-valued function defined on [0,1] is nowhere differentiable". As with the results of Banach and Mazurkiewicz, it appears that it is easier to show that almost every function possesses a certain property than to construct a single concrete example. Among the most striking results contained in this paper are: Almost every 1-Lipschitz function defined on a Banach space has a Clarke subdifferential mapping that is identically equal to the dual ball; if is a family of maximal cyclically monotone operators defined on a Banach space then there exists a real-valued locally Lipschitz function such that for each ; in a separable Banach space each non-empty weakcompact convex subset in the dual space is identically equal to the approximate subdifferential mapping of some Lipschitz function and for locally Lipschitz functions defined on separable spaces the notions of strong and weak integrability coincide.

     

Banach空间中Lipschitz伪压缩映射的近似不动点序列及其收敛定理

研究了Lipschitz伪压缩映射的黏滞迭代方法.设E为一致光滑Bannach空间,K为E的闭凸子集,TK→K为Lipschitz伪压缩映射且其不动点集F(T)非空,f为K上的压缩映射且t∈(0,1).若黏滞迭代路径{xt},xt=(1-t)f(xt) tTxt且对任意初始向量x1∈K,迭代序列{xn}定义为xn 1=λnθnf(xn) [1-λn(1 θn)]xn λnTxn,则当t→1-和n→∞时,{xt}和{xn}都强收敛于T的不动点,同时该不动点还是一类变分不等式的解.     

A note on “Approximation of fixed points for amenable semigroups of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces” [Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 1211-1225]

In this note, we deal with an iterative scheme of Halpern type for a semigroup of nonexpansive mappings on a compact convex subset of a strictly convex and smooth Banach space with respect to an asymptotically left invariant sequence of means defined on an appropriate space of bounded real valued functions of the semigroup. We improve the corresponding result of [A.T. Lau, H. Miyake, W. Takahashi, Approximation of fixed points for amenable semigroups of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 1211-1225].     

Cone monotone mappings: Continuity and differentiability

We generalize some results of Borwein, Burke, Lewis, and Wang to mappings with values in metric (resp. ordered normed linear) spaces, and we define two classes of monotone mappings between an ordered linear space and a metric space (resp. ordered linear space): K$K$-monotone dominated and cone-to-cone monotone mappings. K$K$-monotone dominated mappings naturally generalize mappings with finite variation (in the classical sense) and K$K$-monotone functions defined by Borwein, Burke and Lewis to mappings with domains and ranges of higher dimensions. First, using results of Veselý and Zají?ek, we show some relationships between these classes. Then, we show that every K$K$-monotone function f:X→R$f:X\to \mathbb{R}$, where X$X$ is any Banach space, is continuous outside of a set which can be covered by countably many Lipschitz hypersurfaces. This sharpens a result due to Borwein and Wang. As a consequence, we obtain a similar result for K$K$-monotone dominated and cone-to-cone monotone mappings. Finally, we prove several results concerning almost everywhere differentiability (also in metric and w^∗$w^{\ast }$-senses) of these mappings.     

本性不可比的Banach空间

通过引入本性严格奇异算子和投影严格奇异算子,讨论本性不可比的Banach空间,对M.Gonzalez提出的猜想作出部分的肯定回答,最后,利用空间的本性不可比构造了一类空间,其上的非本性算子类和严格余奇异算子类是不重合的。     

Bi—shadowing of Infinite Trajectories for Difference Equations in Banach Spaces

It is shown that infinite trajectories of difference equations with Lipschitz semi— hyperbolic mappings in a Banach space are bi—shadowing with respect to a class of compact mappings and also with respect to —locally —condensing mappings, where is the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness     

A differential operator and weak topology for Lipschitz maps

We show that the Scott topology induces a topology for real-valued Lipschitz maps on Banach spaces which we call the L-topology. It is the weakest topology with respect to which the L-derivative operator, as a second order functional which maps the space of Lipschitz functions into the function space of non-empty weak^∗ compact and convex valued maps equipped with the Scott topology, is continuous. For finite dimensional Euclidean spaces, where the L-derivative and the Clarke gradient coincide, we provide a simple characterization of the basic open subsets of the L-topology. We use this to verify that the L-topology is strictly coarser than the well-known Lipschitz norm topology. A complete metric on Lipschitz maps is constructed that is induced by the Hausdorff distance, providing a topology that is strictly finer than the L-topology but strictly coarser than the Lipschitz norm topology. We then develop a fundamental theorem of calculus of second order in finite dimensions showing that the continuous integral operator from the continuous Scott domain of non-empty convex and compact valued functions to the continuous Scott domain of ties is inverse to the continuous operator induced by the L-derivative. We finally show that in dimension one the L-derivative operator is a computable functional.     

Banach空间的p— Asplund 伴随空间

我们称一个定义在Banach空间E上的连续凸函数f具有Frechet可微性质（FDP）,如果E上的每个实值凸函数g≤f均在E一个稠密的Gδ－子集上Frechet可微。本文主要证明了：对任何Banach空间E,均存在一个局部凸相容拓扑p使得1）（E,p)是Hausdorff局部凸空间;2） E上的每个范数连续具有FDP的凸函数均是p－连续的;3）每个p-连续的凸函数均具有FDP ;4）p等价某个范数拓扑当且仅不E是Asplund空间。     

On continuous restrictions of measurable multilinear mappings

This article deals with measurablemultilinear mappings on Fréchet spaces and analogs of two properties which are equivalent for a measurable (with respect to gaussian measure) linear functional: (i) there exists a sequence of continuous linear functions converging to the functional almost everywhere; (ii) there exists a compactly embedded Banach space X of full measure such that the functional is continuous on it. We show that these properties for multilinear functions defined on a power of the space X are not equivalent; but property (ii) is equivalent to the apparently stronger condition that the compactly embedded subspace is a power of the subspace embedded in X.